Hot dry rock (HDR) is a kind of clean and renewable geothermal resource. The utilization of HDR is of great significance to the improvement of energy structure of Guangxi. The early studies show that the eastern and southern areas of Guangxi have HDR development potential. Based on Guangxi aeromagnetic survey data, the Curie point depth was calculated by using Parker-Oldenburg interface inversion method. The terrestrial heat flow values and temperatures at several different depths were also calculated. It is found that the calculation results are consistent with the actual measurement temperature data, indicating that there are formation conditions for the HDR resources in Xichang and Changle sags in Hepu basin. The reservoir and seal conditions of the HDR resources in Hepu basin were analyzed based on the basic geological survey and a large number of borehole data. Two hot-dry rock exploration target areas C1 and C2 located in Xichang and Changle sags were initially circled, with an area of 167.10 km² and 72.90 km², respectively. The HDR resources are 182.48×10¹⁵ J in C1, and are 77.59 ×10¹⁵ J in C2. Based on 20% recovery rate, the total amount of HDR resources in Hepu basin is 52.01×10¹⁵ J, which is equivalent to 177.48×10⁴ t of standard coal. It accounts for 4.72 % of the total energy production of 3756.69×10⁴ t standard coal in Guangxi in 2018. Based on the resource evaluation, it is recommended that further exploration should be given to the C1 target area,which is located in Xichang sag of Hepu basin.

Deep seismic reflection technology is an important method to detect the deep structure of large-scale metallogenic belt and ore concentration area and reveal the background of mineralization. The authors explored the subsurface structure of the magmatic fluid passage in the vicinity of the Tibetan Niangre ore concentration area with iron, copper and other polymetallic deposits in the middle section of the Gangdese metallogenic belt, revealed the background of the mineralization and the corresponding fracture formation. Through the data processing such as tomostatics, de-noising, and predictive deconvolution of the 130 km deep seismic reflection profile crossing the Niangre ore concentration area, we obtained the reflected images of the upper crustal structure of the Niangre ore concentration area. Based on the geologic and geophysical data in this area, we studied the upper crustal structure of the ore concentration area, and found out the spatial relationship between the seven existing faults in the area and the distribution of the veins in the Gangdese metallogenic belt, and point out that some special structures such as the bright spot structure control the magma activity rising channel, and closely connected with the deposits.

Taking for example the main oil and gas production formations of carbonate in Callovian-Oxfordian of Samandepe gas field, Amu Darya basin, Turkmenistan, and settings about the sedimentary facies, diagenesis means, diagenetic evolution sequence and corresponding products of geologic process, the authors make a comprehensive research on diagenetic environment and diagenetic fluid property reflected by the geochemical behavior, such as trace element, Fe, Mn, Sr, stable isotope, C, O, Sr, fluid inclusion, and cathode luminescence. According to the “hydrologic system”, CallovianOxfordian are divided into three diagenetic system, seawater-freshwater,compaction brine and deep cycle temperature and pressure water in different diagenetic stage. The deposition and diagenetic system have a good coupling relationship with reservoir in the space and time, which can be classified as: ①Platform edge reef and shallow facies control the regional distribution of reservoir. ②The early-denudation of fresh water system, and the shallow burial dolomitization of compaction brine diagenetic system in early-diagenetic stage are the key to forming reservoir. ③Buried denudation of the diagenetic system of temperature and pressure water, middle-deep buried dolomitization and tectonic disruption action in mid-diagenetic stage enlarge the reservoir scale, promote the reservoir quality, and contribute greatly to the development of high-grade reservoir.

The effect of the traditional groundwater level prediction model is not ideal due to the lack of considering the temporal and spatial variation rules and the relevant influencing factors of groundwater level.The authors used the long and short term memory neural network (LSTM), adopted the method of multivariable input,and constructed the groundwater level prediction model. Taking the monitoring Well J1 in Daiyue district of Tai'an City as an example, the groundwater level dynamic monitoring data from 2001 to 2014 and the relevant influencing factor data were used to predict the groundwater level from 2015 to 2016 by using the multivariable LSTM neural network, and further compared with the single variable LSTM neural network model and BP neural network model. The research results show that the BP neural network prediction model can only make the corresponding prediction according to the change of the influencing variables without considering the change rule of timing sequence, so the prediction error is large (2.399 3). The single-variable LSTM model only takes the groundwater level as the variable input with no considering the influence of relevant factors, and the prediction error is 2.102 2. The prediction accuracy of the LSTM neural network prediction model based on multivariable input is significantly higher than that of the univariate LSTM neural network and BP neural network models, and the prediction root mean square error is only 1.919 1, which successfully verifies the accuracy of the multivariable LSTM neural network groundwater level prediction model.

