Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition) ›› 2024, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (11): 3406-3416.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20230063

Previous Articles    

Security-oriented cooperative adaptive predictive cruise control for connected and automated vehicular platoons under DoS attacks

Xiu-lan SONG(),Wei-hao CHAI,De-feng HE,Song-xiang YING   

  1. College of Information Engineering,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China
  • Received:2023-01-20 Online:2024-11-01 Published:2025-04-24

Abstract:

A new security-oriented cooperative adaptive predictive cruise control (CAPCC) algorithm is presented for connected and automated vehicle (CAV) platoons subject to constraints and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks of predecessors' acceleration. Firstly, using the kinematic characteristics, the acceleration estimator is designed to alleviate the effect of DoS attacks on cruise controllers. Then the synthetical trajectory signals are designed to flexibly represent various traffic situations of CAV platoons. Secondly, by adopting the receding horizon optimization principle, the secure CAPCC scheme of the vehicle platoon with satisfactions of the safety constraints is formulated in the framework of distributed model predictive control. Moreover, some sufficient conditions in the form of linear matrix inequalities are obtained to ensure stability and string stability of the platoon in the presence of safety constraints and the acceleration DoS attacks. Finally, some simulation experiments in representative traffic scenarios verify the effectiveness of the presented algorithm.

Key words: control science and engineering, collaborative adaptive cruise control, model predictive control, security control, denial of service attack

CLC Number: 

  • TP273

Fig.1

A schematic of a vehicle CACC platoon"

Fig.2

Car platoon suffered from DoS attacks"

Table 1

Settings parameters"

参数
初始速度 vi(0)i=0,1,2,3,4)/(m·s-115
初始加速度 ai0i=0,1,2,3,4)/(m·s-20
车头时距 hii=1,2,3,4)/s1.0
采样间隔 Ts /s0.1
DoS攻击周期 T/s5.0
控制约束 u?/(m·s-25
性能约束δ/m5
安全距离 rii=1,2,3,4)2.0
松弛因子β0.6

Fig.3

Real acceleration"

Fig.4

Acceleration after DoS attacks"

Fig.5

Acceleration after compensation"

Fig.6

Time evolutions of cars with DoS attacks"

Fig.7

Time evolutions of cars under security CACC algorithm"

Fig.8

String stability analysis under DoS attacks"

