吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (7): 1709-1718.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20210103

• 农业工程·仿生工程 • 上一篇    

油菜直播机扣垡犁体参数分析与试验

魏国粱1,2(),张青松1,2,王彪1,2,何坤1,2,廖庆喜1,2()   

  1. 1.华中农业大学 工学院,武汉 430070
    2.华中农业大学 农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-28 出版日期:2022-07-01 发布日期:2022-08-08
  • 通讯作者: 廖庆喜 E-mail:1142673534@qq.com;liaoqx@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:魏国粱(1993-),男,博士研究生. 研究方向:现代农业装备设计与测控.E-mail:1142673534@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32001427);国家油菜产业体系专项项目(CARS-12);湖北省农业科技创新行动项目

Analysis and experiment on parameters of plough body of rapeseed direct seeder

Guo-liang WEI1,2(),Qing-song ZHANG1,2,Biao WANG1,2,Kun HE1,2,Qing-xi LIAO1,2()   

  1. 1.College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid?lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China
  • Received:2021-01-28 Online:2022-07-01 Published:2022-08-08
  • Contact: Qing-xi LIAO E-mail:1142673534@qq.com;liaoqx@mail.hzau.edu.cn

摘要:

针对在长江中下游稻油轮作区秸秆量大、现有油菜直播机采用传统翻垡方式导致秸秆埋覆率低、回垡立垡现象突出的问题,提出了基于土垡先抬、后扣的侧边翻埋工艺方案,设计了一种与油菜直播机配套,能实现高茬水稻秸秆工况下的土垡侧边翻扣功能的扣垡犁。分析了扣垡犁主要结构和工作过程,构建土垡扣垡阶段力学模型,明确了扣垡犁的扣垡方式,确定了实现扣垡功能的扣垡犁宽深比为1.5~1.96。基于扣垡方式,确定了犁体曲面主要结构参数,并开展了作业阻力分析。扣垡犁田间作业性能表明,扣垡犁较优参数如下:犁铧宽度为150 mm,耕深为180 mm,此时扣垡犁作业阻力为5.54 kN,扣垡率为92.25%;扣垡犁与翻垡犁田间对比试验表明:扣垡犁相比翻垡犁扣垡率提高了34.54%,作业性能优于翻垡犁。以犁旋组合式油菜直播机为试验平台,扣垡犁较优参数下开展田间验证试验,结果表明:作业后地表平均秸秆埋覆率为91.41%,厢面平整度为16.22~21.05 mm,碎土率均高于90.89%,满足油菜种床耕整要求。该研究可为油菜直播秸秆翻埋装置和扣垡犁体曲面设计提供参考。

关键词: 农业机械化工程, 油菜, 犁体曲面, 扣垡方式, 宽深比

Abstract:

To solve the problems of low straw burying rate and obvious straw returning and standing when plow body of the straw burying part of rapeseed direct seeding was designed with traditional turning way in rice oil rotation area of middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, the technology scheme of side overturning and burying based on first lifting and then buckling of soil ridge was proposed, and a kind of buckling plough matched with rape direct seeder was designed, which can realize the function of side overturning and burying of soil ridge when the previous stubble was high stubble rice straw. The main structure and working process of the buckle plough were analyzed, and the mechanical model of the buckle plough stage was constructed. The buckle plough's buckle mode was defined, and the fact that the buckle plough can better realize the buckle function when the width depth ratio was 1.5~1.96 was determined. Based on the buckle way, the main structural parameters of plow surface were determined, and the operation resistance was analyzed. The results of field performance of buckle plough showed that the optimal parameters were: plowshare width of 150 mm, working depth of 180 mm, the resistance of 5.54 kN, and the rate of 92.25%; the field comparative test of button plow and turn plow showed that the rate of bucking was 34.54% higher than that of turning plow, and the performance was better than turning plow. The field verification test was carried out on the rape direct seeder with plough and rotary combination under the optimal parameters of bucking plough. The results showed that the average straw coverage rate was 91.41%, the evenness of compartment surface was 16.22~21.05 mm, and the broken soil rate was higher than 90.89%, which met the requirements of rape seed bed tillage. This study can provide a reference for the design of straw burying device and plow surface.

Key words: agricultural mechanization engineering, rapeseed, plow surface, buckle way, wide and deep ratio

中图分类号: 

  • S222.12

图1

犁翻旋耕组合式油菜直播机结构示意图"

图2

扣垡犁结构示意图"

图3

土垡扣垡工艺方案图"

图4

扣垡犁犁体曲面形成原理图"

表1

单位向量变化规律"

zθb(u)zθb(u)
050(0.64,0.71,0.30)2547.3(0.68,0.67,0.30)
6.3550(0.64,0.71,0.30)3045.6(0.7,0.65,0.30)
1049.9(0.64,0.71,0.30)3543.5(0.73,0.61,0.30)
1549.6(0.65,0.70,0.30)4041.1(0.75,0.59,0.30)
2048.5(0.66,0.69,0.30)4240(0.77,0.56,0.30)

图5

犁体曲面受力简图"

表2

试验田块工况"

工况试验类型

平均土壤

含水/%

平均土壤

坚实度/kPa

秸秆(干质量)覆盖量/(g·m-2

秸秆

含水

率/%

1扣垡犁田间作业性能和对比试验28.32162438251.27
2

整机田间

验证试验

29.46103547862.34

表3

试验因素水平"

水平犁铧宽度/mm耕深/mm
1100160
2150180
3200200

表4

作业性能试验结果"

试验号试验因素试验指标
AB扣垡率/%阻力/kN
11185.164.05
21287.844.98
31388.586.23
42186.364.28
52292.255.54
62393.717.06
73186.814.81
83292.356.21
93394.218.15

表5

方差分析"

差异源平方和自由度均方F扣垡率差异源平方和自由度均方F阻力
因素A17.4928.745.11因素A2.5621.2814.92*
因素B57.93228.9716.94*因素B11.2925.6465.80**
误差6.8441.71误差0.3440.09
总和82.268总和14.198

表6

扣垡犁与翻垡犁田间试验结果"

试验指标试验组扣垡犁翻垡犁
平均耕深/mm1181186
2178181
3184183
耕深稳定性系数/%191.8590.56
293.2493.58
392.1392.12
平均耕宽/mm1308309
2301299
3312311
耕宽稳定性系数/%176.2385.26
280.4587.62
378.1280.04
扣垡率/%192.3358.62
291.6852.15
392.7462.36

图6

田间作业效果"

图7

整机田间试验效果"

表7

整机田间试验结果"

试验指标试验组试验结果
平均耕深/mm1226
2235
3230
耕深稳定性系数/%190.11
293.46
392.08
平均耕宽/mm12357
22336
32392
耕宽稳定性系数/%194.21
292.18
393.54
厢面平整度/mm120.13
216.22
321.05
秸秆埋覆率/%192.03
290.88
391.35
碎土率/%190.89
291.38
392.59
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