The present paper deals with whether quotient rings of Armendariz rings are also Armendariz rings. By means of Gauss Lemma and formal m atrix, it is proved that quotient rings of a unique factorization domain (UFD) w ith respect to its princ ipal ideals are Armendariz rings, and we present a condition for R［x］/ (x²-1) to be an Armendariz ring. Some results on Armendariz rings are extende d to skew Armendariz rings. The paper not only generalizes some results in literature but also provides new examples of Armendariz rings.

The present paper is presented a new method for problem s of structural dynamic reanalysis with very large changes in design variable. T his method is based on combining the power-series expansion of eigenvalue proble ms with the rational approximation of a vector-value function. The use of the ra tional approximation and the Rayleigh quotient leads to that the quality of powe r-series expansion is significantly improved and the range of approximation is extended with a few of additional operation counts. The method is simple in oper ation and easy in implement. Two numerical examples were used to show that the p roposed method can provide high quality approximations of the structural behavio r for large changes in design variable. For large modification in design variabl e, the rational approximation of a vector-value function is an efficient method for structural dynamic reanalysis.

The present paper is proposed a method to deal with the ε-stability of estimation for a class of equivariant estimators L₁={T_n(1+ ∑^n-1_i=1c_i|X_i/X_n|)} under the loss function L(σ,d)=(1-d/σ)² by means of the optimal cr iterion in the statistical decision. The conditions of the ε-stability for the estimator in L₁ are presented. Furthermore, as an example of th is method, the ε-stability of estimation of scale paramter λ in Gamma distribution is discussed.

By using the matrix method, the present paper describes all the horomorphisms from the general linear group GL_n(F₂)(n≥3) over the field F₂ with two elements into the general linear group GL_n(K) over a fie ld K. If Ch K≠2, the characterization of the homomorphisms from GL ₃(F₂) into GL₃(K) is given, and it is proved th at the homomorphisms from GL_n(F₂) into GL_n(K) are trivial whenever n≥4； if Ch K≠2 and n≥3 , homomorphisms from GL_n(F₂) into GL_n(K) are ch aracterized.

The present paper presents a new problem, whose object is multiobjective and whose constraint is nonlinear inequality and variationa l inequality. This problem belongs to MPEC problem (mathematical programs with e quilibrium constraints), whose sufficient and necessary optimalit y conditons are given in this paper. By means of this su fficient condition the VPEC problem is transfered to a usual optimizational prob lem with constraints. An algorithm to solve this problem, i.e., the l¹ penalty function is given. In the end an example is given.

The present paper presented a new algorithm for solving the subset of the weakly efficient solution of linear multiobjective programming (LVP). The su bset of the weakly efficient solution of (LVP) was obtained under different cond itions, and the be tter solution of the subset of the weakly efficient solution was achieved agai n. The algorithm was practised together with concert examples and VC++ computer language.

This paper deals with the statistical inference of an au toregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) model under restriction. We g ave a criteria function to compute a least squares estimation for the nonnegativ e parameters (α₀,α₁,α₂,…,α_q) of the ARCH model, and showed the strong consistency of the estimation. By discuss ing the exact expression and the asymptotic normality of the estimation under ordered restriction (α₁≥α₂≥…≥α_q), we obtained the form of the test statist ical quantity, then solved the testing problem with the parameter space under or dered restriction.

This paper deals with the periodic optimal control gove rned by a degenerate nonlinear diffusion equation. The existence and stabili ty of the optimal control is established based on the parabolic regularization method and the weak convergence technique.

The existence and uniqueness of renormalized solutions of a doubly degenerate parabolic equation are discussed by means of parabolic r egularization method.

As the partial sum operator S^(N,B)_n(f;Z) of Neumann-Bessel series can not uniformly converge for each continuous f(Z) on unit circle Γ, in order to improve the convergence the operator of inter polation polynomial, the kernel function K^(N,B)_n(Z,ξ) of Neumann-Besssl series was divided by 2 to construct a new Rogosinski kernel and it has been proved in detail that such a new operator uniformly converges for any continuous function f(Z) on the unit circle |Z|=1 and has the best approxi mation order for f(Z) on |Z|=1.

The framework of 2-level structure is proposed to cluster the data streams. The first is quickly computing level by which the intermediate results are gained with the rough but fast algorithm; the second is complex analysis level by which the intermediate results are deeply analyzed with more complicated method to find complex clusters. The empirical evidence shows that with the framework effectively clustering the data streams is performed on the basis of atisfying the demand of rapid analysis of the data streams.

Traditional compiler front-end generators are not universal and extensible for the reason of their structures and algorithms. In order to solve this problem, a universal and extensible compiler front-end generator --JLUCC is provided and has been implemented. The implementation of JLUCC involves object-orientation, reflection and design patterns technologies. JLUCC is universal, extensible and easy-used. At last, JLUCC was validated in the practical procedure of developing a C/ATLAS compiler.

