Objective: To evaluate the influence of the topographic features of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)electrospun nanofibers in the culture of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGn)and its coculture with Schwann cells (SCs).Methods: The random and aligned electrospun PMMA nanofibers were constructed to culture the rat DRGn or coculture it with SCs.PMMA film was used as control group. The lentivirus transfected fluorescence reporting gene was used as the coloring method,and the influence of the pographic features of PMMA electrospun nanofibers in the growth of DRGn was observed;in coculture experiment, Fast Fourier Transform of the fluorescence images and Full-width/Half maximum were calculated, and the effects of electrospun fibers on the DRGn and SCs were analyzed. Results:The DRGn and SCs were shown capable to adhere to and grow on PMMA nanofibers respectively;compared with PMMA film group, the average neurite number and average neurite lengthes of the DRGn in radnom and aligned PMMA electrospun nanofibers groups had no significant differences(P>0.05 ).In coculture experiment,PMMA electrospun nanofibers could exert obvious contact guidance on both neurite growth of DRGn and cell process growth of SCs;compared with the cells on PMMA film or random nanofibers,the FWHM of DRGn and SCs on aligned PMMA nanofibers was significantly decreased, and the aligned PMMA nanofibers could promote the neurites of DRGn and SCs to form colocalization. Conclusion: Aligned PMMA electrospun nanofibers have the potentiality as transplantable scaffold after spinal cord injury (SCI),and the topographic features may advance the process of axon myelination of SCs.

Objective: To observe the expressions of small ubiquitin-related modifier protein (SUMO)and related proteins modified by SUMO in the malignant gliomas tissue,and to explore the relationship between sumolation and the occurrence of malignant glioma.Methods: Two samples of normal brain tissues and malignant glioma tissue were prepared as control group and malignant glioma group. The expressions of SUMO1,SUMO2,Aos1,Uba2,UBC9,PIAS1,PIAS2,PIAS3 and Pc2 proteins were detected by Western blotting assay.Results: Compared with control group,the expression levels of SUMO1,SUMO2, Aos1,UBC9 and PIAS3 proteins in malignant glima group were significantly increased (P<0.01), but the expression levels of Uba2,PIAS1 and PIAS2 proteins were decreased(P<0.01). Conclusion: SUMO and poteins modified by SUMO may play an important role in the occurrence of malignant gliomas.

Objective: To explore the expressions of lipoprotein lipase (LPL)gene mRNA in the prefrontal cortex,amygdale,caudate-putamen and hippocampus tissues of the model rats with schizophrenia,and to clarify the mechanism in the pathogeneses of schizophrenia.Methods: The rat modes with schizophrenia were made by administing phencyclidine(PCP)to the prenatal rats.24 model rats were used as model group,and another 21 Wistar rats were used as control group. The models were certified and the cognition changes were detected by Morris water maze test. The expression levels of LPL gene mRNA in the prefrontal cortex,amygdale,caudate-putamen and hippocampus tissues of the model rats with schizophrenia were tested by Real-Time PCR. Results: In Morris water maze test,the time of arriving at the platform of the rats in model group was 4.25 times longer compared with control group(P<0.01). The mRNA expression levels of LPL gene decreased in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of the rats in model group were decreased by 61.7% and 89.0% compared with control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: The decreasing of LPL gene expression levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus tissues of the model rats may be associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia,and it may be related to the cognition disorder.

Objective: To establish starvation-induced autophagy model and explore the influence of CD147 in autophagy of prostate cancer PC-3 cells,and to clarify its mechanism.Methods: Starvation method was employed to establish autophagy model. The experiment included negative control group and CD147 shRNA group (PC-3/shCD147). The autophagy spot formation was detected by GFP-LC-3 plasmid transfection,and the LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 protein expressions were determined by Western blotting method. Tryan blue exclusion assay was used to analyze the cell death. Results: Compared with negative control group,the number of GFP-LC3 spot cells in PC-3/shCD147 group was increased (P<0.01),and the expression levels of LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 were also increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Meanwhile,the cell death rate in PC-3/shCD147 group (38.4%±3.1%)was increased compared with negative control group (22.3%±3.5%)(P<0.05).Conclusion: CD147 can inhibit the starvation-induced autophagy with Beclin-1,and decrease the autophagy death in prostate cancer PC-3 cells.

Objective: To determine the effects of zoledronate (ZOL)on the osteoclast differention and gene expressions of Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK)Ⅱ and Ⅳ,and to clarify their mechanisms. Methods: The mouse RAW264.7 cells were used for osteoclast differentiation and the cells were divided into control and ZOL group. The cells in two groups were induced with receptor activatior of nuclear factor κB ligand(RANKL)(50 mg·L^-1)for 5 d,while the cells in ZOL group were also treated with ZOL (1×10^-6mol·L^-1)for 2 d. 5 d later,the cells were collected and the osteoclastogenesis and the gene expressions of CaMKⅡand CaMKⅣ were detected. Results: The number of osteoclasts,the number and size of resorption lacunaes in ZOL group were 33.0±1.0,46.0±3.5,and (4 125.9±674.8)μm², respevtively,which were significantly lower than those in control group (66.6±3.6,86.0±9.2, and 9 418.3μm²±1 260.8μm²)(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with control group,the mRNA and protein levels of CaMKⅡ and CaMKⅣ in ZOL group were also significantly down-regulated (P<0.05); the expression levels of CaMK Ⅱ mRNA and protein were decreased by 39.3% and 58.9％,the expression levels of CaMK Ⅳ mRNA and protein were decreased by 51.7% and 46.8％.The immunofluorescence examination showed that the fluorescence intensities of CaMKⅡ and CaMKⅣ protein in ZOL group were decreased compared with control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: At stage of multinuclear mature of osteoclasts,ZOL could significantly inhibit the final formation and resorption function of osteoclasts and down-regulate the gene expressions of CaMKⅡ and CaMKⅣ.CaMKⅡ and CaMKⅣ may play an important role in ZOL-induced inhibition of osteoclastogenesis.

