质子交换膜燃料电池氢气供应系统的建模及匹配设计

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20220344

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）供氢系统供气充分且氢压响应迅速的要求，提出了供氢系统零部件匹配设计方法。首先，采用机理和半经验建模相结合的方法建立了燃料电池氢气供应系统集总参数模型，并结合该模型提出了氢气供应系统的匹配设计方法。为验证匹配设计方法的合理性，针对一80 kW电堆进行了仿真分析。结果表明：在前馈+PI控制策略作用下，从怠速阶跃至额定工况的阳极压力上升时间为0.5 s、超调量为3 kPa；排氢扰动作用下压力波动小于0.8 kPa；额定工况引射器的引射比为2.14；泄压阀流量足以保证电堆安全运行。该匹配方法满足了供氢系统动态响应、氢气循环、安全特性的需求，为质子交换膜燃料电池氢气供应系统的选型匹配提供了理论基础。

关键词: 质子交换膜燃料电池, 氢气供应系统, 匹配设计, 机理建模, 引射器

Abstract:

Aiming at the requirement of sufficient gas supply and rapid response to hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen supply system of proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a matching design method for the components of the hydrogen supply system was proposed. First， the method of mechanism modeling and semi-empirical modeling was used to establish the lumped parameter model of the hydrogen supply system of proton exchange membrane fuel cell， and the selection scheme of the hydrogen supply system was proposed. In order to verify the rationality of the selection scheme， a simulation was carried out for an 80 kW stack. The results show that under the action of the feedforward+PI control strategy, the anode pressure rise time from the idle speed step to the rated operating condition is 0.5 s, and the overshoot is 3 kPa. The pressure fluctuation under the action of hydrogen discharge disturbance is less than 0.8 kPa; The ejector ratio of the ejector is 2.14. The flow rate of the pressure relief valve is sufficient to ensure the safe operation of the stack. The matching method meets the requirements of the dynamic response, hydrogen circulation and safety characteristics of the hydrogen supply system, and provides a theoretical basis for the selection and matching of the hydrogen supply system of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

Key words: proton exchange membrane fuel cell（PEMFC）, hydrogen supply system, selection scheme, mechanism modeling, ejector

中图分类号:

U469.72

陈凤祥,张俊宇,裴冯来,侯明涛,李其朋,李培庆,王洋洋,张卫东. 质子交换膜燃料电池氢气供应系统的建模及匹配设计[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2022, 52(9): 1982-1995.

Feng-xiang CHEN,Jun-yu ZHANG,Feng-lai PEI,Ming-tao HOU,Qi-peng LI,Pei-qing LI,Yang-yang WANG,Wei-dong ZHANG. Modeling and selection scheme of proton exchange membrane fuel cell hydrogen supply system[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2022, 52(9): 1982-1995.

图/表 19

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表1

80 kW电堆结构参数"

电堆结构参数	数值
电堆质量 $m s t$ /kg	70
电池单体片数 $N c e l l$ /片	370
阴极体积 $V c a$ /L	5
阳极体积 $V a n$ /L	2.5
阳极压力上限 $p a n_m a x$ /10⁶ Pa	2.8

表1

表2

80 kW电堆工况参数表"

参数	数值
额定电流 $I r a t e d$ /A	300
额定电压 $U r a t e d$ /V	0.69
额定温度 $T a n_r a t e d$ /K	358
额定点阳极压力 $p a n_r a t e d$ /10⁶ Pa	2.4
额定点阳极循环比 $λ a n_r a t e d$	2.2
峰值电流 $I p e a k$ /A	480
峰值电压 $U p e a k$ /V	0.61
峰值温度 $T a n_p e a k$ /K	362.2
峰值阳极压力 $p a n_p e a k$ /10⁶ Pa	2.58
峰值点阳极循环比 $λ a n_p e a k$	2
压力上升时间（峰值工况） $t a n_r i s e$ /s	1
怠速电流 $I i d l e$ /A	30
怠速电压 $U i d l e$ /V	0.8
怠速温度 $T a n_i d l e$ /K	327
怠速阳极压力 $p a n_i d l e$ /10⁶ Pa	1.165

表2

表3

氢气供应系统压力边界"

压力边界	数值
气源压力（减压阀后压力）/10⁶ Pa	20
调压比例阀前端压力 $p h r v_i n$ /10⁶ Pa	15
引射器驱动端压力 $p h e j_d r$ /10⁶ Pa	10
峰值流量下水分离器压降/kPa	≤15

表3

表4

学森能源科技水分离器参数表"

参数	性能指标
适用介质	氢气、液态水、液态水混合物
介质温度/℃	-40~85
工作压力/10⁶ Pa	1~3
压降/kPa	$≤$ 5 （605 L/min）
分离效率/%	$≥$ 90

表4

图7

图8

表5

图9

表6

图10

图11

图12

图13

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零部件型号参数		数值
氢进开关阀流量系数kv^hsv/（m·h^-1）		0.12
调压比例阀流量系数kv^hrv/（m·h^-1）		0.15
排氢排水阀流量系数kv^hpv/（m·h^-1）		0.13
引射器	最大流量/（L·min^-1）	1254
	驱动喷管直径d^hej_dr/mm	1.84
	最大引射比	2.5
水分离器	参考压降Δp^wsp_ref/kPa	5
水分离器	参考流量Q^wsp_ref/（L·min^-1）	605
泄压阀	开启压力/10⁶ Pa	2.8
泄压阀	开启流量/（L·min^-1）	1500

期望阳极压力/Pa	P系数	I系数
1.165×10⁵	2.17×10^-2	8.74×10^-3
2.400×10⁵	7.68×10^-2	4.00×10^-2
2.580×10⁵	1.24×10^-1	2.58×10^-2

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