Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition) ›› 2019, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 1081-1091.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20180246

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Design of axle load self⁃adjusting system for multi⁃axle vehicle based on brake tester

Li⁃bin ZHANG1(),Dao WU1,Hong⁃ying SHAN2(),Xiang⁃jing DENG3   

  1. 1. College of Transportation，Jilin University，Changchun 130022，China
    2. College of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering，Jilin University，Changchun 130022，China
    3. Engineering Research Institute，Beijing Electric Vehicle Co Ltd，Beijing 102606，China
  • Received:2018-03-17 Online:2019-07-01 Published:2019-07-16
  • Contact: Hong?ying SHAN E-mail:zlb@jlu.edu.cn.;hy@jlu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Aiming at the problems that the pressure of wheels apply on Anti-force Roller Brake Tester is over large or over small, or even completely overhead for the test of multi-axle tractor braking performance, a detecting system for automatic adjustment of axle load was designed. This system was based on the Solidworks software designed for the axle load self-adjusting lifting device. Taking the four axles truck for example, a vehicle-tester multibody dynamic simulation model was developed in Adams virtual prototype technology. Through the simulation, the axis load-height changing curve was obtained in turn. Combined with the established model of axle load distribution for multi-axle vehicles, the height of the non-detection axis was automatically adjusted to realize the purpose of changing the axle load of the testing axle. To verify the accuracy of the simulation model, a real truck comparison test was carried out. At the same time, in order to verify the feasibility of the detection system, tests of five types of trucks with different curb weight was carried out. The results indicate that the maximum error between the established model and vehicle test is 4.47%, and the relative errors are less than 5% by five types of trucks, meeting the practical test requirement.

Key words: vehicle engineering, multi?axle vehicle, axle load self?adjustment, virtual prototype, axle load distribution

CLC Number: 

  • U472.9

Fig.1

Diagram of basic force system"

Fig.2

Mp , M 1 and Mi of basic force system under load and unit force"

Fig.3

Schematic diagram of layout of lifting device"

Fig.4

Schematic diagram of lifting motion"

Fig.5

"

Fig.6

"

Table 1

Main parameters of heavy truck"

参 数 数 值
整备质量/kg 13810
额定载质量/kg 14490
驾驶员质量/kg 65
一、二轴钢板悬架刚度/(N·m-1) 426087
三、四轴钢板悬架刚度/(N·m-1) 3362745
弹簧片数 10、10、11
轮胎刚度/(N·m-1) 1209000
轮胎阻尼系数/ (N·s·m-1) 50
货箱尺寸/m 6.4×2.3×1.19
整车尺寸/m 9.11×2.49×3.26
轴距/m 1800+2850+1380
轮胎半径/m 0.565
轮胎宽度/m 0.195

Fig.7

Vehicle?tester multibody dynamic simulation model"

Table 2

Main conditional constraint in Adams model"

序号 Part?1 Part?2 约束名称
1 升降装置 地面 固定副
2 制动试验台 地面 固定副
4 升降装置底座 空气弹簧 固定副
5 车轮（一轴） 滚筒 接触副
6 车轮（二轴） 升降装置举升板 接触副
7 车轮（三轴、四轴） 地面 接触副
8 升降装置举升板 空气弹簧 移动副
9 滚筒 滚筒轴承 旋转副
10 四轴车各车轮 四轴车各轴 旋转副

Fig.8

Control scheme of axle load self?adjusting system"

Fig.9

Height?axis load changing curves with ascending process"

Fig.10

Height?axis load changing curve with descending process"

Fig.11

Force model of dual?axis vehicle"

Fig.12

Error graph between simulation curve and test data"

Table 3

Error between simulation results and"

轴名称 非检测轴升高过程 非检测轴下降过程
误差最大值/kg 相对误差/% 误差最大值/kg 相对误差/%
第一轴 138.73 4.47 111.60 3.60
第二轴 117.11 3.99 82.05 2.78
第三轴 56.16 1.43 31.22 0.79
第四轴 80.72 1.98 56.10 1.38

Table 4

Theoretical axial load and actual axle load of each axis"

车 型 轴重制动复合试验台所测轴荷 G e x p i /kg 轴重试验台测得的实际轴荷 G s t i /kg
一轴 二轴 三轴 四轴 一轴 二轴 三轴 四轴
东风牌EQ3240VP4 2672 2900 3357 3542 2574 2902 3421 3574
欧曼牌BJ3247DLPJC?S 2821 3040 3512 3683 2872 3084 3552 3548
福田牌BJ3288DMPHC?1 2962 3351 3968 4249 2915 3285 4054 4276
解放牌CA3300P1K2L3T4EA80 3164 3534 4070 4307 3097 3489 4066 4423
重汽豪沃ZZ3317N3567D1 3609 3949 4608 4862 3684 3978 4534 4832
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