Based on the FP_growth association rules, an improved a lgorithm with the dynamically weighted characteristic was put forward. Accord ing to their important degree, the items within the transaction database were divided into 5 grades, AHP was used to construct the judgmental matrix, and the eigenvector was calculated. At the same time, in order to create the FP_tree and to measure its important degree, taking the vector we got as weight, a synthetic consideration was made between the weight and the number items ap peared in the transaction database. Finally the frequent item sets and associati on rules were found. As the process of getting weight can be dynamically changed by domain expert, not only can the more meaningful rules be mined, but also a lot of lower weighted item sets were got rid of during the early time of algorithm, so the efficiency of our algorithm was improved.

Because the wavelet transform has different focus for different scale layer, the choice of the threshold in Mallat’s multiscale edges extraction algorithm based on wavelet is improved. According to characters of the micro images one can set different threshold values for cell edge and background noise by using the self adaptive time-frequency feature of the wavelet. Then the cell edge can be effectively determined by separating the modulo angle. Experiment results of choosing different threshold value show that it is effective.

N-implantation into amorphous carbon films with different doses was carried out to study the formation of CN bonding. Raman and XPS sp ectra were used to characterize the chemical bonding of CN bonds in amorphous carbon films after N-implantation. The results show that N atoms implanted into amorphous carbon films are bound to C atoms by different bonding types of sp³ C-N, sp² C-N and C≡N in the films. When N-implantation dose increases, the relative content of sp³ C-N bonds increases, which is more than those of other types of C-N bonds in the films. It indicates that N-implantation is favorable to the formation of sp³ C-N bonds.

The statistic properties of photon in the system of a two-mode entangled coherent state interacting with a Ξ-type three-level atom are investigated by solving Schr〖AKo¨D〗dinger equation and using numerical calculations. The effects on the statistic properties of photon induced by the degree of entanglement of the two-mode entangled coherent state, the ground st ate probability amplitude of the atomic initial state, the detuning, the atom-f ield coupling constant and the mean photon number are analyzed. The results indi cate that the influence of the degree of entanglement of the two-mode entangled coherent state on the statistic properties of photon is small. The increasing o f the ground state probability amplitude of the atomic initial state causes the center of the time evolution curve to move up distinctly. The increasing of the detuning results in the decrease of the oscillating frequency of the time evolution curve. The influences of the atom-field coupling constant and the mean photon number on the statistic properties of photon are noticeable. The correlation of the two modes of light is non-classical all the time.

In Clifford algebra, the hyperbolic imaginary unit j(j²=1, j≠1, j^*= -j) was used to establish the hyperbolic Minkowski space. We can define the hyperbolic norm and algebra structure in the non\|Euclidean space, which can be applied to the discussion of the physical problem of relativity theory.

Basis on the characters of the OLED and poly-Si TFT, the values of the device parameters in the poly-Si TFT AM-OLED pixel circuit w ere determined by means of calculation and simulation. The pixel circuit was sim ulated with the software aim-spice, and the values of the device parameters wer e optimized.

This paper presents theoretical analysis for the effect of air squeeze film damping on a micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems (MOEMS) optical switch with a slant lower electrode.Analytical formulae for the squeeze film damping coefficient and the squeeze film damping moment on the cant ilever beam of the optical switch are derived. According to solving the dynamic equation, the effect of the air squeeze film damping on the switching time is given.

Intensity degradation is a common problem in noise filtering for fluorescein angiogram sequences. In this paper a new filter model, extended adaptive weighted averaging (EAWA) filter is proposed for the purpose of reducing noise of a fluorescein angiogram sequence by adopting the method of adaptive weighted averaging and the idea of order statistic filter. The EAWA filter is a flexible filter model, by which even a particular filter can be designed via defining pixel of interest (POI) and the sub-support of the filter accord ing to some specified requirements. Based on the EAWA filter model, a fluorescei n-angiogram-oriented filter, HIP filter is introduced to solve the problem of high-intensity preservation on filtering noise. The results of the contrast experiment show that the HIP filter has the features of frame-averaging, which can achieve noise suppression efficiently, and the features of high-intensity preservation for bright pixels, which can keep the intensities of bright pixels from degrading via distributing the weights adaptively according to the inte nsity of each pixel.

The burst and g-r (generation-recombination) noise in high-power quantum well semiconductor lasers were studied theoretically and experimentally. The results indicate that they are related with the aging current.Maybe they come from the same defects source. If the aging current is much larger than the threshold current I_th, the burst noise and the g-r noise will be induced, even multi-g-r noise appears. By comparing the characteristic parameters of optic and electric derivative curves before and after aging, it is discovered that the device which produces burst and g-r noise after aging is failure device. The reasons of producing burst, g-r noise and multi-g-r noise are discussed on the basis of the theory of the defect energy level Et and the variation of the height of the potential barrier of p-n junction.