1 Dey K C, Yan L, Wang X, et al. A review of communication, driver characteristics, and controls aspects of cooperative adaptive cruise control(CACC)[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2016, 17(2): 491-509.
2 林亨,方华建,吴冬雁. 基于动态安全距离的CACC车辆混合交通流模型[J]. 北京交通大学学报, 2022, 46(6): 36-42.
Lin Heng, Fang Hua-jian, Wu Dong-yan. CACC vehicle mixed traffic flow model based on dynamic safety distance[J]. Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University, 2022, 46(6): 36-42.
3 Ghasemi A, Kazemi R, Azadi S. Stable decentralized control of a platoon of vehicles with heterogeneous information feedback[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicle Technology, 2013, 62(9): 4299-4308.
4 Firooznia A, Ploeg J, Wouw N, et al. Co-design of controller and communication topology for vehicular platooning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2017, 18(10): 2728-2739.
5 田彬, 姚柯, 王孜健, 等. 基于模型预测控制的CACC系统通信延时补偿方法[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2022, 22(4): 361-381.
Tian Bin, Yao Ke, Wang Zi-jian, et al. Communication delay compensation method of CACC platooning system based on model predictive control[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2022, 22(4): 361-381.
6 Zabat M, Stabile N, Farascaroli S, et al. The aerodynamic performance of platoons: a final report[R]. Lafayette: Path Research Report, 1995.
7 Kenney J B. Dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) standards in the united states[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2011, 99(7): 1162-1182.
8 Wang D, Sattiraju R, Qiu A, et al. Effect of retransmissions on the performance of C-V2X communication for 5G[C]∥ 2020 IEEE 92nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Fall), Victoria, Canada, 2020: 1-7.
9 Öncü S, Ploeg J, Wouw N, et al. Cooperative adaptive cruise control: network-aware analysis of string stability[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2014, 15(4): 1527-1537.
10 Hu S L, Yue D, Han Q L, et al. Observer-based event-triggered control for networked linear systems subject to denial-of-service attacks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 2020, 50(5): 1952-1964.
11 Malik S, Sun W. Analysis and simulation of cyber attacks against connected and autonomous vehicles[C]∥ 2020 International Conference on Connected and Autonomous Driving (MetroCAD), Detroit, USA, 2020: 62-70.
12 Singh P K, Tabjul G S, Imran M, et al. Impact of security attacks on cooperative driving use case: CACC platooning[C]∥ TENCON 2018 - 2018 IEEE Region 10 Conference, Jeju, Korea (South), 2018: 138-143.
13 Alipour F A, Dabaghchian M, Zeng K. Impact of jamming attacks on vehicular cooperative adaptive cruise control systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicle Technology, 2020, 69(11): 12679-12693.
14 Biron Z A, Dey S, Pisu P. Real-time detection and estimation of denial of service attack in connected vehicle systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2018, 19(12): 3893-3902.
15 Zhang X F, Du H P, Wei J M, et al. High gain observer design for DOS attack detection in CACC platoon[C]∥ 2020 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA), Surabaya, Indonesia, 2020: 254-259.
16 Alotibi F, Abdelhakim M. Anomaly detection for cooperative adaptive cruise control in autonomous vehicles using statistical learning and kinematic model[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2021, 22(6): 3468-3478.
17 Wyk F, Wang Y, Khojandi A, et al. Real-time sensor anomaly detection and identification in automated vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2020, 21(3): 1264-1276.
18 Arfouch Y A, Yuan S, Baldi S. An adaptive switched control approach to heterogeneous platooning with intervehicle communication losses[J]. IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems, 2018, 5(3): 1434-1444.
19 Mousavinejad E, Yang F, Han Q, et al. Distributed cyber attacks detection and recovery mechanism for vehicle platooning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2020, 21(9): 3821-3834.
20 Ge X H, Yang F W, Han Q L. Distributed networked control systems: a brief overview[J]. Information Sciences, 2017, 380: 117-131.
21 Segata M, Bloessl B, Joerer S, et al. Toward communication strategies for platooning: simulative and experimental evaluation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicle Technology, 2015, 64(12): 5411-5423.
22 Liu X, Goldsmith A, Mahal S, et al. Effects of communication delay on string stability in vehicle platoons[C]∥ 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems, Oakland, USA, 2001: 625-630.
23 Ploeg J, Scheepers B T, Nunen E, et al. Design and experimental evaluation of cooperative adaptive cruise control[C]∥ 2011 14th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), Washington, USA, 2011: 260-265.
24 Naus G J, Vugts R P, Ploeg J, et al. String-stable CACC design and experimental validation: a frequency-domain approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicle Technology, 2010, 59(9): 4268-4279.
25 Benslimane A, Huong N. Jamming attack model and detection method for beacons under multichannel operation in vehicular networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicle Technology, 2017, 66(7): 6475-6488.
26 Dutta R G, Hu Y, Yu F, et al. Design and analysis of secure distributed estimator for vehicular platooning in adversarial environment[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2022, 23(4): 3418-3429.
27 Liu Y, Pan C, Gao H, et al. Cooperative spacing control for interconnected vehicle systems with input delays[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicle Technology, 2017, 66(12): 10692-10704.
28 Bernardo M, Falcone P, Salvi A, et al. Design, analysis, and experimental validation of a distributed protocol for platooning in the presence of time-varying heterogeneous delays[J]. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2016, 24(2): 413-427.
29 Dumitrescu B. Bounded real lemma for FIR MIMO systems[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2005, 12(7): 496-499.
30 He Y, Wu M, She J H. Improved bounded-real-lemma representation and H control of systems with polytopic uncertainties[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II-Express Briefs, 2005, 52(7): 380-383.
31 Feng L, Wang J, Poh E, et al. Multi-objective robust model predictive control: trajectory tracking problem through LMI formulation[C]∥ American Control Conference, New York, USA, 2007: 5589-5594.
32 Boyd S, Vandenberghe L. Convex Optimization[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
33 Luo J, He D F, Zhu W, et al. Multiobjective platooning of connected and automated and vehicles using distributed economic model predictive control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2022, 23(10): 19121-19135.
34 Zhu Y H, He H B, Zhao D B. LMI-based synthesis of string-stable controller for cooperative adaptive cruise control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2020, 21(11): 4516-4525.
[1] Peng SHEN,Xiao-hua LI,Hui LIU. Prescribed finite-time tracking control with input buffer for a manipulator system [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(1): 63-73.
[2] Guo LIU,Jian XIONG,Xiu-jian YANG,Yang-fan HE. Intelligent vehicle trajectory tracking control based on curvature augmentation [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(12): 3717-3728.
[3] Hao-zhe CAO,Jin-ben ZHOU,Li-hua LI. Repetitive gradient learning parameter estimation of quantized Wiener system [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(12): 3673-3680.
[4] Yan-tao TIAN,Wen-yan YU,Yan-shi JI,bo XIE. Shared controller design for different driving behavior models [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(9): 2676-2686.
[5] Shou-tao LI,Lu YANG,Ru-yi QU,Peng-peng SUN,Ding-li YU. Slip rate control method based on model predictive control [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(9): 2687-2696.
[6] Nan YANG,Jun XIAO. Energy saving optimization control of urban intelligent transportation under sequential quadratic programming algorithm [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(8): 2223-2228.
[7] Ying REN,Jian-hua DUO,Rui-xia SONG. Design of rail transit signal joint control system based on variable structure PID control [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(8): 2364-2369.
[8] Bin XIAN,Yin-xin WANG,Ling WANG. Distributed robust tracking control for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles: theory and experimental verification [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(7): 2093-2103.
[9] Guang-he ZHU,Zhi-qiang ZHU,Yi-ping YUAN. Deep reinforcement learning optimization scheduling algorithm for continuous production line [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(7): 2086-2092.
[10] Bin XIAN,Guang-yi WANG,Jia-ming CAI. Nonlinear robust control design for multi unmanned aerial vehicles suspended payload transportation system [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(6): 1788-1795.
[11] Hong-zhi WANG,Ting-ting WANG,Miao-miao LAN,Shuo XU. A novel sliding mode control strategy of multi-motor for robot arm based on position tracking [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(5): 1443-1458.
[12] Jing-hua ZHAO,Yu-tong ZHANG,Pai CAO,Zhong-shu WANG,Xiao-ping LI,Ya-nan SUN,Fang-xi XIE. Optimal energy management on extended⁃range electric vehicle equipped with compressed natural gas engine [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(3): 600-609.
[13] Wen-hang LI,Tao NI,Ding-xuan ZHAO,Ying-jie DENG,Xiao-bo SHI. Control method on hydraulic suspension systems of rescue vehicles based on model predictive feedback technology [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(3): 610-619.
[14] Jing-hua ZHAO,Shi-hao DU,Liang-wei LIU,Yun-feng HU,Yao SUN,Fang-xi XIE. Parameter identification for SCR systems based on improved chaos optimization algorithm [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(2): 550-557.
[15] Shou-rui WANG,Wu-yin JIN,Zhi-yuan RUI,Xia ZHANG. Payload swing control for 3D overhead crane based on fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2023, 53(12): 3508-3517.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!