吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 2180-2192.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20231144

• 车辆工程·机械工程 • 上一篇    

金属熔丝成型复合丝材流体动力学特性

姜世杰1,2(),李曙光1,许子沼1,王菲1   

  1. 1.东北大学 机械工程与自动化学院，沈阳 110819
    2.东北大学 辽宁省机械装备动力学可靠性重点实验室，沈阳 110819
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-23 出版日期:2025-07-01 发布日期:2025-09-12
  • 作者简介:姜世杰（1985-），男，副教授，博士. 研究方向：熔丝成型增材制造技术. E-mail： jiangsj@me.neu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费项目(N2303019)

Rheological property of composite filament in metal fused filament fabrication process

Shi-jie JIANG1,2(),Shu-guang LI1,Zi-zhao XU1,Fei WANG1   

  1. 1.School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation，Northeastern University，Shenyang 110819，China
    2.Key Laboratory of Dynamics Reliability of Mechanical Equipment of Liaoning Province，Northeastern University，Shenyang 110819，China
  • Received:2023-10-23 Online:2025-07-01 Published:2025-09-12

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摘要：

针对影响金属熔丝成型复合丝材质量的流体动力学问题，首先自制3种不同高填充率的17-4PH不锈钢粉末/聚合物复合丝材，并利用快速成型设备进行生坯样件的成型研究，分析了复合丝材的可成型性条件。其次，通过自主搭建的实验平台对成型过程中不同金属粉末填充率熔融复合丝材的压降进行测量，进而分析了相关流体动力学特性参数的实验结果。再次，建立了熔融材料的流体动力学解析模型，完成了相应特性参数的理论解析，通过理论与实验结果的对比，验证了所建解析模型的正确性，阐明了熔融材料流体动力学特性的机理。最后，针对解析模型进行敏感性分析，探究了过程参数对流体动力学特性的影响规律。结果表明：自制的复合丝材可以成型出质量良好的生坯样件；熔融材料的流体动力学特性参数随着金属粉末填充率的增大而逐渐增大；理论与实验结果吻合度较好，验证了解析模型的正确性；在讨论的参数范围内喷嘴直径对熔融材料的流动行为影响最为显著，其次是成型速度，而熔融温度的影响相对最弱。

关键词: 机械工程, 金属熔丝成型增材制造技术, 17-4PH不锈钢/聚合物复合丝材, 流体动力学特性, 解析模型

Abstract:

Concerning the rheological problems affecting the quality of composite filament in metal fused filament fabrication， Firstly， self-made three types of 17-4PH stainless steel powder/polymer composite filaments with different high filling rate were studied in this paper， rapid prototyping equipment was used to conduct molding research on green samples， and the formability conditions of the composite filaments were canalized. Secondly， the pressure drop of the molten composite filament with different metal powder filling ratio during the shaping process was measured by the self-constructed experimental platform， and the test results of the relevant rheological properties were analyzed. Thirdly， an rheological property model of the molten material was established， and the theoretical analysis on the corresponding characteristic parameters was completed. Through the comparison between the theoretical and experimental results， the correctness of the theoretical model was verified， and the mechanism of the rheological properties of molten materlals were elucidated. Finally， a sensitivity analysis was carried out on the analytical model to investigate the influence of processing parameters on rheological property. The results show that the self-made composite filament can be used to form good-quality green samples； the rheological property parameters of the molten material gradually increase with the increasing filling ratio of the metal powder； the theoretical and experimental results are in good agreement， validating the correctness of the analytical model； the nozzle diameter has the most significant effect on the melt flow behavior of the molten material in the discussed parameter ranges， followed by the building speed， while the effect of the molten temperature is relatively weak.

Key words: mechanical engineering, metal fused filament fabrication, 17-4PH stainless steel/polymer composite filament, rheological property, analytical model

中图分类号: 

  • TH145.9

图1

17-4PH不锈钢粉末粒度分布"

表1

17-4PH不锈钢粉末颗粒属性 (μm)"

D10D50D90
17.41730.66352.869

图2

MFFF生坯样件"

表2

过程参数设置"

过程参数数值
熔融温度/℃240
成型速度/（mm·s-1）10
层厚/mm0.25
床温/℃90
喷嘴直径/mm0.4
填充比例/%100
填充方式直线填充

图3

生坯样件静力学实验"

表3

静力学实验过程参数"

实验名称实验标准加载速度/（mm·min-1）夹持力/MPa实验次数
拉伸实验ISO527—4：2023525
压缩实验ASTM—6951—5
弯曲实验ISO178—20012—5

图4

熔融材料流体动力学特性测试系统"

图5

电压-压降转化曲线"

图6

嘴头几何形状示意图"

表4

热熔喷嘴符号释义"

符号释义数值
D1/mm区域Ⅰ处的直径1.75
D2/mm区域Ⅲ处的直径0.4
L1/mm区域Ⅰ处的长度10
L2/mm区域Ⅲ处的长度0.6
θ/（°）喷嘴的收缩角60

图7

喷嘴区域Ⅰ几何形状及内部流体流动示意图"

图8

喷嘴区域Ⅰ剪切应力分布"