Based on the comparative analysis of different thermal conduction models of magmatic intrusion, the thermal effect of magmatic intrusion to the organic matter maturity of country rock is simulated, which combined the Easy R_o% model and the reported vitrinite reflectance values (R_o). The numerical simulation results show that the improved Fjeldskaar model can be easy to simulate the thermal maturation of organic matter near the magmatic intrusion and has a good fitting effect. Further more, the alteration of the initial temperature and the thickness of magmatic intrusions have different thermal effects to the organic matter maturity of country rock. It shows that the thermal effect extent is in a limited range. However, this range (X/D, denoted by the ratio of intrusion thickness to the distance which is from the calculation depth to the contact surface) changes with the different geological conditions. Generally speaking, the higher of the initial temperature of the magmatic intrusion is, the broader of the range is, and so does the thickness of magmatic intrusion, but the X/D value is usually less than two (X/D<2). The preliminary application of the thermal conduction model shows that the thermal effect of volcanic process has an important effect to the hydrocarbon generation process, which can accelerate the organic matter maturation of the source rock and advance the hydrocarbon generation period.

In this paper, the authors review the history of grain size analysis, summarize the commonly used grain size types, introduce the grain size standards and the five grain size analysis methods usually used in sedimentology at present, and give a detailed classification of sedimentation method, field interference analysis method and image method. In addition, the scope of application, the principle of measurement, the advantages and disadvantages of each grain size analysis method are also introduced in detail. Of them,direct measurement method is simple, but poor in accuracy; Sieving analysis is common, but can only precede loose or weakly cemented sediments and cannot reflect grain shape; Sedimentation method is suitable for the analysis of loose samples, weak cemented samples and liquid samples, and can measure fine grained sediments such as fine sand, silt and mud; Field interference method is mainly based on the diffraction, scattering and voltage impulse response of detritus grains, both solid and liquid samples, with high accuracy, and wide applicability; Image method is diverse, simple and intuitive, and strongly operable. In general, in the next few decades, these grain size analysis methods will still co-exist with old and new technologies.

Hot dry rock (HDR) is a kind of high temperature rock in depth without or with a small amount of water. A conservative estimation of the HDR thermal energy in the earth's crust (depth of 3-10 km) is equivalent to the 30 times of the total energy contained in the oil, gas and coal all over the world. Enhanced geothermal system (EGS) is an engineered reservoirs that has been created to extract economical amounts of heat from low permeability and/or porosity geothermal resources. The history of study and development of EGS has been about 40 years, but only a small number of countries in the world have conducted EGS research and demonstration, such as the United States, Britain, France, Japan, Australia, etc. In recent years, we have started the research and development. Currently, the exploitation of HDR faces many challenges, such as the creation of the massive artificial fractured thermal reservoir, and implementing EGS commercialization needs further research and technological development. This paper reviewed the experiences and lessons learned from international typical EGS demonstration projects, and discussed the research progress of China in recent years. The purpose of the paper is to offer reference for future scientific research and field demonstration of the EGS in China.