Objective: To compare the effects between adult murine thymic epithelial cells (TECs)isolation and enrichment methods,and to find a high-efficiency TECs enrichment method with accurate invivo representation.Methods: Twenty-seven BABL/c mice (6-8 weeks)were divided into nine groups,and each group contained three mice. ① The isolation experiment contained five isolation groups: collagenase Ⅴ 1.0 g·L^-1 group and 0.5,0.7,1.0,2.0 U·mL^-1 Liberase^TM groups. Thymus digestion was performed according to relevant enzyme working concentrations. ② The enrichment experiment contained four enrichment groups: control,magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS),Percoll and Ficoll enrichment groups;in each group,thymus digestion was performed using the optimal working concentration (1.0 U·mL^-1)of Liberase ^TM and the digests were continued for TECs enrichment by MACS,Percoll,Ficoll respectively (except control group). For isolation experiment,in each group,the cell viability and the yield of thymic stromal cells (TSCs)were examined by flow cytometry. For the enrichment experiment,the cell viability,the percentage of TSCs and the expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)in TSCs in each group were examined by flow cytometry. Furthermore,in both Percoll enrichment group and control group,the percentages of cortical TECs (cTECs)and medullary TECs (mTECs)were examined as well.Results: For the isolation experiment,the yield of TSCs in 1.0 U·mL^-1 Liberase^TM group was higher than those in 0.5 and 0.7 U·mL^-1 Liberase^TM groups(P<0.01);the cell viability and digestion time in 1.0 U·mL^-1 Liberase^TM group were superior to 1.0 g·L^-1 collagenase Ⅴ group (P<0.01). The cell viabilities in three enrichment groups were higher,and there were no significant differences between them (P > 0.05).Compared with control group,the percentages of TECs in three enrichment groups were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). And among three enrichment groups,the percentage of TECs in Percoll enrichment group was higher than those in other two groups (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the percentages of cTECs and mTECs as well as the ratios of cTEC to mTEC between control group and Percoll enrichment group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Liberase ^TM is more suitable for adult murine TECs isolation than collagenase Ⅴ and its optimal digestion concentration is 1.0 U·mL^-1.All the three enrichment methods mentioned above can increase the percentage of TECs,and they all do little harm to the cells;Percoll is the most efficient method for adult murine TECs enrichment among three enrichment methods,and it doesn't affect the ratio of cTEC to mTEC,thereby making it easier for the following study.

Objective: To study the inhibitory effect of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase(EGFR-TPK),and to clarify the mechanism of their synergetic inhibitory effects on the growth of ovarian cancer cells. Methods: The human ovarian cancer SKOV 3 cells were cultured and divided into blank group,kaempferol group and tarceva group. The activities of EGFR-TPK were detected by ELISA method.The invasion abilities of SKOV-3 cell lines were determined by Transwell assay. The caspase-3 activities of SKOV-3 cells were measured. The inhibitory rates of growth of SKOV-3 cells were determined using MTT method. Results: The half inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀)of kaempferol and tarceva were (52.33±0.32)g·L^-1and (1.75±0.18)g·L^-1,there was no significant differences between them(P>0.05).The inhibitory rates of growth of SKOV-3 cells were increased with the increasing of doses of kaempferol and tarceva,and there were significant differences compared with blank group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The caspase-3 activities of SKOV-3 cells of in kaempferol and tarceva groups were significantly increased compared with blank group(P<0.05). Conclusion: Kaempferol in combination with tarceva has a synergetic effect on the growth of ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cells.

Objective: To explore the protective effect of soluble protein B7-H4 on the immune liver injury, and to clarify its action mechanism.Methods: The isopropyl glucosinolate galactose glucoside (IPTG)was used to induce the expression of pET/mB7-H4.Through purification and renaturation and removing endotoxin,bioactive soluble mB7-H4 protein was obtained. The mice were randomly divided into normal saline (control)group,Con A group,100 μg mB7-H4 protein group,200 μg mB7-H4 protein group and 400 μg mB7-H4 protein group.The mice in all groups except control group were injected with Con A by tail vein to establish liver injury models.By tail intravenous injection,the mice in 100 μg mB7-H4 protein group,200 μg mB7-H4 protein group and 400 μg mB7-H4 protein group were injected with 50,100 and 200 μg soluble mB7-H4protein 2 h before ConA injection and 8 h after Con A injection. 24 and 48 h after injection of Con A,the eyeball blood of the mice was collected and the liver was obtained after the mice was killed;the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (ALT),alanine aminotransferase (AST),interleukin 4 (IL-4)and gamma interferon (IFN-γ)of the mice were detected. The pathological changes the liver tissue were determined.Results: Compared with control group,the levels of serum ALT,AST,IL-4 and IFN-γ of the mice in other groups were significantly increased(P<0.05). Compared with Con A group,the levels of serum ALT,AST,IL-4 and IFN-γ of the mice in mB7-H4 protein groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The HE staining results showed that the liver injury degree in mBT-H4 protein groups is improved compared with Con A group. Conclusion: The soluble B7-H4 protein has protective effect on the immune injury of liver induced by Con A by inhibiting the secretion of IL-4 and IFN-γ.

Objective: To observe the protective effect of rutin from buckwheat flowers and leaves (RBFL)on the vascular injury induced by high glucose stimulation,and to explore the possible mechanism.Methods: Eight rats were randomly selected from forty-five SD rats and used as control group,the last were used to induce the type Ⅰ diabetes mellitus model with STZ (60 mg·kg^-1,i.p.). The successful model rats were divided into model group (n=10),low dose (45 mg·kg^-1)of RBFL group,moderate dose (90 mg·kg^-1)of RBFL group and high dose (180 mg·kg^-1)of RBFLgroup (n=8). The rats in RBFL groups were gavaged the corresponding doses of RBFL once a day for 8 weeks;the rats in control group and model group were gavaged the same volume saline. The general condition was observed after 8 weeks;the blood glucose and body weight were recorded;the vessel relaxant rates of thoracic aortas induced by acetylcholine (Ach)(10^-9-10^-5 mol·L^-1)and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)(10^-10-10^-5 mol·L^-1)of the rats in various groups were detected;the serum reactive oxygen species (ROS)level,nitric oxide (NO)level,and superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)and total nitric oxide synthase (tNOS)activities of the rats in various groups were detected. The thoracic aortas were separated rapidly from the normal rats and divided into normal glucose group (11 mmol·L^-1 glucose),high glucose(HG)group (44 mmol·L^-1 glucose),low RBFL(0.2 mg·L^-1)group,moderate RBFL(0.4 mg·L^-1)group,high RBFL(0.8 mg·L^-1)group,HG+ NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)group,HG+L-NAME +RBFL group,HG+methylene blue (MB)group,and HG+MB +RBFL group. The vessel relaxant rates of thoracic aortas of the rats in various groups induced by Ach and SNP were detected;the SOD and NOS activities in thoracic aortas of the rats in normal group,HG group and RBFL group were detected.Results: Compared with control group,the body weights of the rats in model group were decreased and the blood glucose was increased (P<0.01);compared with model group,the body weights of the rats in RBFL group were increased and the blood glucose was decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with control group,the vessel relaxant rate induced by Ach in model group was decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with model group,the vessel relaxant rates induced by Ach in RBFL groups were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01)and the effect was cancelled by L-NAME and MB,while the SNP-induced vessel relaxant rates had no changes (P>0.05). Compared with control group,the level of serum ROS in model group was increased(P<0.01);the NO level,the SOD and NOS activities were decreased(P<0.01).Compared with model group,the level of serum ROS in high RBFL group was decreased;the NO level,the activities of SOD and tNOS were increased (P<0.01),but the serum GSH-Px activity had no changes (P>0.05). Compared with normal glucose group,the vessel relaxant rate induced by Ach in HG group was decreased (P<0.01);compared with HG group,the vessel relaxant rates induced by Ach in RBFL groups were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01)and the effect was cancelled by L-NAME and MB,while the SNP-induced vessel relaxant rate had no changes (P>0.05).Compared with normal glucose group,the SOD and NOS activities in HG group were decreased (P<0.01);compared with HG group,the activities of SOD and tNOS in high RBFL group were increased (P<0.01). Conclusion: RBFL could improve the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in high glucose injury of the rats and the mechanism may be related to enhancing the SOD activity,reducing the ROS generation and promoting the NO synthesis of endothelium cells.