图9

自制的17-4PH不锈钢粉末/聚合物复合丝材"

图10

自制复合丝材成型的生坯样件"

表5

不同17-4PH不锈钢粉末填充率生坯样件静力学实验结果"

金属粉末

体积填充率/%

拉伸实验压缩实验弯曲实验
平均最大拉伸力/N平均拉伸强度/MPa

平均拉

伸模量/MPa

平均断裂应变/%

平均最大

压缩力/N

平均压缩强度/MPa平均压缩模量/MPa平均最大弯曲力/N平均弯曲强度/MPa平均弯曲模量/MPa平均断裂应变/%
40359.59.0530.34.016 853.354.1533.826.716.1601.22.79
45351.98.8615.23.305 421.142.8628.724.514.7746.32.01
50332.88.3751.12.164 171.632.9725.420.312.2905.41.48

图11

不同17-4PH不锈钢粉末填充率生坯样件静力学性能"

图12

不同金属粉末填充率丝材的表观黏度与剪切速率的关系"

表6

不同金属粉末填充率丝材的稠度系数与非牛顿指数"

体积填充率/%Kn
40730.60.533 4
451 2250.510 2
502 0970.496 8

图13

不同金属粉末填充率熔融复合丝材流体动力学特性参数的理论和实验结果"

表7

不同金属粉末填充率熔融复合丝材流体动力学特性参数理论与实验结果对比"

体积填充率/%参数理论预测值实验测试值相对误差/%
40压降/kPa398.01428.727.16
剪切应力/kPa13.6714.717.07
表观黏度/（Pa·s）56.0960.447.19
45压降/kPa598.83650.157.89
剪切应力/kPa20.3622.127.96
表观黏度/（Pa·s）82.0989.228.00
50压降/kPa963.231 048.108.10
剪切应力/kPa32.5435.388.03
表观黏度/（Pa·s）129.83141.017.93

表8

模型敏感性测试参数"

参数值1值2值3
喷嘴直径/mm0.4（默认）0.60.8
熔融温度/℃240（默认）250260
成型速度/（mm·s-1）10（默认）1520

图14

喷嘴直径对不同金属粉末填充率熔融材料流体动力学特性参数的影响"

表9

喷嘴直径对不同金属粉末填充率熔融材料流体动力学特性参数影响结果"

体积填充率/%参数喷嘴直径/mm
0.4（默认值）0.60.8
40压降/kPa398.01161.2192.78
增幅/%—-59.49-76.69
剪切应力/kPa13.677.144.51
增幅/%—-47.77-67.00
表观黏度/（Pa·s）56.0999.93147.99
增幅/%—78.16163.84
45压降/kPa598.83250.98147.83
增幅/%—-58.09-75.32
剪切应力/kPa20.3610.957.05
增幅/%—-46.22-65.37
表观黏度/（Pa·s）82.09148.95227.31
增幅/%—81.45176.9
50压降/kPa963.23411.76245.75
增幅/%—-58.25-74.49
剪切应力/kPa32.5417.7811.58
增幅/%—-45.36-64.41
表观黏度/（Pa·s）129.83239.45369.67
增幅/%—84.43184.73

图15

熔融温度对不同金属粉末填充率熔融材料流体动力学特性参数的影响"

表10

熔融温度对不同金属粉末填充率熔融材料流体动力学特性参数影响结果"

体积填充率/%参数熔融温度/℃
240（默认值）250260
40压降/kPa398.01397.01396.05
增幅/%—-0.25-0.49
剪切应力/kPa13.6713.6413.60
增幅/%—-0.22-0.51
表观黏度/（Pa·s）56.0955.9455.81
增幅/%—-0.27-0.5
45压降/kPa598.83597.33595.88
增幅/%—-0.25-0.49
剪切应力/kPa20.3620.3120.26
增幅/%—-0.25-0.49
表观黏度/（Pa·s）82.0981.8881.69
增幅/%—-0.26-0.49
50压降/kPa963.23960.81958.49
增幅/%—-0.25-0.49
剪切应力/kPa32.5432.4632.38
增幅 /%—-0.25-0.49
表观黏度/（Pa·s）129.83129.51129.20
增幅/%—-0.25-0.49

图16

成型速度对不同金属粉末填充率熔融材料流体动力学特性参数的影响"

表11

成型速度对不同金属粉末填充率熔融材料流体动力学特性参数影响结果"

体积填充率/%参数成型速度/（mm·s-1）
10（默认值）1520
40压降/kPa398.01495.35577.50
增幅/%—24.4645.1
剪切应力/kPa13.6717.0119.84
增幅/%—24.4345.14
表观黏度/（Pa·s）56.0946.5340.69
增幅/%—-17.04-27.46
45压降/kPa598.83738.22854.93
增幅/%—23.2842.77
剪切应力/kPa20.3625.1029.07
增幅/%—23.2842.78
表观黏度/（Pa·s）82.0967.4758.59
增幅/%—-17.81-28.63
50压降/kPa963.231 180.901 362.40
增幅/%—22.6041.45
剪切应力/kPa32.5439.9046.03
增幅/%—22.6241.46
表观黏度/（Pa·s）129.83106.1291.82
增幅/%—-18.26-29.28
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