With the discovery of more and more polymetallic nodule mineralization zones in the South China Sea (SCS) in recent years, the researches of marine polymetallic nodules in this area have become deeper. The SCS marginal-sea polymetallic nodules have their own unique characteristics, which are very different from those in the oceanic environment. Based on the comparative analysis of the previous research results, the authors studied the metallogenetic characteristics of the SCS polymetallic nodules, and provided theoretical guidance for the evaluation of the SCS submarine polymetallic mineral resources. The results show that the mineral composition of the SCS marginal nodules is basically similar to that of oceanic nodules, mainly composed of Mn-and Fe-phase minerals, but the SCS nodules contain a large amount of silicate minerals, indicating that they are greatly affected by terrestrial detrital minerals. Compared to the oceanic nodules in the main economic mineralization zones, the content of the main economic elements such as Mn, Cu, Co, Ni and Zn in the SCS nodules are relatively low, while the contents of terrestrial-derived elements such as Fe, Ti, P, Nb, Pb, Rb, Sc, Ta, Sr, Th and REY (REE and Y) are relatively high. The elemental geochemical characteristics and REE shale-normalized patterns of the SCS polymetallic nodules show that they are of hydrogenetic origin with lower Mn/Fe ratios, high average growth rate, and relatively higher positive δCe anomalies, indicating that the SCS nodules grew in more oxidizing seawater environment. Although the high sediment accumulation rate and turbulent seawater environment affect the mineralization of the SCS nodules, the entry of a large number of terrestrial material provides a rich source of metallogenetic material for the rapid growth of nodules. The SCS marginal polymetallic nodules are rich in a variety of economic metal elements, and can be used as potential marine mineral resources.

Microseismic positioning method is a core technology in the field of microseismic monitoring, and the criterion to consider the application effect of microseismic technology lies in the accuracy of the source positioning method. Given the application of unconventional oil and gas development in microseismic positioning, the authors expound on the microseismic positioning methods. Among them, the geometric mapping method has the advantages of robustness and high efficiency, but its positioning accuracy is low when the source location is deep; the linear positioning method does not need the accuracy of the velocity model, but has a great impact on the accuracy of first break pick-up; the nonlinear positioning method is more sensitive to first break picking and requires higher accuracy of the velocity model, but the calculation is small; the hybrid positioning method improves the positioning accuracy and efficiency to a certain extent, but the advantages are not obvious when the signal-to-noise ratio is low,and the speed model precision is not high; the positioning method based on waveform migration does not need to consider the precision of first break pick-up, but the calculation is large; the positioning method based on neural network using training network training is highly accurate, and the error is small. The authors also discuss the application of multi-method and multi-parameter information fusion technology in microseismic location of oil and gas reservoir.

Structural homogeneity of jointed rock masses is an important problem and also is the research basics of three-dimensional fracture network modeling. A new method considering trace length of joints is suggested to zone statistical homogeneity of fratured rock mass on basis of contingency table. Through generating two compared samples, the frequency of the attributes of sample are calculated, and the Chi-square and the critical Chi-square values are determined. Then a method of structural homogeneity zoning is constructed after judging the statistical similarity among these samples.  It is proved that the result of the new structural homogeneity zoning is more reasonable and perfect.

It is difficult to represent the multi-scale structure feature of rocks by using a single resolution digital core model. Through taking a sandstone sample, by means of core multi-resolution CT imaging,the accurate matching of core images with different resolutions is realized by the feature based image registration method. The multi-scale and -component digital core model is constructed along with the segmentation of pores and minerals in the registered images based on image fusion. The results show that the multi-scale and -component digital core model could represent the cross scale pore structures; and the pore distribution agrees with the results from NMR. The mineral contents of digital core are more consistent with the results from XRD than that from Qemscan. The multi-scale and -component digital core model factually restores the structure features of all rock components.

Since the great potential of Precambrian-Cambrian strata for oil and gas exploration in the central and western of China has been discovered, it had attracted widespread attention recent years. In this paper, the petroleum geological characteristics and main control factors for the hydrocarbon accumulation of the typical Precambrian-Cambrian basins are described, taking the Oman basin and East Siberian basin for example. We expect to provide a meaningful reference for the oil and gas exploration breakthrough in Precambrian-Cambrian basins of China. The source rocks of Oman basin and East Siberian basin both developed in the initial rifting area, which have generated lots of hydrocarbons before Silurian or Devonian under the control of depth. Sandstone distributed widely as the main reservoir lithology, which can be transformed into high-quality regional reservoirs by post-reformation impacts, such as weathering, leaching, cement dissolution and tectonic fractures.The cumulative thickness of gypsum-salt strata is more than 1 000 m, which is the key factor of the regional seal to preserve the ancient reservoirs generated from the Precambrian-Cambrian stratum, after compared with the petroleum geological characteristics of the other Precambrian-Cambrian basins, we can find that Tarim basin Cambrian petroleum system also has the characteristics of an ancient giant fields, which mainly includes the development of several sets of high abundance of high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks, a thick layer of rock salt paste regional cap and accumulation hydrocarbon in multiple depths after long-distance migration. These indicate that the Tarim basin Cambrian has huge oil and gas exploration potential.