Objective: To study the effect of astragaloside on the oxygen radical metabolism and (DN)the expression of transforming grow th factor β1(TGF-β1)mRNA in the rats with STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy(DN), and to clarify its related mechanism. Methods: 60 Wistar rats were divided into control group,model group,irbesartan group,low dose (0.75 mg·kg·d^-1)of astragaloside group,middle dose (1.50 mg·kg·d^-1)of astragaloside group and high dose (3.00 mg·kg·d^-1)of astragaloside group(n=10).Except control group,the rats in other groups were intraperitoneally injected with 60 mg·kg·d^-1 STZ to induce DN models.8 weeks later,the levels of serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),fasting blood glucose,and 24 h urinary protein of the rats in various groups were detected.The SOD and GSH-Px activities and MDA levels in kidney tissue of the rats in various groups were measured;the expression levels of CAT and TGF-β1 mRNA in kidney tissue were determined by RT-PCT. Results: Compared with model group,the kidney function of the DN rats in middle and high doses of astragaloside groups was improved;the serum Scr levels of the rats in astragloside groups were decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the levels of serum BUN and PBG and 24 h urinary protein of the rats in middle and high doses of astragaloside groups were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with model group,the MDA levels in kidney tissue of the rats in middle and high doses of astragaloside groups were decreased and the SOD activites were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01); the expression levels of TGF-β1 mRNA were decreased(P<0.05); the GSH activities in kidney tissue of the rats in various doses of astragaloside groups were increased P<0.05 or P<0.01); but the expression levels of CAT mRNA had no changes(P>0.05). Conclusion: Astragaloside can improve the kidney function of DN rats,its mechanism may be related to the improvement of oxygen radical damage and reduction of TGF-β1 mRNA expression.

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of selenium on the apoptosis of myocardial cells in the mice with viral myocarditis(VMC), and to clarify its influence in the expressions of Akt,p-Akt of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and their down-stream protein Bax and Bcl-2. Methods: Sixty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into blank control group,virus control group and selenium intervention group (n=20).The mice in virus control group and selenium intervention group were intraperitoneally injected with 200 μL fluid including 100 TCID₅₀ coxsackievirus B3(CVB3)for 3 d to establish the viral myocarditis models.The mice in blank control group were treated intraperitoneally with 200 μL fluid without virus for 3 d.The rats in selenium intervention group were given 100 μg·kg^-1 sodium selenite by intragastric administration for 14 d continuously after modeling.All the mice were killed on the 15th day after the CVB3 injection.TUNEL analysis was used to detect the apoptosis of myocardial cells,and the pathological changes of myocardial cells were examined by light microscope.The expression levels of Akt,p-Akt,Bax,Bcl-2 and Cleaved caspase-3 were detected by Western blotting method.Results: The survival rate of the mice in selenium intervention group was higher than that in virus control group(P<0.01).The pathological changes of myocardium of the rats in in selenium intervention group were improved compared with virus control group.The apoptotic rate of myocardial cells in selenium intervention group was lower than that in virus control group (P<0.01).Compared with virus control group,the expression levels of Bax and Cleaved caspase-3 in selenium intervention group were decreased and the expression levels of Bcl-2 and p-Akt were increased (P<0.01).Conclusion: Selenium can inhibit the CVB3 virus induced apoptosis and play a protective effect on the myocardium in the mice with VMC through affecting the expressions of Akt,p-Akt of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and regulating the down-stream Bax and Bcl-2 protein expressions and inhibiting the apoptosis of myocardial cells.

Objective: To construct the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a(+)-hISO and to explore the expression of hISO fusion protein in E.coli,and to provide a foundation for follow-up experiment research.Methods: The 1 770 bp fragment of hISO gene was amplified from the total RNA of Caco-2 cells by RT-PCR and inserted into pET-28a(+)to construct the recombinant plasmid pET-28a(+)-hISO.The recombinant plasmids were transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3)to induce the protein expression with IPTG after PCR,digestion and DNA sequencing.The recombinant plasmid was analyzed and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting method.Results: The recombinant plasmid pET-28a(+)-hISO was constructed successfully after identified by PCR,digestion and sequencing. The fusion protein was 68 860 when the soluble fusion protein was purified,and using elution buffer containing 40 mmol·L^-1 and 60 mmol·L^-1 imidazole could get high concentration and purity protein.Conclusion: The prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a(+)-hISO is constructed successfully and the recombinant protein is expressed in the E.coli BL21(DE3).

Objective: To investigate the intervention effect of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutch(THH)on the immune function of rats with collagen induced arthritis(CIA),and to clarify its possible mechanism.Methods Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group(n=10)and CIA group(n=40).The rats in CIA group were induced into CIA models by type Ⅱ collagen. 36 rats were successfully set up and randomly divided into model group,dexamethasone group,200 mg·kg^-1 THH group and 400 mg·kg^-1 THH group(n=9).The degree of swelling of paw and the articular index changes of the rats in various groups during the experiment were observed.On the 35th day of experiment,the level of anti-C Ⅱ IgG antibody was detected by ELISA;the proliferation activities of spleen T and B lymphocytes were detected by MTT;the levels of interleukin-12(IL-12),interleukin-23(IL-23)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in spleen tissue were determined by ELISA.The paw tissue was collected and stained by HE,and the histopathological changes were observed.Results: Compared with normal group,the articular index of the rats in model group was significantly increased(P<0.01);the levels of serum anti-C Ⅱ IgG antibody,the proliferation activities of spleen T and B lymphocytes,the levels of IL-12,IL-23 and TNF-α in spleen tissue of the rats in model group were significantly increased(P<0.01);the subcutaneous tissue cells of the rat paw in model group arranged irregularly with inflammatory cells infiltrating and vascular proliferation.Compared with model group,the general situation of the rats in 400 mg·kg^-1 THH group was improved;the degree of swelling of paw and the articular index of the rats were reduced(P<0.01),and the proliferation activities of spleen T and B lymphocytes were significantly decreased(P<0.01);the levels of serum anti-CⅡ IgG antibody was significantly decreased(P<0.01);the levels of IL-23,TNF-α and IL-12 in spleen tissue were significantly decreased(P<0.01);the histopathological changes of rat paw were significantly improved.There were no significant changes in the above indicators in 200 mg·kg^-1 THH group. Conclusion: 400 mg·kg^-1 THH has significantly inhibitory effect on arthritis in the CIA rats,and its possible mechanisms may be related to obviously inhibiting the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes and significantly inhibiting the levels of IL-23,TNF- a,IL-12 in spleen tissue and serum anti-C Ⅱ antibody and significantly improving the pathological changes of the paw tissue of rats.

