吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 1236-1245.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20180229

• • 上一篇    

基于模型实验的拖拉机配置对稳定性的影响差异

秦嘉浩1,2(),李臻1,2,光岡宗司3,井上英二3,宋正河1,2,朱忠祥1,2()   

  1. 1. 中国农业大学 工学院，北京 100083
    2. 中国农业大学 现代农业装备优化设计北京市重点实验室，北京100083
    3. 日本九州大学 农学部，日本 福岡 8120025
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-29 出版日期:2019-07-01 发布日期:2019-07-16
  • 通讯作者: 朱忠祥 E-mail:qinjh@cau.edu.cn;zhuzhonxiang@cau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:秦嘉浩（1990?），男，博士研究生. 研究方向：拖拉机侧向稳定性控制. E?mail：qinjh@cau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0700504);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2017QC191)

Significance variation of factorial effects on tractor stability employing scale⁃model⁃based experimental approach

Jia⁃hao QIN1,2(),Zhen LI1,2,Muneshi MITSUOKA3,Eiji INOUE3,Zheng⁃he SONG1,2,Zhong⁃xiang ZHU1,2()   

  1. 1. College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
    2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Optimized Design for Modern Agricultural Equipment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
    3. Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 8120025, Japan
  • Received:2018-03-29 Online:2019-07-01 Published:2019-07-16
  • Contact: Zhong?xiang ZHU E-mail:qinjh@cau.edu.cn;zhuzhonxiang@cau.edu.cn

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摘要：

针对不同路况下拖拉机关键配置对其侧向稳定性的影响差异，搭建了模拟拖拉机在全级随机路面下沿侧向斜坡等高线行驶的比例模型试验系统，提出了基于载荷损失率的稳定性评价方法，开展了关键配置因素及其交互作用对侧向稳定性的影响差异研究。结果表明：合理增加前配重质量对提高各种路况下的拖拉机稳定性有显著效果，但对中级不平路面（如旋耕场等），配置大直径低压胎前轮和较宽后轮距则更有效；在犁过的农田等较高级不平路面下，配置的优化效果被明显削弱；配置间的交互作用在所有路况下对整机稳定性均没有显著影响。

关键词: 农业工程, 拖拉机稳定性, 显著性差异, 配置优化, 田口试验

Abstract:

Wheeled farm tractors are widely used in farming and accidents involving tractor rollover remain an ongoing problem. Investigating the significance variation of factorial effects on tractor stability on various terrains provides a theoretical reference for designing tractors with higher stability and provides operators criteria for avoiding rollover. In this paper, adopting the scale?model?based experimental approach, we simulated the progress that the tractor running along the side slope in random road surfaces. In order to interpret the rollover trend, we developed an evaluation index, called the load loss rate (LLR), which characterizes the strength of contact between the ground and tractor uphill wheels. The results showed that the reasonable increase in the front weight has a significant effect on improving the tractor stability in all kinds of road conditions. However, for medium uneven road surfaces such as farmland and rotary farm, the large diameter and low?pressure tire and the wide rear wheelbase will be more effective. Meanwhile, the optimization of the tractor configuration has been significantly impaired in higher uneven terrain such as plowed fields. In addition, the interaction of the configurational factors has no significant effect on the overall machine stability under all road conditions. The results of this paper may provide a theoretical reference for the targeted optimization of tractor configuration, which can help to improve the stability of tractors in complex road conditions.

Key words: agricultural engineering, tractor stability, significance variation, optimal configuration, Taguchi experiment

中图分类号: 

  • S219.1

表1

拖拉机不同工作环境路况PSD拟合模型参数"

地形（路况） W Gq (n 0)/(10-6m3)
a：压实的沙路 2.51 50
b：未铺砌的农场 2.4 256
c：草地 2.3 1744
d：农场道路 1.74 48
e：农田 1.31 248
f：旋耕场 1.076 420.9
g：犁过的农田 0.618 1069.9

图1

拖拉机作业环境路况不平度分级"

图2

全级随机路面比例模型"

图3

基本电路系统与数据采集系统"

图4

拖拉机?斜坡全级随机路面试验平台"

表2

信号因素及其水平"

水平 A B C
1 36M 0 0
2 50L 10% 30%
3 50H 20% 60%

表3

前轮轮胎特性参数"

前轮轮胎类型 直径/mm 刚度/(N·m-1)
36M 36 298（中级刚度）
50L 50 152（低级刚度）
50H 50 652（高级刚度）

表4

田口试验方案"

序号 A B (A×B)1 (A×B)2 C (A×C)1 (A×C)2 (B×C)1 (B×C)2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
- - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - -
27 3 3 2 1 3 2 1 2 1

图5

评价指标在D、E级路面和全级路面试验中的均值和信噪比主效应对比"

图6

基于前轮稳定性评价指标的均值和信噪比主效应"

图7

不同因素及其相互作用对前轮稳定性影响显著性的变化趋势"

图8

基于后轮稳定性评价指标的均值和信噪比主效应"

图9

不同因素及其相互作用对前轮稳定性影响显著性的变化趋势"

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