Geothermal energy exploitation and utilization are closely related to groundwater transport and the evolution of water environment. In this study, wereviewed the development status and typical mining technologies for the shallow geothermal energy stored in the soil and phreatic aquifers, median-to-high-temperature geothermal energy in deep aquifers, and high-temperature geothermal energy stored in the hot dry rocks for informational purposes of sustainable development and utilization of large-scale geothermal resources. In particular, the shallow geothermal energy can be classified into ground source heat pump and ground water heat pump according to the subsurface heat source; Median-to-high-temperature geothermal energy can be exploited mainly by direct mining, combination of production and injection and standing column well system; And high-temperature geothermal energy can be exploited using enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) through reservoir reconstruction technique such as hydraulic fracturing or chemical stimulation. Furthermore, the potential impact of geothermal energy exploitation on the groundwater resources was analyzed and summarized following the reported site cases, mainly focused on the cold and heat accumulation brought by heat pump technology, the decline of groundwater level caused by hydrothermal exploitation and the possibility of microseismic events or fracturing fluid leakage caused by hydraulic fracturing of hot dry rocks. In the end, the approaches were proposed to promote the sustainable development of geothermal resources and reduce the negative impacts on groundwater resources, including improving the recharge capacity, maintaining the water balance in the process of mining and irrigation, maintaining the heat exchange efficiency and the re-balance of underground heat, and adopting new materials. 

The Songnan gas field is mainly composed of compacted volcanic reservoir with low permeability. According to the gas testing results of the Yingcheng Formation, and other data such as porosity, permeability and impedance, a reservoir classification standard was established. Based on the observation of core, thin sections and SEM, developing patterns of vesicle and fissure in four types of reservoirs have been studied. In addition, potential target reservoirs have been described and evaluated. The reservoir in Songnan gas field can be divided into four types:Type I is high yield without fracturing operation. Type II is high yield after fracturing operation. Type III is no yields before fracturing operation. Type IV is dense layer. Vesicle-fissure pattern corresponding to each reservoir type has been described. Reservoir I presents primary vesicle-microfissure reservoir pattern. Reservoir II presents secondary vesicle-microfissure reservoir pattern. Reservoir III presents primary vesicle-tectonic fissure reservoir pattern. Reservoir IV presents secondary vesicle-tectonic fissure reservoir pattern. Potential evaluation indicated that the No.2 and No.3 targets in YS1 fault block have great potential for development. This study will benefit the analysis of exploiting potentialities, and the reservoir classification standard is more suitable for the actual production situation of dense volcanic reservoir in this area.

The authors analyze and discuss the modeling technique of 3D geomodeling in the process of numerical reservoir simulation, introduces the detailed modeling method based on corner-point grids model and gives the corresponding implementation steps. The main process is to:construct the fault model according to the fault data;bulid the pillar gridding model based on the fault model;complete the layer which bares the fault based on the pillar gridding skeleton model through, adopting the layer recovery technique to complete the layer that contains fault; and further, accomplish the building of the property model according to the interpolation of physical property parameters based on the structural model. Finally, by takeing the fractured-vuggy reservoir of Tahe oilfield as an example, we validate the modeling process and technology.

Along with the rapid development of marine economy, ever increasing emphasis has been put on strengthening marine defense security, improving the development of marine resources and protecting the marine ecological environment, the three aspects which complement to each other; and the corresponding effective detection technology, the key to ensure the marine safety and security, the resource development efficiency, and the balance of ecology and real-time monitoring, as well as to prevent pollution, has become a hot research focus in the current ocean related research and engineering field. Based on the unique advantages of optical fiber sensor over traditional electronic and mechanical sensors, this paper gave an introduction to the technology, system design and characteristics of fiber sensing, in the fields including coastal defense and livelihood security, subsea natural disaster prediction, effective exploration of ocean energy, ocean engineering safety monitoring, and marine environment online monitoring.Consquently, the present review aims to promot optical fiber sensing technology in the ocean.

