基于种群胁迫的有限齿侧空间高速充种理论与试验

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20220380

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对型孔式穴播器在高速作业（大于4 km/h）时的起拱、漏充问题，提出基于种群胁迫的有限齿侧空间（也称持种空间）引导的排列、调姿高速充种新方法并设计了相应的取种盘。通过建立有限齿侧空间内棉种充填过程的运动学模型对排列、调姿的棉种进行力学分析，阐述了本方法如何通过半精量充种、自适应调姿排列迁移、旋转定量充填3个阶段一步步定量分离种子，从而避免种子在充种过程中起拱、漏充问题。采用Box-Behnken中心组合方法进行了三因素三水平回归正交试验，分别建立单粒率、空穴率和多粒率多的元回归模型，以单粒率、空穴率和多粒率为目标，对各影响因素参数进行了优化，最优参数组合为：摩擦因数为0.46，种群高度为0.4 kg（本文采用种子在穴播器内的总用质量代替其在穴播器内的种群高度），转速为1.8 r/s（线速度为9.36 km/s），此时单粒率为98.03%，空穴率为0.40%，多粒率为1.57%，在此条件下，台架试验单粒率为92.86%、空穴率为6.43%，多粒率为0.71%，与仿真结果误差较小。

关键词: 机械设计及理论, 穴播器, 齿侧空间, 高速, 排列调姿

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem of arch lifting and leakage of hole-type seeder in high-speed operation （more than 4 km/h）， a new method of high-speed seed filling with arrangement and state-of-motion adjustment guided by limited gear-shaped side space （seed holding space） based on stress of the seed group was proposed， and the corresponding seed tray was designed. By establishing the kinematic model of the filling process of cotton seeds in the seed holding space， the mechanical analysis of the cotton seeds with arrangement and state-of-motion adjustment is carried out， and how to quantitatively separate the seeds step by step through the three stages of semi precision filling， self-adaptive state-of-motion adjustment and migration， and rotating quantitative filling is described， so as to avoid the arch lifting and leakage in the filling process. The box Behnken central combination method was used to carry out the three factor and three level regression orthogonal test， and the regression models of qualified index， leakage index and multiple index were established respectively. The parameters of each influencing factor were optimized with the qualified index， leakage index and multiple index as the objectives. The optimal parameter combination was： the friction coefficient was 0.46， the seed height was 0.4 kg （in this paper， the total mass of seeds in the seeder was used to replace the seed height）， the rotate speed is 1.8 r/s （the linear speed is 9.36 km/s）， providing a maximum qualified index 98.03%， a minimum leakage index 0.40%， and the multiple index is 1.57%. Under these conditions， the qualified index is 92.86%， the leakage index is 6.43%， and the multiple index is 0.71% in the bench test， which has little error with the simulation results.

Key words: mechanical design and theory, hill-drop planter, gear-shaped side space, high speed, state-of-motion adjustment and arrayment

中图分类号:

S223.2

胡斌,蔡一全,罗昕,毛自斌,李俊伟,郭孟宇,王剑. 基于种群胁迫的有限齿侧空间高速充种理论与试验[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2024, 54(2): 574-588.

Bin HU,Yi-quan CAI,Xin LUO,Zi-bin MAO,Jun-wei LI,Meng-yu GUO,Jian WANG. Theory and experiment of high⁃speed seed filling in limited gear⁃shaped side space based on seeds group stress[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(2): 574-588.

图/表 15

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

表1

表2

表3

表 4

回归模型方差分析"

方差来源	单粒率				空穴率				多粒率
方差来源	平方和	自由度	F值	P值	平方和	自由度	F值	P值	平方和	自由度	F值	P值
模型	1074.99	9	49.62	<0.0001**	1071.00	9	52.42	<0.0001**	12.22	3	3.89	0.0348*
X₁	53.66	1	22.30	0.0022**	19.03	1	8.38	0.0231*	8.80	1	8.40	0.0124*
X₂	625.16	1	259.73	<0.0001**	703.31	1	309.78	<0.0001**	2.28	1	2.18	0.1639
X₃	117.96	1	49.01	0.0002**	142.21	1	62.64	<0.0001**	1.14	1	1.09	0.3157
X₁X₂	15.41	1	6.40	0.0392*	5.38	1	2.37	0.1675
X₁X₃	3.19	1	1.32	0.2877	4.20	1	1.85	0.2158
X₂X₃	107.43	1	44.63	0.0003**	82.90	1	36.52	0.0005**
X $12$	18.71	1	7.77	0.0270*	7.74	1	3.41	0.1073
X $22$	127.26	1	52.87	0.0002**	100.20	1	44.13	0.0003**
X $32$	0.0044	1	0.0018	0.9672	0.9036	1	0.3980	0.5482
残差	16.85	7			15.989	7			13.61	13
失拟	12.94	3	4.41	0.0929	11.45	3	3.43	0.1321	11.93	9	3.15	0.1405
误差	3.91	4			4.44	4			1.68	4
总和	1091.84	16			1086.89	16			25.83	16

表 4

图10

图11

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参数	棉种	取种盘	其余部件
泊松比	0.25	0.41	0.28
剪切模量/Pa	1×10⁶	8.9×10⁸	8.2×10¹⁰
密度/（kg?m^-3）	640	1130	7890
碰撞恢复系数（与颗粒）	0.30	0.62	0.52
静摩擦因数（与颗粒）	0.56	0.48	0.50
滚动摩擦因数（与颗粒）	0.15	0.09	0.1

编码	因素
编码	摩擦因数μ₁	种高z/kg	转速n/（r?s^-1）
-1	0.44	0.2	1.0
0	0.48	0.3	1.5
1	0.52	0.4	2.0

序号	影响因素			响应指标
序号	摩擦因数X₁	种群高度X₂	转速X₃	单粒率A/%	空穴率M/%	多粒率D/%
1	-1	-1	0	81.07	18.57	0.36
2	1	-1	0	71.79	23.57	4.64
3	-1	1	0	96.79	1.07	2.14
4	1	1	0	95.36	1.43	3.21
5	-1	0	-1	96.43	2.86	0.71
6	1	0	-1	93.21	4.30	2.49
7	-1	0	1	92.14	7.14	0.71
8	1	0	1	85.35	12.68	1.97
9	0	-1	-1	90.36	9.29	0.36
10	0	1	-1	95.71	0.71	3.57
11	0	-1	1	70.71	28.93	0.36
12	0	1	1	96.79	2.14	1.07
13	0	0	0	95.00	3.21	1.79
14	0	0	0	92.86	5.71	1.43
15	0	0	0	94.64	4.64	0.71
16	0	0	0	92.86	5.36	1.78
17	0	0	0	93.93	5.71	0.36

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