基于制动试验台架的多轴车轴荷自调系统设计

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20180246

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对多轴车在滚筒反力式制动检验台上进行制动检测时，存在车轮对制动台上滚筒的压力过大或过小甚至完全被架空的问题，设计了一种自动调整车辆轴荷的检测系统。该系统基于Solidworks软件设计出的轴荷自调式升降装置，以四轴车为例，运用Adams虚拟样机技术构建车辆-台架多体动力学仿真模型，通过仿真依次得到检测轴的高度?轴荷变化曲线，结合所建立的多轴车轴荷分配模型，自动调整非检测轴所在高度，实现改变检测轴轴荷的目的。为验证仿真模型的准确性，进行了实车对比试验，同时为验证整个检测系统的可行性，用5种不同整备质量的重型载货汽车进行检验。结果表明：仿真结果与实车试验最大误差为4.47%，5种车型各轴相对误差均小于5%，满足实际检测要求。

关键词: 车辆工程, 多轴车, 轴荷自调, 虚拟样机, 轴荷分配

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems that the pressure of wheels apply on Anti-force Roller Brake Tester is over large or over small, or even completely overhead for the test of multi-axle tractor braking performance, a detecting system for automatic adjustment of axle load was designed. This system was based on the Solidworks software designed for the axle load self-adjusting lifting device. Taking the four axles truck for example, a vehicle-tester multibody dynamic simulation model was developed in Adams virtual prototype technology. Through the simulation, the axis load-height changing curve was obtained in turn. Combined with the established model of axle load distribution for multi-axle vehicles, the height of the non-detection axis was automatically adjusted to realize the purpose of changing the axle load of the testing axle. To verify the accuracy of the simulation model, a real truck comparison test was carried out. At the same time, in order to verify the feasibility of the detection system, tests of five types of trucks with different curb weight was carried out. The results indicate that the maximum error between the established model and vehicle test is 4.47%, and the relative errors are less than 5% by five types of trucks, meeting the practical test requirement.

Key words: vehicle engineering, multi?axle vehicle, axle load self?adjustment, virtual prototype, axle load distribution

中图分类号:

U472.9

张立斌,吴岛,单洪颖,邓祥敬. 基于制动试验台架的多轴车轴荷自调系统设计[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2019, 49(4): 1081-1091.

Li⁃bin ZHANG,Dao WU,Hong⁃ying SHAN,Xiang⁃jing DENG. Design of axle load self⁃adjusting system for multi⁃axle vehicle based on brake tester[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2019, 49(4): 1081-1091.

图/表 16

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图4

图5

图6

表1

图7

表2

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

表3

表4

各轴理论轴荷与实际轴荷"

车型	轴重制动复合试验台所测轴荷 $G e x p i$ /kg				轴重试验台测得的实际轴荷 $G s t i$ /kg
车型	一轴	二轴	三轴	四轴	一轴	二轴	三轴	四轴
东风牌EQ3240VP4	2672	2900	3357	3542	2574	2902	3421	3574
欧曼牌BJ3247DLPJC?S	2821	3040	3512	3683	2872	3084	3552	3548
福田牌BJ3288DMPHC?1	2962	3351	3968	4249	2915	3285	4054	4276
解放牌CA3300P1K2L3T4EA80	3164	3534	4070	4307	3097	3489	4066	4423
重汽豪沃ZZ3317N3567D1	3609	3949	4608	4862	3684	3978	4534	4832

表4

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参数	数值
整备质量/kg	13810
额定载质量/kg	14490
驾驶员质量/kg	65
一、二轴钢板悬架刚度/(N·m^-1)	426087
三、四轴钢板悬架刚度/(N·m^-1)	3362745
弹簧片数	10、10、11
轮胎刚度/(N·m^-1)	1209000
轮胎阻尼系数/ (N·s·m^-1)	50
货箱尺寸/m	6.4×2.3×1.19
整车尺寸/m	9.11×2.49×3.26
轴距/m	1800+2850+1380
轮胎半径/m	0.565
轮胎宽度/m	0.195

序号	Part?1	Part?2	约束名称
1	升降装置	地面	固定副
2	制动试验台	地面	固定副
4	升降装置底座	空气弹簧	固定副
5	车轮（一轴）	滚筒	接触副
6	车轮（二轴）	升降装置举升板	接触副
7	车轮（三轴、四轴）	地面	接触副
8	升降装置举升板	空气弹簧	移动副
9	滚筒	滚筒轴承	旋转副
10	四轴车各车轮	四轴车各轴	旋转副

轴名称	非检测轴升高过程		非检测轴下降过程
轴名称	误差最大值/kg	相对误差/%	误差最大值/kg	相对误差/%
第一轴	138.73	4.47	111.60	3.60
第二轴	117.11	3.99	82.05	2.78
第三轴	56.16	1.43	31.22	0.79
第四轴	80.72	1.98	56.10	1.38