基于实时路况地图的短期养护作业开始时间优化

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20200138

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

首先，提出了一种基于实时路况地图的实时路况数据采集方法；然后，提出可以将实时路况转换成实时交通量的方法，基于此实时交通量数据和经典的基于排队论的延误计算参数法，可计算不同养护作业开始时间下的延误，进而计算不同开始时间对应的养护总费用；最后，将得到的使总费用最小的时间作为最优养护作业开始时间。通过实际案例验证了本文提出的实时路况到实时交通量的转换方法的可靠性，以及基于实时路况地图数据对养护作业开始时间进行优化的可行性。

关键词: 道路工程, 养护作业, 时间优化, 实时路况地图, 数据采集, 排队论

Abstract:

A real-time traffic status data acquisition method based on real-time traffic map was first proposed， and then a method that can convert real-time traffic status into real-time traffic volume was put forward. Based on this real-time traffic volume data and the classic delay calculation method based on queuing theory， the delays caused by maintenance operations at different start time can be calculated， the total cost due to the maintenance can be further obtained and compared， and therefore the optimal maintenance operation start time can be obtained. The reliability of the real-time traffic status data to real-time traffic volume data conversion method and the feasibility of optimizing the maintenance operation start time based on real-time traffic map data are verified by actual cases.

Key words: road engineering, maintenance operation, time optimization, real-time traffic map, data acquisition, queuing theory

中图分类号:

U418.2

许哲谱,杨群. 基于实时路况地图的短期养护作业开始时间优化[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2021, 51(5): 1763-1774.

Zhe-pu XU,Qun YANG. Short⁃term maintenance operation start time optimization based on real⁃time traffic map data[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2021, 51(5): 1763-1774.

图/表 23

图1

表1

交通状态与RGB范围对照表"

实时交通状态	颜色	RGB阈值
顺畅	绿	$G ≠ B ?? a n d ?? R ≤ 240$
缓行	橙	$G ≠ B ?? a n d ?? R > 240$
拥堵	红	$G = B ?? a n d ?? R ≥ 200$
严重拥堵	紫	$G = B ?? a n d ?? R < 200$

表1

图2

表2

高速公路车速-流量通用模型参数表"

设计车速U_s/（km·h^-1）	单车道通行能力C/（pcu·h^-1）	$α 1$	$α 2$	$α 3$
120	2200	0.93	1.88	4.85
100	2200	0.95	1.88	4.86
80	2000	1.00	1.88	4.90
60	1800	1.20	1.88	4.88

表2

图3

表3

作业区每个td的总延误DLi计算公式汇总"

一级判断	二级判断	当前时段延误计算公式	备注
当前无累积排队车辆	$Q i ≤ C$	$d 1 = (V 1 - V 2) 2 / (2 ? a 1 ? V 1) d 2 = (1 / V 2 - 1 / V 1) ? L d 3 = (V 1 - V 2) 2 / (2 ? a 2 ? V 1) d 4 = Q i / [C ? (C - Q i)] D L i = (d 1 + d 2 + d 3 + d 4) ? Q i ? t$	此时路况畅通
当前无累积排队车辆	$Q i > C$	$d 1 = (V 1 - V 2) 2 / (2 ? a 1 ? V 1) d 2 = (1 / V 2 - 1 / V 1) ? L d 3 = (V 1 - V 2) 2 / (2 ? a 2 ? V 1) D 4 = Q i - 1 t d + 12 (Q i - C) t d 2 D L i = (d 1 + d 2 + d 3) ? Q i ? t + D 4$	排队开始形成
当前有累积排队车辆	$Q i < C$	$d 1 = (V 1 - V 2) 2 / (2 ? a 1 ? V 1) d 2 = (1 / V 2 - 1 / V 1) ? L d 3 = (V 1 - V 2) 2 / (2 ? a 2 ? V 1) D 4 = Q i - 1 2 2 (C - Q i) D L i = (d 1 + d 2 + d 3) ? Q i ? t + D 4$	排队开始消散
当前有累积排队车辆	$Q i ≥ C$	$d 1 = (V 1 - V 2) 2 / (2 ? a 1 ? V 1) d 2 = (1 / V 2 - 1 / V 1) ? L d 3 = (V 1 - V 2) 2 / (2 ? a 2 ? V 1) D 4 = Q i - 1 t d + 12 (Q i - C) t d 2 D L i = (d 1 + d 2 + d 3) ? Q i ? t + D 4$	排队继续增加

表3

图4

图5

表4

图6

图7

表5

表6

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

表7

图13

表8

表9

图14

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路况	畅通	缓行	拥堵
速度范围/（km·h^-1）	55~92	27~55	0~27
定量化值/（km·h^-1）	67	42	18

序号	交通量/［pcu·（h·ln）^-1］	速度均值/（km·h^-1）	序号	交通量/［pcu·（h·ln）^-1］	速度均值/（km·h^-1）
1	1040	67.7	7	1080	65.7
2	1100	65.1	8	1060	61.1
3	1080	61.7	9	980	62.5
4	1020	69.9	10	1060	65.1
5	1100	60.2	11	1000	67.1
6	940	68.8	12	940	65.1

序号	交通量/［pcu·（h·ln）^-1］	序号	交通量/［pcu·（h·ln）^-1］	序号	交通量/［pcu·（h·ln）^-1］
1	1800	5	1740	9	1860
2	1800	6	1920	10	1860
3	1740	7	1680	11	1680
4	1920	8	1680	12	1740

场景	畅通速度/（km·h^-1）	畅通交通量/（pcu·h^-1·ln^-1）	拥堵速度/（km·h^-1）	拥堵交通量/（pcu·h^-1·ln^-1）
1	67	1047	18	1911
2	63	1200	18	1911
3	70	850	18	1911
4	67	1047	5	2100

项目	总费用最大	总费用最小
总费用/元	5 772 700	17 429
施工费用/元\|占比/%	10 562\|0.2	10 562\|60.6
延误费用/元\|占比/%	5 761 228\|99.8	5 958\|34.2
事故费用/元\|占比/%	83\|0.0	84\|0.48
燃油费用/元\|占比/%	824\|0.0	825\|4.7