吉林大学学报(医学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 1423-1428.doi: 10.13481/j.1671-587X.20250532

• 综述 • 上一篇    

miRNA对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑损伤保护作用的研究进展

杨光1,郑智芳1,张新华2()   

  1. 1.山西医科大学儿科医学系,山西 晋中 030600
    2.山西省儿童医院 山西省妇幼保健院新生儿科,山西 太原 030032
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-31 接受日期:2024-12-20 出版日期:2025-09-28 发布日期:2025-11-05
  • 通讯作者: 张新华 E-mail:13835107719@qq.com
  • 作者简介:杨 光(1980-),男,山西省原平市人,副教授,医学硕士,主要从事新生儿疾病基础和临床方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家临床重点专科建设项目(〔2023〕09);山西省科技厅自然科学研究面上项目(202203021211234)

Research progress in protective effect of miRNA on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury

Guang YANG1,Zhifang ZHENG1,Xinhua ZHANG2()   

  1. 1.Department of Pediatrics,Shanxi Medical University,Jinzhong 030600,China
    2.Department of Neonatology,Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Children Hospital,Shanxi Province,Taiyuan 030032,China
  • Received:2024-10-31 Accepted:2024-12-20 Online:2025-09-28 Published:2025-11-05
  • Contact: Xinhua ZHANG E-mail:13835107719@qq.com

摘要:

缺氧缺血性脑损伤(HIBD)是导致新生儿死亡和婴幼儿神经系统功能障碍的主要原因,是新生儿学界研究的热点。微小RNA(miRNA)参与神经发育,其变化与HIBD病理演变存在密切关联,但目前缺乏对miRNA在疾病不同病理阶段具体作用及其机制研究的有效整合。现综述近年有关 miRNA在HIBD不同阶段的研究,在缺氧缺血期,一些缺氧相关miRNA的异常表达可作为新的生物学诊断指标;而在脑水肿期,miRNA可能通过维护血脑屏障完整性,减轻神经元肿胀和结构改变;在脑梗死期,miRNA可抑制凋亡蛋白的表达,提高神经元存活率,减少脑梗死面积,改善神经行为。miRNA在HIBD中的作用机制研究有助于为HIBD的诊疗策略研究提供新的思路。

关键词: 缺氧缺血性脑损伤, 发病机制, 微小RNA, 新生儿, 神经炎症

Abstract:

Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and neurological dysfunction in the infants, and it remains a focal point of research in neonatology. MicroRNA (miRNA) is involved in neural development, and its alterations is closely associated with the pathological progression of HIBD. However, there is a lack of effective integration of studies on the specific roles and mechanisms of miRNAs at different pathological stages of the disease. This review summarized the recent researches on miRNA in various stages of HIBD. During the hypoxic-ischemic phase, abnormal expression of certain hypoxia-related miRNA can serve as novel biological diagnostic markers. In the cerebral edema phase, miRNA may maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, alleviating neuronal swelling and structural changes. In the cerebral infarction phase, miRNA can inhibit the expression of apoptotic proteins, enhance the neuronal survival rates, reduce the infarct size, and improve neurological behavior. Further research into the mechanisms of miRNA in HIBD will provide new insights for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for HIBD.

Key words: Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, Pathogenesis, MicroRNA, Newborn, Neuroinflammation

中图分类号: 

  • R272.1