As an effective and efficient electromagnetic method, magnetometric resistivity method has been extensively used worldwide; however, it is unfamiliar in China. Therefore, this paper tries to introduce the fundamentals of this technology on the three aspects, i.e. data collection and analysis, forward modeling, and inversion through case studies, in order to outline the potential development in China. In this review, we indicate that:1) most of the time, gradient array is used for surface MMR data collection, yet the survey layout in other electromagnetic method can be adapted; 2) from view point of electrostatic theory, absolute conductivity cannot be obtained by the magnetometric resistivity method; however, if we collect data in frequency domain, the problem may be solved; 3) deep resolution of surface MMR data need to be, and can be improved through multi-source and multi-component 3D inversion; 4) in China, MMR could be extended to borehole exploration, marine exploration, and applied to the scope of environment, and engineering.

A geological disaster induced by reservoir impoundment is common. It is important to study the characteristics and stability of deposit slope at reservoir bank before and after impoundment for prevention of such a disaster. Based on the in-situ detailed engineering geological investigation and monitoring materials, the structural and deformation characteristics of deposit slope were analyzed, and the formation and deformation mechanisms were discussed in this study. Finally, based on the discrete element method, the stability of this slope was evaluated. Based on the above research results, the deposit slope was formed from the ancient slide, and the reservoir water level raised by nearly 40m in two months, thus activating the ancient landslides and resulting in the deformation. The engineering treatment such as drainage tunnels and drainage holes slow down the deformation of the slope dramatically, and the deformation of some observation points has a convergence trend.

The vibration of drillstring is a common problem while drilling. Serious vibration is one of the most important reasons leading to bit and drillstring failure, which can reduce drilling efficiency and increase cost. So how to identify and suppress drilling vibration is a vital task and many researches have been done about this. Through the review of theoretical study and latest progress of drillstring dynamics, summarization of laboratory test research, the latest development of vibration monitoring device and suppression tool are introduced in this paper. Main solution of the problem should include drillstring dynamics software on the basis of theoretical study and laboratory test, vibration monitoring device and proper vibration suppression tool. Meanwhile, the research of vibration suppression integrated technology is proposed.

Deep exploration instrumentation and technologies provide technology supporting for national crust probing plan that discovery deep earth profound, which development level will  decide capability of acquisition and interpretation of data and information from huge continental and marine areas and ultra deep in China. In light of national high technique strategy with aiming at international high-ranked technology, development by the country has to be carried out to meet the request of probing capability and efficiency in geological complexity environment. The development has been designed in several phases and six technique directions, in order to speed up the level of the development. With strengthening cooperation of development units, R&D basis is established with introducing experts,  professional training, importing and learning high-end products and techniques. In this way, it is possible to refined innovation and university manufactory-academic-utilization role and to fast change embarrassing situation of a long term relying on importing all of instruments and technologies. It is hopefully benefit to a huge span pace from the beginning to qualification.

By using the independently developed high-temperature/high-pressure reactor,CO₂ water solubility has been tested under different temperatures,pressures and salinities. The results show that the water solubility of CO₂ increases with pressure under a certain temperature, while it declines with the increase of temperature under a certain pressure. However, when temperature is above 100℃ and pressure is around 22 MPa,the solubility is prone to decrease with increasing temperature under a low pressure (less than 22 MPa) and the solubility is prone to slightly increase with increasing temperature under a high pressure(greater than 22 MPa). Besides, under a certain temperature and pressure,CO₂ water solubility decreases with the increase of water salinity. On the basis of measured and existing data, a new model has been built to calculate CO₂ water solubility precisely by modifying the parameters of PR-HV EOS. In comparison to other models, its accuracy is higher with an average relative error of 2.69%.