Objective: To study the effects of melatonin(MLT),carboplatin (CBP),and MLT combined with CBP on the proliferation and apoptosis of human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells,and to clarify the synergistic effect of MLT and CBP.Methods: The ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells were divided into control group,MLT groups (1and 2mmol·L^-1),CBP groups (12.5,25.0 and 50.0mg·L^-1)and combined treatment groups (MLT combined with CBP with different concentrations). The apoptotic rates and inhibitory rates of proliferation of SKOV3 cells were detected with MTT assay and flow cytometry(FMC),and the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells were detected by RT-PCR assay.Results:The MTT results showed that the inhibitroy rates of proliferation of SKOV3 cells in combined groups were higher than those in MLT groups and 50.0mg·L^-1 CBP group(P<0.05). 2mmol·L^-1 MLT combined with 50mg·L^-1 CBP obtained the best result,and the inhibitory rate was (70.7±4.2)% which was higher than that in 50.0mg·L^-1 CBP group (P<0.05). The FCM results showed that the apoptotic rates of SKOV3 cells in combined groups were higher than those in MLT groups and 50.0mg·L^-1 CBP group(P<0.05). The apoptotic rate of SKOV3 cells in 2 mmol·L^-1MLT+ 50.0 mg·L^-1 CBP group was (58.9±2.0)% which was higher than that in 50.0mg·L^-1 CBP group (P<0.05).The expression levels of Bax gene in combined groups were increased(P<0.05),and the expression levels of Bcl-2 gene were decreased (P<0.05)compared with CBP groups with the same doses. Conclusion: MLT can enhance the inhibitory effect of proliferaion and apoptosis induction of CBP on the ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells in vitro. It induces the apoptosis of SKOV3 cells through enhancing the Bax expression and down-regulating the Bcl-2 expression.

Objective: To study the protective effect of Hawthorn Leaves Flavonoids (HLF)on the experimental myocardial infarction in the dogs,and to clarify its mechanism.Methods: Thirty-six healthy dogs were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group (given the same volume of 0.9% saline),Compound Danshen Injection group (1.65 g·kg^-1),and low,medium and high doses of HLF groups (5,10,20 mg·kg^-1),(n=6);intravenous injection was performed. The method of ligating the anterior descending coronary artery was used to establish acute myocardial infraction models of dogs after anesthesia. The epicardial electrical diagram at 30,60,90,120,180,240,300,360 min of the dogs in various groups afer administration were recorded. The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST),creatine phosphokinase (CPK),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),superoxide dismutase (SOD)and malondialdehyde (MDA)levels of the dogs in various groups were detected,and the extent of myocardial ischemia (ΣST)and myocardial infarct size (MIS)were calculated. Results: Compared with sham operation group,the serum AST,CPK,LDH activities and MDA level of the dogs in model group were increased (P<0.05),the SOD activity was decreased (P<0.05),and the whole heart weight percentage,ventricular weight percentage and ∑ST were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with model group,the serum AST,CPK,LDH activities and MDA levels of the dogs in medium and high doses of HLF groups were decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01),the SOD activities were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the ΣST were decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);the whole heart and ventricular weight percentages of the dogs in low,medium,and high doses of HLF groups were decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: Hawthorn Leaves Flavonoids has the protective effect on experimental myocardial infarction in the dogs.

Objective: To investigate the protective effects of schizandra B (Sch B)on the injury of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells induced by glutamic acid (Glu), and to clarify its influence in ATR signaling pathway.Methods: The SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group,dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)group,model group,Sch B1 group,Sch B2 group,and Sch B3 group.The SH-SY5Y cells in control group were untreated; the SH-SY5Y cells in DMSO group were treated with DMSO (17 mmol·L^-1)for 24 h;the SH-SY5Y cells in model group were treated with Glu (20 mmol·L^-1)for 24 h. The SH-SY5Y cells in Sch B1 group,Sch B2 group,and Sch B3 group were firstly pretreated with Sch B (0.1 μmol·L^-1)for 24 h,and exposed to 20 mmol·L^-1 Glu for 24 h at the same time.The survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells was detected by MTT assay,and the changes of cell cycle of SH-SY5Y cells were determined by flow cytometry.Western blotting method was used to detect the protein expressions.Results: The MTT detection results showed that compared with model group,the survival rates of SH-SY5Y cells in Sch B1 group, Sch B2 group,and Sch B3 group were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the survival rate in Sch B2 group was the highest (P<0.01),the Sch B2 group was selected as Sch B group for the following experiment.The cell cycle detection results showed that the percentage of SH-SY5Y cells in model group at G₀/G₁ phage was decreased(P<0.05); compared with control group,the percentages of SH-SY5Y cells in model group at S phage and G₂/M phage were increased (P<0.05);compared with model group, the percentage of SH-SY5Y cells in Sch B group at G₀/G₁ phage was increased (P<0.05),and the percentages of SH-SY5Y cells in Sch B group at S phage and G₂/M phage were decreased (P<0.05). The Western blotting detection results showed that compared with control group,the expression levels of ATR,p-CHK1,p-Cdc25c and P53 proteins in the SH-SY5Y cells in model group were increased (P<0.05);compared with model group,the expression levels of ATR,p-CHK1,p-Cdc25c and P53 proteins in the SH-SY5Y cell in Sch B group were decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Sch B could protect the damage of SH-SY5Y cells by GLu,and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the ATR signaling pathway and reducing the cell cycle arrest.

Objective: To study the differential expression of miRNA in cervical squamous cell carcinoma(CESC)tissue and predict its target genes using bioinformatics methods,and to find the miRNA as tumor markers in the pathological process of CESC.Methods: The CESC samples and their matching normal CESC tissue in TCGA database were download,and the differential expression of genes and miRNAs were screened with statistical method,and the target gene prediction was performed for the differently expressed miRNA with target gene prediction websites.KEGG database was used to analyze the target genes involved in tumor related signaling pathway.Results: Compared with their matching normal CESC tissue,21 miRNA and 1 180 genes were found to be differentially expressed(P<0.05),18 miRNA and 411 genes were up-regulated,and 3 miRNA and 770 genes were down-regulated.7 miRNAs had negative correlationship with the predicted target genes;6 up-regulated miRNA were accompanied by their target genes down-regulation,and down-regulated 1 miRNA were accompanied by their target genes up-regulation;their target genes were involved in Wnt,MAPK,P53 and cAMP tumor related signaling pathways.Conclusion: The differentially expressed miRNAs including hsa-miR-27a,hsa-miR-148b,hsa-miR-185,hsa-miR-200a,hsa-miR-200b,hsa-miR-221 and hsa-mir-133b and their target genes play important roles in the development of CESC,and they are possible to become the tumor markers in the diagnosis of CESC.

