Abstract:

Exosomes are a class of membranous vesicles containing lipids， nucleic acids， and proteins， which are capable of transporting various bioactive molecules and play key regulatory roles in physiological and pathological processes. With in-depth research into the mechanisms of action， exosomes have been demonstrated to possess the potential diagnostic and therapeutic value in oral diseases. Liquid biopsy techniques based on the extraction of exosomes from body fluids such as saliva， serum， and plasma have revealed the broad potential for exosomes in the early diagnosis and disease progression monitoring of oral conditions. In diseases such as oral squamous cell carcinoma， periodontitis， oral lichen planus， and primary Sj?gren’s syndrome， components carried by exosomes， including microRNA （miRNA） and proteins， exhibit characteristic differences in their expressions， thereby holding potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Furthermore， the diverse functions of exosomes in promoting tissue regeneration， modulating immunity， and delivering drugs have opened new avenues for the treatment of oral diseases such as pulpitis， periodontitis， and tissue injuries. This article provided an in-depth discussion of the advances in the application of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases， aiming to offer a theoretical foundation for the prevention， diagnosis， and management of these conditions.

Key words: Exosome, Oral disease, Liquid biopsy, Biomarker, Tissue regeneration, Immune regulation, Drug delivery