Copper resources in the Southern and Central Africa are mainly distributed in 12 countries such as Zambia, DR Congo, and South Africa. Based on the study of the formation of African continent, subsequent Neoproterozoic pan-African movement, and Paleozoic-Cenozoic sedimentation, the authors suggest that apart from the northwestern margin of the continent, namely the region from the Morocco to Atlas mountains in Tunisia, the African continent is a grade Ⅰ tectonic unit, and which can be broken down into 5 grade Ⅱ and 28 grade Ⅲ tectonic units by taking the Neoproterozoic pan-African movement as a marker. The 5 gradeⅡtectonic units include the Western African craton, the Eastern African craton, the Central African craton, the Southern African craton, and the pan-African structural belt; on the basis of the above tectonic breakdown, the whole African continent is suggested to be the grade Ⅰ metallogenic domain, and which is divided into 3 grade Ⅱ metallogenic provinces and 32 grade Ⅲ metallogenic regions(belts). 12 of them are related to copper deposits. The 3 metallogenic provinces include Au-Fe-Mn-Cr-Ni-U and diamond metallogenic province in the Southern African craton, Au-Cu-Fe-W-Sn-Nb-Ta and diamond metallogenic province in the Central African craton, and the metallogenic province in pan-African tectonic belt. A preliminary analysis was conducted. Based on the results of geological characteristics and mineralization setting, a summary of the typical ore deposits in the major metallogenic regions (belts) is given in this paper to cover a variety of deposits such as sedimentary metamorphic-reformed Cu-Co deposits, mafic and ultramafic intrusive related Cu-Ni deposits, greenstone belt related copper deposits, carbonate rock related copper deposits, and copper polymetallic deposits associated with limestone. According to the distribution of copper resources, the breakdown of tectonic units, the metallogenic regions (belts), and the characteristics of representative deposits, the authors divide the central and Southern Africa into five potential copper polymetallic ore prospecting areas.

Target detection is a fundamental and routine task in remote sensing image processing. In this paper, we design a target detection algorithm for remote sensing images based on the YOLOX network. Firstly, ASFF is added to the feature extraction module PANet to deeply mine the fine features with inconsistent scale in target detection. Secondly, an ECA-based feature extraction module is designed with efficient channel interaction to reduce the complexity of the model while paying more attention to the positive sample feature information in the feature map. Then, to avoid the problem of gradient disappearance and weak activation effect caused by overfitting, the use of swish activation function is proposed. Finally, experiments are conducted on DOTA to verify the best mechanism and effectiveness of the improved method through qualitative analyses of the ablation experiments and quantitative comparison experiments. With the addition of ASFF and ECA mechanisms and the optimization of the swish activation function, the improved network model achieves an mAP of 74.42%, an improvement of 12.75% over the original network. Compared with the current widely used target detection algorithms Mobilenet-YOLOv4, YOLOv4, YOLOv5 and YOLOX, the proposed  algorithm achieves an improvement of 11.42%-17.84% in mAP accuracy.

South China Sea (SCS) is in a complex geological tectonic environment, and the neotectonic movement is active during the post-expansion period. The time of neotectonic movement and the movement characteristics are different in the different areas. In this study, the starting time of the neotectonic movement in SCS is considered to be in the middle of Miocene (about 15 Ma) through integrating the tectonic evolution events, current tectonic patterns and the features of the neotectonic movement. With further collection and organization of the geological and geophysical data, the neotectonic movements, including stratigraphic differences, active tectonics, seismicity and magmatic activity, were systematically studied and explored. According to the manifestation and imbalance in spatial distribution of the new tectonic movement, SCS and the adjacent areas are divided into one strong tectonic active zone, three moderate-strong tectonic active zones and one weak tectonic active zone. Combined with the analysis of the stress field characteristics, the neotectonic movement was mainly controlled by the continuous subduction-collision of the Philippine plate and Pacific plate on the continental margin of East Asia.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has emerged as a new geophysical technique allowing direct, noninvasive groundwater investigations from the surface. Comparing to the traditional geophysical methods, the current state-of-the-art NMR method is higher resolution, more efficiency, more information and unique interpretation for hydrogeological investigations. In the last two decades, MRS has been widely used, not only in groundwater exploration, but also in water-disaster forewarning, including dam leakage, tunnel gushing, waterimpacted landslide, and seawater intrusion. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of various aspects of MRS for groundwater exploration in complex geophysical settings. We report the recent researches, includes adaptive signal processing for mitigating electromagnetic noise, 2D/3D MRS methods for low-volume detection, forward modeling and field-data inversion under complex conditions, as well as joint uses of MRS and TEM methods in karst aquifers. By introducing several case studies, we prospect the developing trends of MRS for groundwater assessment.