Objective: To construct a mammalian tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3)recombinant eukaryotic expression vecor and transfect the breast cancer MDA-MB-453 cells,and to explore the inhibitory effect of TIMP-3 gene on the growth and invasion of MDA-MB-453.Methods: The TIMP-3 cDNA was obtained from the human fresh placenta by RT-PCR. TIMP-3 gene was connected to pMD18-T vector.The recombinant pMD18-T vector and pcDNA3.1 were digested by EcoR Ⅰ and XbaⅠ. Then TIMP-3 gene was subcloned into pcDNA3.1 vetor to construct pcDNA-TIMP-3 recombinant vector and enzyme digestion identification and sequencing.The MDA-MB-453 cells were divided into normal control group,pcDNA group (transferted with pcDNA)and pcDNA-TIMP-3 group (transfected with pcDNA3.1-TIMP-3). The proliferation activities and invasion abilities of the MDA-453 cells in various groups were determined by MTT method and Boyden invasion experiment. Results: The correct construction of pcDNA-TIMP-3 was identified by means of restriction enzyme EcoRⅠ and XbaⅠ. The gene fragment of 633 bp and linearized vector were obtained.The result of TIMP-3 gene sequencing was correct.The Western blotting results showed that the transfected MDA-MB-453 cells expressed TIMP-3. The proliferation activity and invasion ability of MDA-MB-453 cells in pcDNA-TIMP-3 group were reduced significantly compared with normal control group and pcDNA group(P<0.05). Conclusion: The pcDNA-TIMP-3 eukaryotic expression vector is constructed successfully and TIMP-3 can be expressed in the MDA-MB-453 cells.The pcDNA-TIMP-3 has inhibitory effect on the growth and invasion of MDA-MB-453 cell lines.

Objective: To explore the relationship between the scores of anxiety,depression and the salivary levels of dehydydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)in the patients with oral lichen planus (OLP),and to clarify the correlation between them. Methods: Thirty-one patients with erosive oral lichen planus (EOLP),40 patients with non-EOLP and 31 controls were investigated by the instruments Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)and Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),respectively.The saliva of objects in various groups was collected in the morning for the determination of DHEA levels by radioimmunoassay to explore the relationship between the scores of anxiety,depression and the salivary levels of DHEA in various groups. Results: The scores of HAMA and HAMD of the patients in EOLP group were significantly higher than those in control group and non-EOLP group(P<0.01).The level of salivary DHEA of the patients in EOLP group was lower than that in control group,but there was no significant difference between two groups(P>0.05). There were no significant differences of the scores of HAMA HAMD and the levels of salivary DHEA of the objects between non-EOLP group and control group (P>0.05).The level of salivary DHEA of the patients in EOLP group was negatively correlated with their scores of HAMA(r=-0.948)and HAMD(r=-0.966 ).The level of salivary DHEA of the patients in non-EOLP group was also negatively correlated with their scores of HAMA(r=-0.962)and HAMD(r=-0.971).Conclusion: The occurrence and development of EOLP is related to anxiety and depression,and its mechanism may be related to the decrease of salivary DHEA level in the patients with EOLP.

Objective: To explore the changes of liver function in the patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC)received interferon alpha 2b(INF-α2b)combined with ribavirin therapy,and to study the relationship between the different virological response patterns and liver function. Methods: 264 CHC patients were enrolled. All patients received INF-α2b (5 000 000 U,every other day,subcutaneous injection)combined with ribavirin(15 mg·kg^-1·d^-1,oral)for 48 weeks. The serum HCV RNA level and liver function were assessed at different time points. According to the outcome,the patients were divided into sustained virological response(SVR),breakthrough,relapse and no response(NR)groups. The relationship between the liver function changes and response in the patients with CHC in various groups before and after treatmentwas compared. Results: Among 264 patients,171 patients (64.8%)achieved SVR,37 patients (14.0%)were breakthrough,47 patients(17.8%)were relapse and 9 patients(3.4%)were NR. Compared with breakthrough group,the patients with moderately elevated alanine transaminase(ALT)level in SVR group were easy to achieve SVR than the patients with normal ALT level(P<0.05). After antiviral treatment,the serum ALT and aspartate transaminase (AST)levels were decreased in all patients,especialy at the 12th week and there were significant differences compared with before treatment (P<0.05). The serum ALT and AST levels of the patients in breakthrough group were increased again at the 48th week. In relapse group,the serum ALT and AST levels of the patients were increased again at the 24th week after drug withdrawal. Untill to the 24th week after drug withdrawal,the serum ALT and AST levels were stable in SVR group. Compared with breakthrough group,the serum ALT and AST levels had the greatest reduction at the 12th week in SVR group(P<0.05). The serum ALT and AST levels of the patients in NR group were always higher than those in SVR,breakthrough and relapse groups(P<0.05).Compared with before treatment,the serum total bilirubin(TBIL)and direct bilirubin(DBIL)levels were decreased obviously at the 12th week and maintained stable untill to the 24th week after drug withdrawal in SVR group. At the 24th week,the levels of serum TBIL and DBIL in NR group were significantly higher than those in SVR,breakthrough and relapse groups(P<0.05). Conclusion: The baseline ALT level may associate with the virological response in the CHC. There is an improvement in liver function following antiviral treatment,especially in the patients who achieved SVR.When the HCV have a relapse or breakthrough,transaminase could increase again.

Objective: To detect the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of PLA2G6 gene of Ca²⁺-independent phospholipase A2(iPLA2)gene family and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in Chinese northern Han people,and to discuss whether the PLA2G6 gene was the susceptible gene of T2DM.Methods: 169 patients with T2DM were selected as case group and 199 healthy controls without T2DM were selected as control group.The techniques of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)were used to examine the genotypic and allic frenquencies of rs2235346,rs2272831,and rs2284060 sites at PLA2G6 gene of the objects in case and control groups.Results: The distribution of genotypic and allic frequencies of rs2235346,rs2272831,and rs2284060 sites at PLA2G6 gene did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both case and control groups (P>0.05).The distribution of genotypic and allic frequencies of rs2235346,rs2272831,and rs2284060 sites at PLA2G6 gene had no significant differences between case and control groups(χ²=0.604,P>0.05).Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between the genotypic and allic frequencies of rs2235346,rs2272831,rs2284060 sites at PLA2G6 gene and T2DM,and the PLA2G6 gene is not the susceptible gene of T2DM.

