吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 903-911.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20180102

• • 上一篇    下一篇

运动参数对草地切根刀具与土壤作用关系的影响

梁方1,2(),尤泳3,4(),王德成3,4,王光辉3,4,贺长彬3,李帅3   

  1. 1. 华中农业大学 工学院，武汉 430070
    2. 农业部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室，武汉430070
    3. 中国农业大学 工学院，北京 100083
    4. 中国农业大学 农业部土壤?机器?植物系统技术重点实验室，北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-26 出版日期:2019-05-01 发布日期:2019-07-12
  • 通讯作者: 尤泳 E-mail:liangfang101@sina.com;youyong@cau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:梁方(1985?)，男，讲师，博士.研究方向：耕整地机械装备设计与试验,机械土壤作用关系.E?mail:liangfang101@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2662015QD010);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51405493)

Effect of dynamic parameters on relationship between root‑cutting blade and soil in grassland

Fang LIANG1,2(),Yong YOU3,4(),De‑cheng WANG3,4,Guang‑hui WANG3,4,Chang‑bin HE3,Shuai LI3   

  1. 1. College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid?lower YangtzeＲiver, Ministry of Agriculture，Wuhan 430070，China
    3. College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
    4. Key Laboratory of Soil?machine?plant System of Chinese Agriculture Ministry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2018-01-26 Online:2019-05-01 Published:2019-07-12
  • Contact: Yong YOU E-mail:liangfang101@sina.com;youyong@cau.edu.cn

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摘要：

为降低切根刀具与土壤的相互作用力和功耗，优化刀轴转速与前进速度的匹配关系，通过土槽试验，得到速比（刀尖点线速度与机组行进速度的比值）分别为16.9、20.7、24.5、28.2、32.0时，不同前进速度（0.5、 1、 1.4 m/s）与转速（根据速比与前进速度计算得到）组合下的扭矩、比功耗（单位体积功耗）和总功率。分析发现，同一速比下，对应的扭矩变异系数分别为2.4%、5.2%、1.7%、7.5%、3.9%，对应的比功耗变异系数分别为1.0%、3.4%、8.8%、2.7%、2.7%，这表明在速比一定时，扭矩与比功耗同运动参数组合无关，仅由速比决定。因此，建立了速比与扭矩，速比与比功耗，速比、刀轴转速与总功率的数学关系，并通过速比与切土节距的关系，分析了产生上述规律的原因。根据建立的数学关系，在16~32的速比范围内求其极值，得到在速比分别为27.41和26.31时，扭矩和比功耗分别取得最小值90.79 N·m和6369 kJ/m3；在速比为28、转速取最小值200 r·min－1时，总功率取得最小值2362 W。速比为26.31时，即比功耗取得最小值时，扭矩和总功率均接近最小值（与最小值分别相差1.2%和4.2%），是草地切根作业适宜速比。

关键词: 农业工程, 切根刀具, 运动参数, 速比, 土槽试验, 扭矩, 比功耗, 总功率

Abstract:

To reduce the interaction force and power consumption between the blade and soil in the grassland, and also to optimize the matching relationship between the rotation speed of the forward speed, the study investigated the effect of five velocity ratio(the ratio of the line velocity of the blade point to the forward speed) of five levels(16.9、20.7、24.5、28.2、32.0) on the torque, specific work(power consumption per volume), and the total power though the soil bin test. At each velocity ratio, there were three different combines of the forward speed (0.5, 1, 1.4 m/s) and different rotation speed calculated by the ratio and the forward speed. The results showed that the torque coefficient of variation were just 2.4%, 5.2%, 1.7%, 7.5%, 3.9% respectively, the specific work coefficient of variation were just 1.0%, 3.4%, 8.8%, 2.7%, 2.7% respectively when the velocity ratio was constant, demonstrating that the torque and the specific work were independent of the combines of the forward speed and the rotation speed, it was just determined by the velocity ratio. So the relationship between the velocity ratio and the torque, the relationship between the velocity ratio and the specific work, and the relationship among the total power, the rotary speed, and the velocity ratio were built. What’s more, to explain the relationships above, the relationship between the torque and the bite length, and the relationship between the specific work and the bite length were built. According to the relationships built above, the minimum torque was 90.79 Nm when the velocity ratio was 27.41, the minimum specific work was 6369 kJ/m3 when the velocity ratio was 26.31, the total power was 2362 W when the velocity ratio was 28 and the lowest rotation speed was 200 r·min－1. When the value of the velocity ratio was around 26.31 at which the specific work was minimal, the torque and the total power were both close to the minimum(with the difference of 1.2% and 4.2% from the minimum respectively), so that value was the most suitable velocity ratio for root?cutting in the grassland.

Key words: agricultural engineering, root?cutting blade, dynamic parameters, velocity ratio, soil?bin test, torque, specific work, total power

中图分类号: 

  • S222.3

图 1

刀具参数"

图 2

试验系统示意图"

表1

运动参数对刀具与土壤作用关系的影响"

试验

序号

运动参数刀具?土壤作用关系
速比λ

前进速度/

(m·s－1)

转速/

(r·min－1)

牵引力/ N扭矩/（N·m）扭矩均值/（N·m）牵引功率/W

PTO

功率/W

总功率/W比功耗/(kJ·m-3)

比功耗

均值/(kJ·m-3)

116.90.52532691851901354901503683938495
2150615619115610120102768563
31.470313219418514281144668528
420.70.53098561371444284433486181018142
51618208143208925494627885
61.486035215249313688141818441
724.50.536521186871063287339256546089
8173145587455665971145923
91.4100013289156931994756691
1028.20.54211899096953968406267706981
11184314894148829884467038
121.18100012910415211937120897135
1332.00.54784441071102225356557892969479

14

15

195628311328311312115959662
----------

图3

扭矩与速比关系"

图4

扭矩与切土节距的关系"

图5

比功耗与速比的关系"

图6

比功耗与切土节距的关系"

图7

不同速比下转速与总功耗的关系图"

图8

总功率与速比及转速的关系图"

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