采用聚乳酸复合材料的汽车零件多材料优化设计

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20180797

吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5): 1385-1391.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20180797

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采用聚乳酸复合材料的汽车零件多材料优化设计

马芳武^1,²(),韩露^1,²,周阳³,王世英⁴,蒲永锋^1,²()

1. 吉林大学汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室, 长春 130022
2. 吉林大学青岛汽车研究院, 山东青岛 266000
3. 中国一汽轿车整车开发部, 长春 130031
4. 中国第一汽车集团有限公司研发总院试验所, 长春 130031

收稿日期:2018-07-30 出版日期:2019-09-01 发布日期:2019-09-11
通讯作者: 蒲永锋 E-mail:mikema@jlu.edu.cn;puyongfeng@jlu.edu.cn
作者简介:马芳武(1960-),男,教授,博士生导师.研究方向:汽车轻量化,NVH和智能化技术.E-mail:mikema@jlu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB0101601);吉林省省校共建计划专项项目(SXGJQY2017-2-1-5)

Multi material optimal design of vehicle product using polylactic acid composites

Fang-wu MA^1,²(),Lu HAN^1,²,Yang ZHOU³,Shi-ying WANG⁴,Yong-feng PU^1,²()

1. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
2. Qingdao Automotive Research Institute, Jilin University, Qingdao 266000, China
3. FAW Vehicle Development Department, Changchun 130031, China
4. China FAW Group CO. , LTD. Product Development and Research Center Vehicle Test Department, Changchun 130031, China

Received:2018-07-30 Online:2019-09-01 Published:2019-09-11
Contact: Yong-feng PU E-mail:mikema@jlu.edu.cn;puyongfeng@jlu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以玄武岩纤维为增强材料，增强聚乳酸拉伸力学性能使其满足汽车非金属产品的力学性能要求，同时利用多材料方法设计产品，实现轻量化。首先研究了玄武岩纤维含量与其复合材料的关系，通过多材料设计方法并以零件的实际工况为设计条件对产品进行再设计。利用多岛遗传算法（MIGA）与遗传算法-响应面（GA?RSM）模型结合的优化方法寻求最优材料参数组合。结果表明：玄武岩纤维可提高聚乳酸的力学性能，GA?RSM模型在预测值时有较高的精确性，通过以上设计方法，使零件质量降低了9%。以上结果证明了聚乳酸复合材料可作为石油基材料的替代品应用到汽车产品研发中；多材料设计结合MIGA的方法可实现汽车产品轻量化。

关键词: 车辆工程, 聚乳酸复合材料, 多材料设计, 多岛遗传算法, 遗传算法?响应面模型

Abstract:

In this paper, basalt fiber was used to improve the tensile properties to satisfy the requirement in automotive design. Meanwhile, Multi material design was applied in this case to achieve lightweight. The relationship between the fiber weight and the tensile properties was studied. Operation condition was obtained from reliability test in the proving ground using as constraints in Multi material design. The optimal process with combination of Multi-island Genetic Algorithm (MIGA) and Genetic Algoritm—Response Surface Method (GA-RSM) was used to search the optimal solution. The results show that basalt fiber has positive effect on improving the tensile properties. With the Multi material design and optimal process, the mass of the product is reduced by near 9%. It can be concluded that PLA composites is suitable for replacing the petroleum based materials in automotive and lightweight can be achieved with the combination of multi material design and MIGA.

Key words: vehicle engineering, polylactic acid composites, multi material design, multi-island genetic algorithm(MIGA), genetic algorithm?response surface methodology(GA-RSM)

中图分类号:

马芳武,韩露,周阳,王世英,蒲永锋. 采用聚乳酸复合材料的汽车零件多材料优化设计[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2019, 49(5): 1385-1391.

Fang-wu MA,Lu HAN,Yang ZHOU,Shi-ying WANG,Yong-feng PU. Multi material optimal design of vehicle product using polylactic acid composites[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2019, 49(5): 1385-1391.

图/表 13

图1

表1

图2

图3

表2

PLA/BF的参数预测值"

纤维含量/%	密度/(g·cm^-3)	弹性模量/MPa
0	1.2500	1384
1	1.2625	1486
2	1.2750	1586
3	1.2875	1680
4	1.3000	1769
5	1.3125	1852
6	1.3250	1932
$?$	$?$	$?$
58	1.9750	4546
59	1.9875	4430
60	2.0000	4294

表2

图4

图5

图6

图7

表3

表4

拟合样本点及测试点"

样本	No.	x₁	x₂	x₃	x₄	y₁	y₂	y₃	y₄	y₅
拟合	1	35	17	37	39	239	7.28	5.8	0.51	155
	2	28	10	55	54	231	8.17	6.47	0.59	142
	3	16	42	48	53	260	4.7	3.8	0.58	183
	$?$	$?$	$?$	$?$	$?$	$?$	$?$	$?$	$?$	$?$
测试	51	36	56	36	52	258	5.55	4.32	0.74	181
	$?$	$?$	$?$	$?$	$?$	$?$	$?$	$?$	$?$	$?$
	61	10	48	52	7	275	4.57	3.88	0.65	185

表4

表5

表6

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纤维含量/%	密度/(g·cm^-3)	拉伸强度/MPa	弹性模量/MPa	变异系数/%
0	1.250	72.0	1384.6	4.4
10	1.375	89.1	2209.6	5.9
20	1.500	109.6	2878.7	1.9
30	1.625	124.3	3742.9	4.2
40	1.750	138.2	4362.5	3.9
50	1.875	140.8	5005.9	2.8
60	2.000	136.1	4350.5	3.1

参数	数值
Sub?population size	10
Number of Islands	16
Number of Generations	16
Rate of crossover	1.0
Rate of migration	0.01
Interval of migrations	5
Penalty multiplier	1000
Penalty exponent	2
Maximum failed runs	5

响应	预测精度
响应	R²	RSME
y₁	0.976	5.6608
y₂	0.986	0.3335
y₃	0.983	0.267
y₄	0.989	0.0204
y₅	0.976	3.25

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采用聚乳酸复合材料的汽车零件多材料优化设计

Multi material optimal design of vehicle product using polylactic acid composites

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参数	x₁	x₂	x₃	x₄	y₁	y₂	y₃	y₄	y₅
优化	20.2	17.2	21.0	4.6	229	8.2	6.7	0.64	157
FEA	20	17	21	5	229	8.0	6.7	0.65	155
误差/%					0	2	1	1	1
约束						8.3	6.8	0.67	50