Objective: To construct a database based on the analysis of the soft tissue profile of a Northern Chinese population of young adults by means of linear measurements made on standardized photographic records taken in natural head position (NHP),and to provide a reference for the orthodontists and oral surgeons in diagnosis and treatment planning.Methods: 88 students who met the inclusion criteria from Jilin University were selected.The right profile records in NHP were taken.The photographic records were analyzed with the coreldraw software. 10 vertical and 7 horizontal linear parameters were used to determine the average male and female soft tissue facial profile.The reproducibility of measurements was analyzed by using Dahlberg's formula.Statistical analysis was carried out for the males and females respectively using SPSS17.0 statistical software.An independent sample t-test was used to analyze the differences between genders. Results: The mean values for facial heights (Tri-G,G-Sn,N-Sn,Prn-Sn,Sn-Me,Sn-Sto,Ls-Sto,Sto-Sm,Sto-Li,Sm-Me)and facial depthes (G-TVL,Trg-TVL,Prn-TVL,ULL-TVL,Sm-TVL,Pg-TVL)were larger in males than females.The standard deviation of upper face height,lower face height and facial prominence were larger.The middle face height was equal to lower face height,and the upper face height was smaller.Nearly all the values of facial heights showed gender differences except the upper face height and the height of nasal tip (P<0.01).The sagittal facial prominence displayed less gender differences,only G-TVL,Trg-TVL and ULL-TVL showed significant differences (P<0.01). Conclusion: The method error,maximum,minimum,average and standard deviation of male and female soft tissue profile of a Northern Chinese population of young adults under NHP are defined using linear measurement.A database based on the linear analysis of the soft tissue profile of a Northern Chinese population of young adults under NHP is constructed,which could help a lot for the orthodontists and oral surgeons in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques in the patients with coronary heart disease (CHD)by virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS),and to discuss their correlations with lipoprotein (a) ［Lp(a)］.Methods: 54 patients with chest pain were divided into non ST elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTEACS)group (n=18),stable angina pectoris (SAP)group(n=21)and control group (n=15)according to the symptoms and coronary angiography results of the patients.The serum biochemical indexes were measured in all patients.In 39 CHD patients,culprit lesions were detected with VH-IVUS to investigate the characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques and their relevance with Lp(a). Results:The levels of Lp(a),low density lipoprotein (LDL)and hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP)of the patients in NSTEACS and SAP groups were significantly higher than those in control group (P< 0.05);the levels of serum Lp(a),hs-CRP and LDL in NSTEACS group were higher than those in SAP group(P<0.05).The incidence of necrotic tissue (NC),fiber lipid (FF),and vulnerable plaque (TCFA)in lesion patches of the patients in SAP group were significantly decreased(P<0.05)compared with NSTEACS group.The plasma Lp(a) was positively associated with NC,FF,TCFA serum and hs-CRP (r =0.411,r =0.312,r =0.318,r =0.309,P<0.05).Conclusion: The vulnerability of plaques in the NSTEACS patients in creases with the increase of Lp(a) level:Plasma Lp(a) is a sensitive index for evaluating the plaque vulnerability.

Objective: To compare the planning quality,treatment efficiency and delivery accuracy for treating the postoperative cervical cancer patients with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)and two kinds of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT),and to provide the reference basis for selecting the number of arcs in the VMAT treatment of postoperative cervical cancer in clinic.Methods: Twenty patients with cervical cancer after operation were planned with the same dose prescription and optimization parameters by means of 7-field IMRT (7F-IMRT),a single full arc (Arc1)and two full arc (Arc2)VMAT,respectively. The dosimetric differences of planning target volumes (PTV)and organs at risk (OAR),the number of monitor units (MU)and treatment delivery time and the accuracy of treatment plan dose verification were compared among the three treatment plans.Results: The conformity index (CI)and the dose distribution homogeneity index (HI)of PTV for Arc2 plan were best (P<0.05),and 7F-IMRT was superior to Arc1 plan (P<0.05).The value of V₅₀ in the the rectum,V₄₀ and V₁₀ in small bowel for Arc2 plan were lowest (P<0.05),while the near-maximum absorbed dose (D_2cc),the mean dose(D_mean)and the values of V₅₀ in rectum,bladder,and small bowel for Arc1 plan were higher than 7F-IMRT(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with 7F-IMRT plan,the number of MU and treatment delivery time for Arc2 plan were decreased by 24% and 54%, respectively (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the pass ratios of 3mm/3% γ analysis of dose verification among three plans (P>0.05).Conclusion: A single full arc of VMAT is difficult to meet the clinical requirements for the postoperative cervical cancer patients. At least two full arcs should be chosen,and the treatment time can be shortened;as a result,there will reduce the fractional error and patient discomfort.

Objective: To investigate the advantages of autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation combined with percutaneous endovascular angioplasty in treatment of diabetic foot,and to clarify the clinical effect of this method.Methods: 40 patients with diabetic foot and lower limb blood vessel severe stenosis or occlusion were divided into 2 groups.20 patients treated with autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation combined with percutaneous endovascular angioplasty were used as combined treatment group,and the other 20 patients treated with autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation alone were used as single transplation group. The patients in two groups receieved conventional therapy. The limb pain,cold feeling,intermittent claudication,ankle brachial index(ABI)and the number of collateral vessel formation of the patients in two groups were observed before and after treatment,and the curative effects in two groups were compared. Results: Compared with before treatment,the limb pain scores,cold feeling scores and intermittent claudication scores of the patients in two groups after treatment were significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the ABI and the number of collateral vessel formation were significantly increased (P<0.01). The clinical cure rate of the patients in combined treatment group was higher than that in single transplantation group,but the effective rate in combinaed treatment group was lower than that in single transplantation group. Conclusion: Autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation combined with percutaneous endovascular angioplasty is a safe and effective method for the treatment of diabetic foot.

Objective: To study the expressions of NLRP3,AIM2,CASP1 genes and interleukin-1β (IL-1β),interleukin-18 (IL-18)in the patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (AECOPD),and to clarify their mechanisms.Methods: The sputum of patients with AECOPD (n=20)and controls (n=12)were collected,the expressions of NLRP3,AIM2 and CASP1 genes were determined by Real-Time fluorescent quantitative PCR in two groups. and the expressions of IL-1β and IL-18 in sputum supernatant were detected by ELISA. Results: Compared with control group,the expressions of NLRP3,AIM2 and CASP1 genes of the patients in AECOPD group were elevated by 3.83,1.70,2.42 times,respectively (P<0.05);the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in sputum supernatant of the patients in AECOPD were increased significantly (P < 0.05).Conclusion: NLRP3 and AIM2 genes are involved in the pathological process of AECOPD.

