吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (9): 2946-2957.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20250457

• 交通运输工程·土木工程 • 上一篇    

基于自动驾驶模块化车辆主辅功能分配的公交自适应调度方法

曲昭伟1(),王铭阳1,王喆2(),宋现敏1,张云翔1,黄镜尘1   

  1. 1.吉林大学 交通学院,长春 130022
    2.吉林大学 大数据和网络管理中心,长春 130022
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-25 出版日期:2025-09-01 发布日期:2025-11-14
  • 通讯作者: 王喆 E-mail:quzw@jlu.edu.cn;wangzhe@jlu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:曲昭伟(1962-),男,教授,博士.研究方向:交通控制.E-mail:quzw@jlu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(3A0223774417)

Adaptive scheduling method for bus based on autonomous modular vehicles main⁃auxiliary function allocation

Zhao-wei QU1(),Ming-yang WANG1,Zhe WANG2(),Xian-min SONG1,Yun-xiang ZHANG1,Jing-cheng HUANG1   

  1. 1.College of Transportation,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China
    2.Center for Big Data and Network Management, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
  • Received:2025-05-25 Online:2025-09-01 Published:2025-11-14
  • Contact: Zhe WANG E-mail:quzw@jlu.edu.cn;wangzhe@jlu.edu.cn

摘要:

为实现运力资源的灵活调配,缓解因系统供需失衡造成的资源浪费,同时减少因车辆在站点停靠及乘客车外换乘所产生的出行时间损耗,设计了一种基于AMV主辅功能分配的公交自适应调度方法。建立了考虑线路协同和站点功能划分的优化调度模型,将车辆运营成本最小化和乘客出行延误最小化作为联合优化目标,设计分层自适应升温粒子群-模拟退火算法对模型求解。为验证模型的有效性,基于佛山市公交运营数据进行实例检验,结果表明:相比于传统定容量公交和站点响应式模块公交,本文模型将系统总成本分别降低了35.62%和6.54%,该研究成果有助于提升公交运营效率和服务质量。

关键词: 交通运输系统工程, AMV主辅功能分配, 调度优化, 线路协同, 分层自适应升温粒子群-模拟退火算法

Abstract:

In order to achieve flexible allocation of capacity resources, alleviate the waste of resources due to the imbalance between system supply and demand, and reduce the travel time loss due to vehicle stopping at stations and passenger transferring outside the vehicle, an adaptive scheduling method for bus based on AMV main-auxiliary function allocation was designed. An optimized scheduling model considering route coordination and station function division was established, with minimizing vehicle operating costs and passenger travel delays as the joint optimization objectives. A hierarchical adaptive heating particle swarm-simulated annealing algorithm was designed to solve the model. To verify the effectiveness of the model, an example test was carried out based on the bus operation data in Foshan City, and the results show that compared with the traditional fixed-capacity bus and station-responsive modular bus, the proposed model reduces the total cost of the system by about 35.62% and 6.54%, and the results of this research can help to improve the efficiency of bus operation and service quality.

Key words: engineering of communication and transportation system, AMV main-auxiliary function allocation, dispatch optimization, line coordination, hierarchical adaptive warming particle swarm-simulated annealing algorithm

中图分类号: 

  • U491.5

图1

传统公交系统调度机制"

图2

AMV主辅功能分配的公交自适应调度机制示意图"

表1

模型符号说明"

符号定义
L公交线路集合{L=1,2,?,l,?,x,?,y,?,r}l为任意线路,r为线路总数
J发车车次集合{J=1,2,?,j,?,nl}j为任意车次,nl为线路l在优化周期内总发车次数
S公交站点集合{S=1,2,?,s,?,K}s为任意站点,K为现网站点总数
S?拆合站点集合S?S{S?=s?1,s?2,?,s?K?}K?为拆合站点总数
Sˉ

交织站点集合SˉSKˉ为交织站点总数

{Sˉ=sˉ1,sˉ2,?,sˉa,?,sˉb,?,sˉKˉ}sˉ+1为耦合站点,sˉ+1S?

Ys站点s与站点s+1间的距离
Hlj线路lj辆车从始发站发车的时刻,Hl1为线路l的首发时刻
hlj线路l发出的第jj-1辆车之间的发车间隔,hl1=0
Tlsss+1两站点间的行程时间
tlj,s线路lj辆车到达站点s的时间
tDj,s站点s产生的站点延误时间
tsˉa,sˉb+1车辆从交织站点sˉa行驶到耦合站点sˉb+1的行程时间,a,b=1,2,?,Kˉ
ψl,js普通站点处辅助单元追赶主公交的延误时间
E每名乘客的上下车时间,s/人
τ辅助单元与前进单元组合的铰接延误
Wsˉ由交织站点sˉ发出的公交驶过交织路口产生路口延误
Bsj站点s发出的第j辆车
Bsˉj,d交织站点sˉ发出的第j辆公交车需要拆解到d方向的车厢单元,dL,δ,R
Nl,js站点s发出的第j辆车的车厢单元数目
Nl,jsˉ,d交织站点sˉ发出的第j辆公交车拆解到d方向的车厢单元数目
Bl,js?,down车辆到达拆合站点s?时解离的辅助单元数目
Bl,js?,up车辆到达拆合站点s?时耦合的辅助单元数目
Bl,js,c车辆经过普通站点s时需要解离的辅助单元数目
Ql,jsˉ在交织站点sˉ的增补单元数目
Fl,js车辆j-1j到达站点s的时间间隔内乘客的累计到站人数
Al,js车辆j到达站点s时需要上车的乘客人数
Ul,jsVl,js线路l发出的第j辆车在站点s的实际上、下车人数
Ol,js车辆j驶离站点s的主公交承载的实际在车人数
PjSiˉ,d交织站点sˉi发出的第j辆车中换乘到方向d的乘客数
Dl,js站点s未成功乘坐车辆j产生的滞站等待人数
v模块化公交车的平均行驶速度
C一个车厢单元的载客容量
Nmax模块化公交可悬挂的最大车厢单元数
FN模块数为N的车厢单位运营成本,元/(km?节)

图3

拆合站点的车厢运行示意图"

图4

普通站点的车厢运行示意图"

图5

交织换乘的车辆运行示意图"

图6

公交路线和站点示意图"

图7

站点客流需求"

表2

实验车辆运营参数"

参数名称参数取值
单元载客容量C/(人·节-16
最大悬挂单元Nmax/个8
平均行驶速度v/(km·h-130
单位运营成本FN/[元·(千米节)-11.312 5
上车/下车时间E/(s·pax-13
制动启动时间η/s5
单位时间成本A/(元·min-10.83
乘客步行速度vp/(km·h-14.5
换乘步行距离l/km0.17

表3

求解算法系数取值"

参数含义数值参数含义数值
初始种群规模50最大迭代次数200
变异概率0.05交叉概率0.5
加速因子g1g21.4惯性权重0.7
降温系数0.9升温系数1.1

图8

算法迭代寻优过程"

图9

模块公交自适应服务调度方案的迭代算法优化过程"

图10

模块公交自适应车厢编组方案"

图11

优化前、后换乘延误对比结果"

图12

站点平均延误时间"

图13

延误时间对比分析结果"

图14

总成本对比分析结果"

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