Electrochemical generation of active chlorine in diluted and concentrated NaCl solutions was investigated at Ti/PbO₂ anode. The active chlorine yielded by the electrolysis was significantly affected by the concentration of chloride ions, temperature, current density, pH, electrode material, diaphragm. The effects of above mentioned factors are comparatively different in diluted and concentrated NaCl solutions. It was found that the active chlorine produced in the solution was consistently higher at Ti/Ru-Ti-Sn oxide coated titanium anodes than that at Ti/PbO₂ anodes. The results may provide as much information as poss ible for the practical use of electrochemical treatment of industry wastewaters.

In an H type of electrolytic cell, with benzene as the starting material, H₂SO₄ as the supporting electrolyte, PbO₂ as the anode material, graphite as the cathode material, para quinone was synthesized by means of the direct electrooxidation technique. We studied all the affecting factors on dire ct electrooxidation of benzene, such as anode and cathode materials, supporting electrolyte, current density, pH value, concentration of benzene, temperature of electrolysis, ti me of electrolysis, surface area of electrode and so on, and obtained the good electrosynthetic conditions.

We have applied partial least squares (PLS) to establish a calibration model, the precision of which is verified by cross-validation. Via adopting optimum wavelength to calibrate, a satisfactory model has been established. In this model, the correlation coefficient in methanol determination is 0.999 91, the root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) is 0.431; in ethanol de termination, the correlation coefficient is up to 0.999　98, and the RMSECV is 0.193. Compared with that of gas chromatography, the relative error of the sample determination results is not more than 3.505%.

Iron-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles were prepared via a new synthetic route.　 The photocatalytic activity was examined by the photocatalytic degradation of h eptylene.　The effects of iron dopant on the crystal structure, absorption character of light and chemical feature of the surface were studied by XRD， UV-vis and XPS techniques respectively.　The results indicate that the iron doping enlarges the absorption band of visible light of pure TiO₂, thus the efficiency of absorption of light is increased. The amount of iron dopant and the calcination temperature have a great effect on the photocatalytic activity of iron-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles.　The highest photocatalytic activity of iron-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles is the highest when the molar ratio of Fe to Ti is 0.5% and the calcination temperature is 300 ℃.

Colloidal Au nano-crystalline in aqueous phase was synthesized and analyzed by means of TEM (about 29 nm). When several drops of this solution were dropped onto a clean silicon wafer(110), a snowflake or dendrite fractal structure formed with water vaporized under natural circumstances. Such structures were investigated by virtue of optical microscope and AFM. The mechanisms of Au nano-crystalline fractal growth on silicon surface were discussed.

Oligosaccharide Lewis A mimic peptide as specific inhibitor was selected to investigate the possibility of the inhibition of inflammation by preventing E-selectin from binding to its ligand. The mice were injected intraperitoneally(i_p) with single-dose Zymosan. The phages expressing oligosaccharide Lewis A mimic peptide IELLQAR or synthetic peptide IELLQAR were separately injected into the mice tail vein after injection of Zymogan for 3 h, and the control was phages not expressing IELLQAR or BSA. Compared with control experiments, the statistically significant reduction of neutrophil recruitment entering into the intraperitoneal cavity was observed upon administration of the phage-displaying peptide or synthetic peptide in a murine acute inflammation model in vivo To confirm these results, MPO activity was measured spectrophotometrically as an absorbance rate in the homogenates of cells collected from the peritoneal cavity. The reduction of enzymatic activity observed was in parallel with the decrease of neutrophil numbers assessed by total neutrophil count Together with above results, the injection of oligosaccharide Lewis A mimic peptide IELLQAR can inhibit acute inflammation by preventing E-selectin from binding to its ligand.

In view of the uncertainty of each parameter in the model of Dillion, the parameters were managed by using the theory of blind number and blind number mean. The permissible input of total phosphorus of Lu Lake in Guangzhou and the credible level were calculated. Compared with the classical method, the blind number method is more reasonable and credible according to the results of the sample.

The adsorption behaviors of Pb, Cd, Cu, Co and Ni onto natural suface coatings (biofilms and associated minerals, collected in the Nanhu Lake, Changchun, China) with and without competing metal ions were examined in this study. The results show that there is always competition between the two metals in the binary systems, especially between Ni and Co. In the system of all the five metal s present, the interference of adsorption among the five metals is more signifi cant than those in the binary systems. But for each metal, this reduction of adsorption capacity is less than the summary of the interfering effects of two metals calculated from the binary systems. The results also indicate that the adsorption sequence of these metals onto surface coatings in the five metal system is in agreement with that of in single metal system.