Objective: To investigate the expressions of IL-10 and IL-12 in deciduas tissue of the women after abortion,to explore the correlation between the expressions levels of IL-10 and IL-12 in decidua tissue and abnormal uterine bleeding after abortion. Methods: The healthy pregnant women required termination with gestational age less than 8 weeks were recruited.The methods of drug abortion or surgical abortion were selected according to the women's own will.The women were divided into surgical abortion by vaccum aspiration group,incomplete mifepristone abortion group and complete mifepristone abortion group(n=20).The immunohistochemistry method and Western blotting method were used to detect the exoressions of IL-10 and IL-12 in decidua tissue of the women in various groups.Results: The results of immunohistochemistry method showed that the positive cells of IL-10 and IL-12 scattered among epithelium,glands and stromal cells.The IL-10 expression levels in decidua tissue in mifepristone abortion groups were significantly lower than that in surgical abortion group (P<0.01),and the IL-10 expression level in complete mifepristone abortion group was significantly lower than that in incomplete mifepristone abortion group(P<0.01).The IL-12 expression levels in decidua tissue in mifepristone abortion groups were significantly higher than that in surgical abortion group (P<0.01),and the IL-12 expression level in complete mifepristone abortion group was significantly lower than that in incomplete mifepristone abortion group(P<0.01).The results of Western blotting method were coincided with the results of immunohistochemistry method. Conclusion: Local decidua tissue is not sensitive to mifepristone,which causes the imbalance of expressions of IL-10 and IL-12,and they can promote the abnormal uterine bleeding after abortion.

Objective: To observe the conscious disturbance recovery in the patients with traumatic multiple intracranial hematoma (TMIH)after standard trauma craniectomy(STC),and to explore its value in the treatment of TMIH.Methods: The clinical data of TMIH patients with surgical treatments in 2014 were collected. The patients who dead within one month after surgery,could not be contacted or diagnosed with space-occupying lesions were excluded.According to surgical procedures,the patients were classified as STC group and control group (conventional craniotomy surgery).For each group,10 cases were randomly selected.Using repeated measurement of variance analysis and Wilcoxon rank sum test,the changes of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)scores were analyzed before operation and 24 h,1 week,1 month after operation. Results: There were significant changes of GCS at different time points (P< 0.05)by the comprehensive analysis of postoperative time factor and operation factor,which meaned that GCS showed a trend of gradual increase,along with the postoperative time prolongation.The postoperative time factor showed improvement effect on the GCS score,but there was no significant difference in GCS scores between different operation methods (P> 0.05).The GCS score overall recovery trend of different operative methods was the same,but at different time points the GCS score recovery had differences between the different operative methods.By Wilcoxon rank sum test analysis,the rates of GCS score changes were significantly different in STC group and control group(P<0.01)at the time points of 24 h and 1 week after operation.But there was no significant difference in the GCS score change between two groups 1 month after operation(P>0.05).Conclusion: Compared with conventional craniotomy surgery,STC has significant effect on the recovery of conscious disturbance 7 d after operation; but STC has no effect on the recovery of conscious disturbance of the patients 1 month after operation.

Objective: To explore the relationship between molecular typing and axillary lymph node metastasis in the breast cancer patients with different tumor size(T)stages and its clinical significance,and to guide the application of sentinel lymph node biopsy to avoid the postoperative complications caused by axillary lymph node dissection. Methods: The clinicopathologic features and immunohistochemistry results of 2 100 breast cancer patients whose clinical data were complete with first treatment of surgical treatment and the T of 0-5 cm were retrospectively analyzed.The relationship between various molecular subtyping of breast cancer and axillary lymph node metastasis was analyzed. The differences of axillary lymph node metastasis rates between various molecular subtypes were compared. The relevant factors of axillary lymph node metastasis were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results: The axillary lymph node metastasis rates among various molecular subtyes had obvious differences when the T of breast cancer were 1 cm< T≤ 2 cm,2 cm< T≤ 3 cm, and 3 cm< T≤ 4 cm(P<0.05). In 0 cm≤ T≤ 1 cm,1 cm< T≤ 2 cm,2 cm< T≤ 3 cm, and 3 cm< T≤ 4 cm, Luminal B type had the higher lymph node metastasis rate, and the rates were 40.00%, 29.41%, 50.00%, and 65.22%. When the tumor size was 4 cm< T≤ 5 cm, the axillary lymph node metastasis rate of Her-2 type was the highest, about 75%. In all the breast cancer T grouping, Triple-negative type had the lowest axillary lymph node metastasis rate. Her-2 overexpression was the independent risk factor for the metastasis of axillary lymph node. Conclusion: The characteristics of axillary lymph node metastasis are different in the breast cancer patients with various molecular subtypes . In the patients with Luminal B type and Her-2 type the sentinel lymph node needs to be more cautious. Her-2 overexpression is the independent risk factor for the metastasis of axillary lymph node. Molecular typing is an important complement to the traditional breast cancer pathological type and stage and it can further suggest the biological behavior of breast cancer and contribute to the development of individualized treatment.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of 1 case of renal damage caused by aortic valve infective endocarditis(IE), and to review the literatures about diagnosis and treatment of renal damage caused by IE.Methods: Early diagnosis was performed with cardiac ultrasound and renal biopsy,and the patient with IE-induced renal damage was treated with lowering urinary protein and anti-infection,at the same time,aortic valve replacement and valvular vegetations dissection were performed in time. Results: The patient recovered well,and the urine protein level remained at 0.4-1.0 g/24 h,and the renal function and glomerular filtration rate remained normal.Conclusion: In the treatment of IE associated renal damage,active and effective antimicrobial therapy and valve replacement to remove the infection are the most important.

Objective: To introduce the clinical characteristics,diagnosisand treatment experience of one case of acute respiratory tract obstruction and review the relevants literature to heighten the understanding of tracheal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma,and to provide a feasible way to reduce the acute dyspnea.Methods: Bronchoscopic examination,local tissue biopsies,and the treatment of argon plasma coagulation and cryosurgery were performed in the patient with acute dyspnea.After the treatment the patients was treated with local radiotherapy.Results: The dyspnea of patient was significantly impoved.The pathological results showed tracheal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma which was also called non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.The tracheal has no stenosis under bronchoscope. Conclusion: The primary tracheal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma is very rare. The local tissue biopsies under fiberoptic bronchoscope is the main diagnostic method.Bronchoscopic argon plasma coagulation and cryosurgery which is convenient and small traumatic can ease the patients with acute dyspnea,its combination with radiotherapy,chemotherapy or immunochemical therapy is suitable treatment for the tracheal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and other tracheal neoplasms.

