重型拖拉机新型双离合全动力换挡变速箱液压系统设计与试验

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20230825

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

设计了用于全新开发223.7 kW（300 hp）重型拖拉机新型双离合全动力换挡变速箱的液压系统，以达到换挡动力不中断和变速箱冷却润滑的目的。建立了AMESim动力换挡仿真模型，分析了液压系统流量、油压特性和换挡过程离合器与同步器的动态特性。仿真结果表明：离合器液压缸建压时间少于1 s，泄压时间少于0.6 s，建压/泄压时压力稳定；同步器液压缸在0.3 s内建立稳定油压；冷却润滑子系统用时0.5 s建立0.22 MPa稳定油压，最大流量为57.6 L/min；离合器在换挡过程中完成动力的平稳过渡，同步器在换挡之前完成预选挡。搭建了新型双离合全动力换挡变速箱试验台架进一步验证，离合器和同步器液压缸油压试验结果与仿真结果基本一致，变速箱输出转速从270 r/min上升至310 r/min，最大波动量为31 r/min，变速箱输出转矩稳定在2 910 N·m附近，最大波动量为稳定值的10.1%，换挡过程无动力中断。仿真和试验结果验证了液压系统可以满足重型拖拉机新型双离合全动力换挡变速箱的工作需求，本文工作可为重型拖拉机双离合全动力换挡变速箱液压系统设计和计算提供参考和指导。

关键词: 动力机械工程, 重型拖拉机, 双离合, 全动力换挡变速箱, 液压系统

Abstract:

A hydraulic system was designed for the new dual-clutch full-powershift transmission of the newly developed 223.7 kW （300 hp） heavy-duty tractor， in order to achieve the purpose of uninterrupted shift and transmission cooling and lubrication. The AMESim dynamic shift simulation model was established， the flow and oil pressure properties of the hydraulic system as well as the dynamics of the clutches and synchronizers have been analyzed. The simulation results show that the pressure building time of the clutch hydraulic cylinder is less than 1 s， the pressure relief time is less than 0.6 s， and the pressure is stable during the pressure building/relief. The synchronizer hydraulic cylinder establishes stable oil pressure within 0.3 s； The cooling and lubrication subsystem takes 0.5 s to establish a stable oil pressure of 0.22 MPa， and the maximum flow rate is 57.6 L/min. The clutch completes the smooth transition of power during the shift， and the synchronizer completes the pre-selection before the shift. A new dual-clutch full-powershift transmission test bench was set up for further verification， the oil pressure test results of the clutch and synchronizer hydraulic cylinders are basically consistent with the simulation results， the output speed of the transmission increases from 270 r/min to 310 r/min， and the maximum wave momentum is 31 r/min， the output torque of the transmission is stable around 2 910 N·m， the maximum wave momentum is 10.1% of the stable value， and there is no power interruption during the shifting process. The simulation and test results verify that the hydraulic system can meet the working requirements of the new dual-clutch full-powershift transmission of heavy-duty tractor. The work in this paper can provide reference and guidance for the design and calculation of the hydraulic system of the dual-clutch full-powershift transmission of heavy-duty tractor.

Key words: power machinery and engineering, heavy-duty tractor, dual-clutch, full-powershift transmission, hydraulic system

中图分类号:

王建,马文虎,谢太林,郭华,尹必峰. 重型拖拉机新型双离合全动力换挡变速箱液压系统设计与试验[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2025, 55(5): 1806-1816.

Jian WANG,Wen-hu MA,Tai-lin XIE,Hua GUO,Bi-feng YIN. Design and test of hydraulic system for new dual-clutch full-powershift transmission of heavy-duty tractor[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(5): 1806-1816.

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参数	数值
功率/kW	223.7
连续输入转矩/（N·m）	1 050
最大输入转矩/（N·m）	1 450
额定输入转速/（r·min^-1）	2 200
平均速比	1.21
挡位数量	24F+8R
传动效率	≥90%
离合器数量	4
同步器数量	11

参　数	数值
离合器摩擦因数	0.14
离合器回位弹簧刚度/（N·mm^-1）	2 159
同步器摩擦因数	0.11
同步器回位弹簧刚度/（N·mm^-1）	304
1挡传动比	8.17
2挡传动比	7.05
主减速比	4.96
轮边减速比	8.31