In order to provide decision-making basis for prevention and control of land subsidence in Shengze of Wujiang, the authors analyzed the influence of building load and groundwater exploitation on land subsidence. Based on the Biot's consolidation theory and ground water seepage theory, a three-dimensional fully coupled mathematical model of building load, groundwater exploitation on land subsidence was established. By using this model, the trend of land subsidence was simulated from 2015-09-01 to 2030-08-31 under the conditions of only building load, only groundwater exploitation, and the superposition of building load and groundwater exploitation. According to the prediction results, the effect of building load on land subsidence in Shengze is greater than that of groundwater exploitation. With the first weak clayed soil aquifer and the first confined aquifer as the main compressible layers, under the individual action, the single-layer compression accounted for 43.04% and 54.06% respectively; while with the first confined aquifer and its overlying weak clay soil aquifer as the main compression layer of the superposition of the building load and the groundwater exploitation, the total compression amount accounted for 71.30% of the total compression. The sum of the linear superposition of ground subsidence caused by the building load and groundwater exploitation alone is larger than the ground subsidence caused by the superposition of the two.The land subsidence caused by the superposition of the building load and the groundwater exploitation has a coupling effect.

Support vector machine is a kind of black box model,and its feature cannot be selected directly when learning model;while decision tree model has the ability of feature selection during the process of recursive creation.For lithology classification,we combined decision tree with support vector machine.In consideration with the importance of the features,we used the tree height to extract the features after the decision tree establishment,and furthermore,we used the features with higher classification ability to fed into the support vector machine.The results show that the feature extraction of decision tree can reduce the input characteristics,so this,in turn,makes the SVM model more stable and accurate through controlling the complexity of the model effectively.The accuracy of test set of the model can be increased by more than 10%.

To bring out the essentials of high-frequency asymptotic scattering theories and their applications in numerical modeling and imaging of geophysical fields, we give a brief overview of the corresponding research histories and the state-of-the-art. Also, we present some new developments that we have achieved in the last five years in the investigation of the high-frequency asymptotic scattering theories. Considering some problems in the literature, we first give a brief review of the basic concepts and formulas in the scattering theory; and reaffirm and underline the mathematical physics intensions of the concepts and formulas. Next, we give an overview of the research history and the state-of-the-art of the high-frequency asymptotic scattering theories, and make some comments on some related topics. Moreover, we present some new developments that we have achieved in the last five years in the corresponding studies, including the quasi-analytical approximation of the surface integral equation of the scattered waves, the generalized Beam-Born and Beam-Rytov type approximations, and so on. Finally, we give some prospects for the road ahead of the development of the high-frequency asymptotic scattering theories themselves and their application in numerical modeling and imaging of geophysical fields. Not only in history but also at present, play the asymptotic scattering theories an irreplaceable role in numerical modeling and imaging of geophysical fields, especially in migration of reflection seismic data and in full waveform inversion. In author's point of view, the further development of the high-frequency asymptotic scattering theories depends on the investigation of the Green's function. Along with the uninterrupted deep-going of the corresponding studies, the high-frequency asymptotic scattering theories will play a much more important role in numerical modeling and imaging of geophysical fields in future.

In the era of big data and information sharing, it is urgent to build a database of mineralogy systems to provide support for scientific and technological innovation, talent training in geosciences and related fields, and to provide sharing services for the public. Based on the systematic mineralogy theory and practical experiences in the construction of national database, the authors put forward mineral level, classification and coding of mineral species, as well as the methods and specifications for the establishment of basic data items such as mineral names, chemical components, crystal forms, crystal structures, physical properties, chemical properties, and the origin and occurrence. The authors designed the overall technical architecture and the data dictionary, data types, and function modules used to build the database, introduced the software and hardware environment for the publication of the systemic mineralogy database, and practiced on the National Science & Technology Infrastructure. Moreover, the authors discussed the application of mineralogical data mining and wiki concepts and technologies in the construction of a big mineralogical database.