Objective: To summarize the clinical experiences of the modified Nuss surgery in single-port VATS in treatment of pectus excavatum,and to provide basis for its clinical application.Methods:3 patients with pectus excavatum underwent modified Nuss surgery in single-port VATS from July 2014 to December 2014 in China-Japan Union Hospital were selected.Among them 2 patients were males with 10 years old and 15 years old,respectively; and 1 patient was female with 11 years old.In the three patients,the single 2-cm long transverse incisions were made in the right lateral chest wall,a convex steel bar advanced across the mediastinum under the sternum once without guide,the chest drainage tube was not necessary after operation.Results: Deformities of all patients were successfully corrected,the time of operation was 19,26 and 28 min,respectively; the expenditure of operation was 35,36 and 38 thousands RMB.All the patients had no anesthetic accident and injuries.The small right pneumothorax occurred in 1 case,and healed by chest drainage.There was no postoperative recurrence. The patients were followed up 6 monthes after operation.The curative effect was satifactory without displacement of convex steel bar. Conclusion: The modified Nuss surgery in single-port VATS for the correction of pectus excavatum is more minimally invasive and beautiful,which is safe,effective and easy to perform.The excellent short-term results are obtained,and the long-term results require further evaluation.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic efficiency of the apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)and the relative apparent diffusion coefficient (rADC)in the differentiation between benign and malignant breast lesions in diffusion weighed imaging(DWI).Methods: One hundred twenty-three females with suspected breast lesions who underwent breast MRI examination and proved by pathology and surgery were included in this study. The axial DWI,sagittal T2WI and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)scan were performed. With reference to the location and size of lesions on the DCE image,the regions of interest (ROI)were placed in the lesions and their adjacent normal gland regions (more than 2 cm to the lesion). The ADC values of corresponding regions were recorded,and the standardized rADC values were calculated. The mean values of ADC and rADC between benign and malignant breast lesions were compared. The optimal threshold values of ADC and rADC in differentiation between benign and malignant lesions were defined based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve. Their diagnostic efficiency in breast lesions were assessed by comparing the area under curve(AUC). Results: Among the 134 lesions,the mean ADC values of 84 malignant lesions and 50 benign lesions were (1.04±0.26)×10^-3 and (1.60±0.40)×10^-3 mm²·s^-1,respectively. The mean ADC value of 134 ROI in the normal,glands was (1.89±0.31)×10^-3 mm²·s^-1. The ADC value of malignant lesions was significantly lower than those of benign lesion and normal gland tissues(P<0.01). The mean rADC values of malignant lesions and benign lesion were 0.59±0.18 and 0.83±0.30,respectively;the rADC value of malignant lesion was lower than that of benign lesion (P<0.01).When the ADC cutoff value of 1.22×10^-3 mm²·s^-1 was selected,its sensitivity and specificity were 86.0% and 84.50%,respectively;its AUC was 0.89. While the rADC cutoff value of 0.80 was selected,its sensitivity and specificity were 74.0% and 75.0%,respectively;its AUC was 0.80. The AUC of standardized rADC was lower than that of unstandardized ADC(P<0.05).Conclusion: Quantitative analysis of ADC and rADC values is an efficient method for differentiation between benign and malignant breast lesions.The standardized rADC value does not improve the diagnostic efficiency of ADC value.

Objective: To investigate the contrast-enhanced ultrasound features of primary hepatic carcinoma in normal liver,cirrhosis liver and fatty liver background,and to quantitatively analyze the blood flow perfusion features of tumors in different hepatic background. Methods: One hundred and thirty-seven patients with primary hepatic carcinoma including one hundred and thirty-seven primary focuses were selected.The patients were divided into normal liver group(n=45),cirrhotic liver group(n=51)and fatty liver group(n=41)according the different liver background.The enhancement features of focuses in different hepatic background were observed.The perfusion parameters including rise time,time to peak,maximum of intensity,gradient and area under the curve were analyzed by time-intensity curve. Results: All leisions of 137 patients presented hyperehcoic enhancement in arterial phase and majority of the lesions presented typically as fast in fast out.6.7% of leisions in normal liver group and 41.2% of the leisions in cirrhotic hepatic group presented equivalent even hyperechoic enhancement in the portal and delayed phase as fast in and slow out. The perfusion features of tumors such as rise time,time to peak,maximum of intensity,gradient and area under the curve in any two hepatic background groups had no significant differences (P>0.05). Conclusion: There are differences in contrast-enhanced ultrasound features of primary hepatic carcinoma with different hepatic background,but there is no significant differences in the perfusion parameters in three groups. The time-intensity curve can analysze the perfusion parameters of contrast-enhanced ultrasound of primary hepatic carcinoma objectively,which is helpful for differential diagnosis.

Objective: To explore the conditions of health and to analyze the influencing factors of the main chronic diseases of the elderly in inland and island of Zhuhai city.Methods: Using stratified sampling method and random cluster sample to investigate a total of 582 elderly aged 60 and over in the two districts of Zhuhai city in Guangdong province.The health conditions of the elderly were compared between two districts and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of the main chronic diseases.Results: The top five chronic diseases among the elderly in inland were hypertension,osteoarthrosis, eye disease,diabetes and heart disease.The top five chronic diseases among the elderly in island were hypertension,osteoarthrosis,eye disease,diabetes and heart disease.There were significant differences between two districts in age,education,income,blood lipids,uric acid(P<0.05). The age was the influencing factor of hypertension of the elderly in both districts. Conclusion: The top two chronic diseases among the elderly in inland and island were both hypertension and osteoarthrosis.The prevalence rates of two chronic diseases in Zhuhai city among the elderly are in high levels.Health education showed be performed in the elderly according to the different influencing factors of chronic diseases.

Objective: To analyze the detection,etiological types and epidemic characteristics of human rhinovirus(HRV)in the hospitalized children with respiratory syndrome in Chengdu area during 2011—2013,and to provide basic data for prevention and control HRV infection.Methods: Altogether 1 117 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected regularly from the children with respiratory syndrome. The samples were screened for the presence of RNA of HRV-5'NCR using RT-PCR.HRV specific sequence types and mutation status were identified by sequencing the VP4/VP2 coding region.Results: A total of 24.62%(275/1 117)of these samples were positive for HRV RNA.30 sequences were obtained,including 15 HRV-As,4 HRV-Bs and 11 HRV-Cs.The HRV detection peak was in November,and in different age groups,the detection rate for children under 1 years of age was higher than others.The highest detection rate of HRV was in the children with asthmatic diseases among different clinical diagnosis diseases.Conclusion: HRV is a common pathogen of viral infection in the hospitalized children with respiratory syndrome and it can be detected throughout the year in Chengdu area.The differences in detection rate between different genders and different seasons are satistically significant.Sequence analysis showed that multiple genotypes of rhinovirus are epidemic in common in Chengdu area and HRV-A is the main subtype.