吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (5): 1536-1543.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20240542

• 车辆工程·机械工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

数控机床线轨装配精度建模及控制方法

刘志峰1(),陈继民2,李迎2(),赵永胜2,闫兴2,孙富权2   

  1. 1.吉林大学 机械与航空航天工程学院，长春 130022
    2.北京工业大学 机械与能源工程学院，北京 100124
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-16 出版日期:2025-05-01 发布日期:2025-07-18
  • 通讯作者: 李迎 E-mail:lzf@bjut.edu.cn;li_ying@bjut.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:刘志峰（1973-），男，教授，博士. 研究方向：高端数控机床与智能制造.E-mail： lzf@bjut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(U23B20104)

Modeling of CNC machine tool line rail assembly accuracy and its control method

Zhi-feng LIU1(),Ji-min CHEN2,Ying LI2(),Yong-sheng ZHAO2,Xing YAN2,Fu-quan SUN2   

  1. 1.College of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering，Jilin University，Changchun 130022，China
    2.School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering，Beijing University of Technology，Beijing 100124，China
  • Received:2024-05-16 Online:2025-05-01 Published:2025-07-18
  • Contact: Ying LI E-mail:lzf@bjut.edu.cn;li_ying@bjut.edu.cn

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摘要：

针对直线导轨装配过程中，由预紧载荷作用引起的装配变形机理不明确导致的导轨装配直线度难以预测的问题，首先在建立直线导轨装配变形模型的基础上，讨论了理想和实际情况下的导轨装配变形；其次，考虑了导轨安装面的制造误差对导轨装配精度的影响，提出了综合装配变形和制造误差的导轨装配直线度误差预测模型，并提出了基于装配变形反修制造误差的导轨装配精度控制方法；最后，搭建实验台并通过实验验证理论模型及精度控制方法的准确性，结果表明：导轨装配直线度误差减小了64.5%。

关键词: 机械制造及其自动化, 装配变形, 制造误差, 数控机床, 直线导轨

Abstract:

Aiming at the linear guide assembly process， due to the preload load caused by the assembly deformation mechanism is not clear resulting in the guide assembly straightness is difficult to predict the problem. In this paper， based on the establishment of linear guide assembly deformation model， the ideal and actual conditions of the guide assembly deformation is discussed. Secondly， considering the influence of manufacturing error of the guide rail mounting surface on the guide rail assembly accuracy， it puts forward the integrated assembly deformation and manufacturing error of the guide rail assembly straightness error prediction model， and puts forward the control method of the guide rail assembly accuracy based on the assembly deformation and the inverse repair manufacturing error. Finally， the experimental bench is built and the accuracy of the theoretical model and accuracy control method is verified through experiments， and the results show that the straightness error of the guideway assembly is reduced by 64.5%.

Key words: mechanical manufacture and automation, assembly deformation, manufacturing error, cnc machine tools, linear guideways

中图分类号: 

  • TG95

图1

直线导轨装配示意图"

图2

床身受力分析模型"

图3

螺栓预紧力均匀时导轨装配变形"

图4

连接结构示意图及实物图"

图5

固定紧固扭矩下螺栓预紧力分布"

图6

螺栓预紧力分散时导轨装配变形"

图7

测量数据与拟合曲线"

图8

考虑制造误差和装配变形的导轨装配直线度"

图9

实验台实物图"

图10

螺栓预紧力采集系统"

表1

螺栓预紧力测量结果"

螺栓编号预紧力/kN螺栓编号预紧力/kN
129.5927.9
226.51029.4
328.01128.5
425.51226.5
526.01326.7
627.51428.75
725.51526.75
825.251627.0

图11

导轨装配变形预测结果"

图12

导轨安装面的制造误差测量"

图13

导轨安装面的直线度误差曲线"

图14

理想导轨安装面直线度曲线与导轨装配变形曲线"

图15

导轨安装面预修调前后的导轨装配直线度对比"

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