考虑工具和空间约束的机器人装配线平衡优化

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20180674

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了提高流水装配线的效率和产能，在进行机器人装配线平衡的同时，优化任务资源的占用空间大小，考虑工具的占用空间及切换次数，在工作站数量最小化以及每个工作站占用空间最小化两个冲突目标之间寻求平衡。针对该带约束的多目标优化问题，首先建立数学模型，然后提出一种改进的多目标免疫克隆算法，基于该问题的特殊性提出了针对性的编码方式，引入了Pareto前沿排序、精英策略、全局搜索策略，以提升该算法的综合性能。最后，对不同规模的实例问题进行优化，并且与其他算法进行对比，以评价本文算法的效率和优越性。结果表明：本文算法在得到的解数量与质量方面都更加有效，对于不同规模问题都具有可行性。

关键词: 计算机应用, 机器人, 装配线平衡, 空间约束, 多目标, 免疫克隆算法

Abstract:

In order to improve the efficiency and productivity of the assembly line, the assembly line area was optimized and the space occupied by the tools and changeover for each task were taken into consideration when balancing the robotic assembly line. The two conflicting objective functions considered in this article were to minimize the cycle time of the number of workstations and to minimize the area of each workstation. A mathematical model was first established. In order to effectively solve this problem, a coding method based on separator genes was designed and then an improved multi-objective immune clonal algorithm was proposed for the constrained multi-objective optimization problem. Pareto frontier sorting, elite strategy, and global search were introduced to enhance the performance of the algorithm. Finally, the problems of different scales were optimized and the results were compared with other algorithms to evaluate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the algorithm is effective on both quantity and quality of solutions, and feasible for different scales of problems.

Key words: computer applications, robots, assembly line balancing, space constraint, multi-objective, immune clonal algorithm

中图分类号:

TP391

周炳海,吴琼. 考虑工具和空间约束的机器人装配线平衡优化[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2019, 49(6): 2069-2075.

Bing-hai ZHOU,Qiong WU. Balancing and optimization of robotic assemble lines withtool and space constraint[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2019, 49(6): 2069-2075.

图/表 6

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参考文献

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9	焦玉玲, 徐良成, 王占中, 等 . 基于有向网络的双U型装配线平衡实验与分析[J]. 吉林大学学报:工学版, 2018, 48(2):454-459.
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10	周炳海,康雪云 .考虑切换时间的机器人装配线平衡优化方法[J]. 湖南大学学报:自然科学版, 2017,44(8):35-42.
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算法	参数
NSGA?II	Q=100;P _m=0.4;P _c=0.6
MICA	Q=100;P _m=0.4;P _c=0.6;μ=10
AMICA	Q=100;P _m=0.4;P _c=0.6
	μ=10;α=(0, 0.8);γ=40

问题名称		NSGA?II				MICA				AMICA
问题名称		N	GD	s	T	N	GD	s	T	N	GD	s	T
小规模	WEEMAG (I=75,CT=56)	5	6.35	1.72	154	3	8.34	2.22	144	8	4.75	1.07	181
小规模	LUTZ2 (I=89，CT=16)	6	1.43	75.39	179	4	3.65	90.35	114	5	1.62	69.86	200
中规模	BARTHOLD (I=148， CT=805)	14	4.98	26.19	452	10	6.34	31.16	463	18	3.09	24.55	497
中规模	BARTHOL2 (I=148，CT=85)	4	5.06	11.32	356	3	8.86	13.28	299	6	3.88	8.29	398
大规模	SCHOLL (I=297，CT=1394)	8	52.45	8.29	398	7	60.23	185.37	492	11	32.18	97.91	862
大规模	NTIGen (I=320，CT=169.55)	8	3.98	7.70	723	6	5.02	10.31	693	11	1.77	5.23	1196
均值		8.33	37.49	111.09	378.08	6.41	48.145	145.93	326.0	10.83	36.71	101.65	487.42