玉米籽粒直收机板齿式脱粒装置设计与试验

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20220135

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为满足黄淮海地区较高含水率玉米籽粒直收作业要求，解决现有玉米系列直收过程中易出现籽粒损伤和未脱率高的问题，结合黄淮海地区玉米收获特点，设计了脱粒齿板与脱粒凹板螺旋分布的板齿式脱粒滚筒，以及结合圆管栅格脱粒凹板的板齿式纵轴流脱粒装置。对关键部件进行理论分析，确定了影响脱粒性能的主要因素。通过4YZ-6型玉米籽粒直收机进行单因素试验，得到脱粒性能较好时滚筒转速、脱粒间隙、板齿长度的变化范围。以滚筒转速、脱粒间隙、板齿长度为试验因素进行正交试验，确定了较优的参数组合：滚筒转速为350 r/min，脱粒间隙为53 mm、板齿长度为100 mm。在该条件下，玉米果穗的籽粒破碎率为2.73%，未脱净率为0.41%，符合国家相关标准。

关键词: 农业工程, 玉米脱粒, 脱粒元件, 板齿结构, 籽粒直收

Abstract:

In order to meet the requirements of corn direct harvest with high moisture content in Huang Huai Hai area and solve the problems of grain damage and high non threshing rate in the process of direct harvest of existing corn series， combined with the characteristics of corn harvest in Huang Huai Hai area， a plate tooth threshing drum with spiral distribution of threshing tooth plate and threshing concave plate and a plate tooth longitudinal axial flow threshing device combined with circular tube grid threshing concave plate were designed. The rotating speed and diameter of the drum are determined. The stress of the grain in the threshing process of the newly developed plate tooth threshing element is analyzed. It is concluded that the grain crushing rate of the plate tooth threshing is lower than that of the nail tooth threshing. The length and height of the plate tooth are designed， and the main factors affecting the threshing performance are determined. Through the single factor test of 4YZ-6 corn grain harvester， the variation range of drum speed， threshing clearance and plate tooth length is obtained when threshing performance is good. The orthogonal experiment was carried out with the drum speed， threshing clearance and plate tooth length as the experimental factors. The regression equation and significance of the drum speed， threshing clearance and plate tooth length on the grain crushing rate and non threshing rate were obtained， and the experimental factors were analyzed by response surface analysis. The optimal parameter combination is determined： drum speed 350 r/min， threshing clearance 53 mm and plate tooth length 100 mm. Under this condition， the grain crushing rate of corn ear was 2.73%， and the non de purification rate was 0.41%， which met the relevant national standards.

Key words: agricultural engineering, corn threshing, threshing element, board of plate tooth, direct grain

中图分类号:

S225.5

耿端阳,孙延成,王宗源,王其欢,明家锐,杨昊霖,徐海港. 玉米籽粒直收机板齿式脱粒装置设计与试验[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2023, 53(11): 3281-3292.

Duan-yang GENG,Yan-cheng SUN,Zong-yuan WANG,Qi-huan WANG,Jia-rui MING,Hao-lin YANG,Hai-gang XU. Design and experiment of plate tooth threshing device of corn grain direct harvester[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2023, 53(11): 3281-3292.

图/表 18

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

表1

表2

表3

籽粒破碎率方差分析"

变异来源	离均差平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值
总和	5.32	16
模型	5.29	9	0.59	157.32	<0.0001***
X₁	0.054	1	0.054	14.57	0.0066**
X₂	0.13	1	0.13	33.72	<0.0007***
X₃	0.037	1	0.037	9.96	0.016*
X₁X₂	0.31	1	0.31	82.42	<0.0001
X₁X₃	0.013	1	0.013	3.54	0.102
X₂X₃	4.76×10^-3	1	4.76×10^-3	1.27	0.2962
X $12$	2.92	1	2.92	780.11	<0.0001
X $22$	0.61	1	0.61	163.71	<0.0001
X $32$	9.79×10^-3	1	9.79×10^-3	2.62	0.1495
残差	0.026	7	3.73×10^-3
失拟	0.02	3	6.61×10^-3	4.19	0.1002
纯误差	6.32×10^-3	4	1.58×10^-3

表3

表4

未脱净率方差分析"

变异来源	离均差平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值
总和	1.54	16
模型	1.50	9	0.17	30.84	<0.0001***
X₁	0.033	1	0.033	6.01	0.0440*
X₂	0.38	1	0.38	69.42	<0.0001***
X₃	0.056	1	0.056	10.31	0.0148*
X₁X₂	4.9×10^-3	1	4.9×10^-3	0.91	0.3728
X₁X₃	1.22×10^-3	1	1.225×10^-3	0.23	0.6486
X₂X₃	6.96×10^-3	1	6.969×10^-3	1.29	0.2936
X $12$	1	1	1	185.58	<0.0001
X $22$	4.437×10^-3	1	4.437×10^-3	0.82	0.3951
X $32$	4.485×10^-3	1	4.485×10^-3	0.83	0.3927
残差	0.038	7	5.407×10^-3
失拟	0.030	3	9.856×10^-3	4.76	0.0829
纯误差	8.280×10^-3	4	2.07×10^-3

表4

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

图14

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水平	因素
水平	滚筒转速/（r·min^-1）	脱粒间隙/mm	板齿长度/mm
-1	325	48	90
0	350	53	100
1	375	58	110

试验序号	试验因素水平			考核指标
试验序号	X₁	X₂	X₃	籽粒破碎率Y₁/%	未脱净率Y₂/%
1	-1	-1	0	4.53	0.98
2	0	1	1	3.11	0.87
3	0	0	1	2.73	0.41
4	-1	1	0	3.70	1.21
5	-1	1	0	3.62	1.57
6	0	-1	-1	3.47	0.57
7	0	0	0	2.79	0.62
8	1	1	0	4.31	1.32
9	0	0	0	2.85	0.62
10	0	1	-1	3.32	0.97
11	1	-1	0	4.11	0.87
12	1	0	-1	4.01	1.17
13	1	0	1	3.76	1.04
14	0	0	0	2.88	0.65
15	0	0	0	2.87	0.73
16	0	0	0	2.89	0.67
17	-1	0	1	3.68	1.15

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