油菜联合收获机筛下物组分质量比对清选性能的影响

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20200487

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对油菜联合收获机筛下物组分在不同质量比条件下，旋风分离清选系统性能差异较大的问题，开展了筛下物组分质量比对旋风分离清选系统性能影响的研究。基于自主研发的4LYZ-2.0型油菜联合收获机，开展了以切抛组合式纵轴流脱粒分离装置切碎滚筒和脱粒滚筒转速为因素的双因素试验；以筛下物组分质量比为因素开展了二次旋转正交组合试验，构建了荚壳、短茎秆质量比与清洁率、损失率之间的回归模型，基于多目标优化明确了荚壳、短茎秆质量比的较优变化区间。双因素试验表明：切碎滚筒转速为430~550 r/min、脱粒滚筒转速为450~650 r/min时，筛下物中荚壳、短茎秆、轻杂余、籽粒质量比变化区间分别为20.86%~31.68%、9.12%~16.47%、8.36%~11.27%、50.05%~51.93%；多目标优化结果表明：当荚壳质量比在20.00%~27.67%、短茎秆质量比在9.00%~12.08%时，旋风分离清选系统损失率低于6%、清洁率大于94%；田间试验表明：当切碎滚筒转速为550 r/min、脱粒滚筒转速为450 r/min时，脱粒装置夹带损失率为2.01%，旋风分离清选系统损失率为5.39%、清洁率为94.62%，为油菜联合收获机脱粒分离装置和清选系统的参数优化与匹配提供了参考。

关键词: 农业机械化工程, 油菜, 联合收获机, 旋风分离, 筛下物组分质量比

Abstract:

Existing rape combine harvester， which can complete multiple working procedures at one time and takes the advantage of efficient and time-saving， has the challenges that the cyclone cleaning system is significantly different when the mass ratio of the components under sieve of the rape combine harvester is different. Based on the self-developed 4LYZ-2.0 rape combine harvester， a two factor experiment was carried out， in which the rotation speed of the chopping drum and threshing drum of the combined longitudinal axial flow device of cutting and throwing was taken as the factors. The mass ratio of the components under sieve is regarded as the experimental factor of the quadratic rotation orthogonal combination test， and constructs the regression model between the mass ratio of the pod shell and the short stem， the cleaning rate and the loss rate. Based on the multi-objective optimization， the better change range of the mass ratio of pod shell and short stem was defined. The results of two factor test showed that when the rotation speed of chopping drum was 430~550 r/min， and the rotation speed of threshing drum was 450~650 r/min， the change range of pod shell， short stem， light impurity， and the proportion of rapeseed were 20.86%~31.68%， 9.12%~16.47%， 8.36%~11.27%， 50.05%~51.93%. The multi-objective optimization results showed that when the proportion of pod shell was 20.00%~27.67% and the proportion of short stem was 9.00%~12.08%， the loss rate of cleaning system was lower than 6% and the cleaning rate was higher than 94%. The field test shows that when the threshing clearance is 30mm， the rotation speed of the cutting drum is 550 r/min and the rotation speed of the threshing drum is 450 r/min， the entrainment loss rate of the threshing device is 2.01%， the loss rate of the cyclone cleaning system is 5.39%， and the cleaning rate is 94.62%. 4LYZ-2.0 rape combine harvester can meet the working requirements. By adjusting the operating parameters of the vertical axial flow threshing and separating device， the proportion of the components under sieve can be adjusted to achieve better cleaning performance.

Key words: agricultural mechanization engineering, rape, combine harvester, cyclone separation, components mass ratio under sieve

中图分类号:

S225.99

袁佳诚,王昌,何坤,万星宇,廖庆喜. 油菜联合收获机筛下物组分质量比对清选性能的影响[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2021, 51(5): 1897-1907.

Jia-cheng YUAN,Chang WANG,Kun HE,Xing-yu WAN,Qing-xi LIAO. Effect of components mass ratio under sieve on cleaning system performance for rape combine harvester[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2021, 51(5): 1897-1907.

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项目	参数或方式
行走方式	履带自走式
动力/kW	72
作业系统驱动方式	液压驱动
长×宽×高/（mm×mm×mm）	5400×2300×2800
割幅/mm	2000
留茬高度/mm	100~350
喂入量/（kg·s^-1）	2~3
作业效率/（10000 m²·h^-1）	0.43~0.72

装置	滚筒直径/mm	滚筒长度/mm	间隙/mm
辅助喂入辊	180	580	—
切碎装置	400	580	3
脱粒分离装置	440	2200	30

水平	因素
水平	切碎滚筒转速A/（r·min^-1）	脱粒滚筒转速B/（r·min^-1）
1	430	450
2	460	500
3	490	550
4	520	600
5	550	650

筛下物组分质量比	来源	自由度	显著性P
荚壳	A	4	0.001^＊＊
荚壳	B	4	0.001^＊＊
短茎秆	A	4	0.001^＊＊
短茎秆	B	4	0.001^＊＊
轻杂余	A	4	0.001^＊＊
轻杂余	B	4	0.001^＊＊
籽粒	A	4	0.125
籽粒	B	4	0.052

序号	x₁	x₂	x₃	清洁率/%		损失率/%	清洁率隶属度	损失率隶属度	综合评分
1	1	1	1	96.01		4.39	0.97	0.02	0.33
2	1	2	2	94.71		4.36	0.74	0.01	0.25
3	1	3	3	93.39		4.41	0.51	0.03	0.16
4	1	4	4	92.05		4.37	0.27	0.01	0.08
5	1	5	5	90.54		4.32	0.00	0.00	0.00
6	2	1	2	96.18		4.71	1.00	0.11	0.28
7	2	2	3	94.91		4.77	0.77	0.13	0.19
8	2	3	4	93.61		4.86	0.54	0.16	0.09
9	2	4	5	92.22		4.93	0.30	0.18	-0.01
10	2	5	1	90.72		4.78	0.03	0.13	-0.08
11	3	1	3	95.89		5.44	0.95	0.33	0.12
12	3	2	4	94.67		5.63	0.73	0.38	0.01
13	3	3	5	93.41		5.47	0.51	0.33	-0.04
14	3	4	1	92.02		5.48	0.26	0.34	-0.13
15	3	5	2	90.57		5.52	0.01	0.35	-0.22
16	4	1	4	96.11		6.25	0.99	0.56	-0.02
17	4	2	5	94.89		6.28	0.77	0.57	-0.10
18	4	3	1	93.61		6.31	0.54	0.58	-0.19
19	4	4	2	92.23		6.29	0.30	0.57	-0.27
20	4	5	3	90.77		6.41	0.04	0.61	-0.38
21	5	1	5	95.98		7.52	0.96	0.93	-0.27
22	5	2	4	94.76		7.67	0.75	0.97	-0.37
23	5	3	3	93.46		7.58	0.52	0.95	-0.43
24	5	4	2	92.11		7.62	0.28	0.96	-0.53
25	5	5	1	90.63		7.76	0.02	1.00	-0.64
k₁	0.317		0.146		-0.144
k₂	0.155		-0.008		-0.133
k₃	-0.087		-0.137		-0.147
k₄	-0.318		-0.549		-0.161
k₅	-0.748		-0.442		-0.139
R	0.317		0.146		-0.144
因素主次			x₁>x₂>x₃