Objective: To explore the expressions of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and its synthases cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) and cystathionine gamma lyase (CSE) in the cell lines of normal bladder and bladder cancer, and to clarify their mechanism in the development of bladder cancer. Methods: The bladder cancer cell lines (5637, T24, UM-UC-3, EJ) and human bladder epithelial cell line SV-HUC-1 were selected. The expressions of CBS and CSE in bladder cancer and normal cell lines were analyzed by Western blotting assay and the productivities of H₂S in cell lines were detected by sensitive sulphur electrode assay. The EJ cells were selected based on the previous experimental results and divided into groups as follows:① 10 μmol·L^-1 NaHS group, 50μmol·L^-1 NaHS group, 100μmol·L^-1 NaHS group and control group. After drug treatment, the cell survival rate was measured by MTT assay at 24 and 48 h. ② 5 μg·L^-1 cisplatin group, cisplatin (5 μg·L^-1)+NaHS (100 μmol·L^-1) group and control group. After medicine treatment, the cell survival rate was measured by MTT assay and the cell apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry at 48 h. Results: Compared with the normal bladder cells (SV-HUC-1), the expression levels of CBS and CSE and the productivity of H₂S in the bladder cancer cell lines (5637, T24,UM-UC-3 and EJ) were increased obviously (P<0.05or P<0.01). Compared with control group, exogenous H₂S promoted the cell proliferation of EJ cells. The cell survival rates were increased with the increase of drug dose (P<0.05), which showed a dose-dependent effect. The cell survival rates were increased with the prolongation of time(P<0.05), which showed a time-dependent effect. After medicine treatment, compared with cisplatin group, the cell viability in cisplatin+NaHS group was increased (P<0.05) and the apoptotic rate was decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Endogenous H₂S and its synthases CBS and CSE have an increased expression level in bladder cancer cell lines compared with the normal bladder cells. H₂S can enhance the proliferation of bladder cancer cells and decrease the apoptosis induced by cisplatin.

Objective: To transfect the non-viral vector polyethylenimine (PEI) mediated miR-2861 mimic into the MC3T3-E1 cell line,and to explore the transfection efficiency of PEI/miR-2861 complex and its effects on the proliferation and osteogenesis differentiation in pre-osteoblasts. Methods: The proper amount of PEI was blended with miR-2861 mimic and negative control (NC) separately in a ratio of N:P=10:1, and they were divided into experiment group and NC group. The NC/PEI complex acted as the NC group was used to eliminate the interference of osteogenesis from the addition of double-stranded RNA mimic. MTT assay was used to determine the optimal concentration of PEI/miR-2861 mimic complex. The fluorescence imaging technique and bulge-loop RT-PCR were used to detect the transfection efficiency and mRNA expression of miRNA-2861 in the cells with different concentrations(10,30,50, and 100 nmol·L^-1),separately. The osteogenesis ability of MC3T3 cells was identified with RT-PCR and Alizarin red staining with the selected concentration of PEI/miR-2861 by transient transfection. Results: Compared with blank control group, the proliferation rates of MC3T3 cells in 100 nmol·L^-1 PEI/miR-2861 group was decreased significantly at 72 h(P<0.05). With the increasing of transfected concentration the transfection efficiency of miRNA/PEI complex was increased gradually. The results of Alizarin red staining and quantitative analysis showed that calcium deposits were more and bigger in experiment group after induced for 21 d, while both in blank control group and NC group they were less. Conclusion: The miRNA-2861 mimic can be effectively transfected into the MC3T3-E1 cell line and expresses with a high level, which is mediated by PEI as the gene vector. miR-2861 mimic has a certain ability of promoting osteogenesis differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.

Objective: To construct the pleiotrophin (PTN) overexpression vector, and to explore the effect of PTN on the decidualization of uterine stromal cells in the mice. Methods: The specific primers containing restriction enzyme cutting sites were designed according to the PTN gene sequences published in GenBank for PCR amplification. The amplified fragment of PTN was recovered from the agarose gel and cloned into the pGEM-T vector. The pGEMT-PTN was cut by double enzyme digestion and ligated into pcDNA3.1(+) to construct the PTN overexpression plasmid. After transfection with PTN overexpression plasmid, the expression levels of PTN mRNA in the uterine stromal cells and the expression levels of decidualization markers Prl8a2 and Prl3c1 were detected by qRT-PCR method. The uterine stromal cells transfected with pcDNA3.1(+) empty vector were used as control group. Results: The results of identification by double enzyme digestion indicated that the bands of PTN overexpression plasmid were consistent with those of the target gene, and the clone sequencing results suggested that it had 100% homology with mouse PTN gene sequence published in GenBank. Compared with control group, the expression levels of PTN, Prl8a2 and Prl3c1 mRNA in mouse uterine stromal cells in PTN overexpression group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: PTN overexpression could increase the expression levels of decidualization markers in mouse uterine stromal cells, indicating that PTN might play an enhancement effect during uterine decidualization in the mice.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of schisandrin B (SchB) on the cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury of the rats and the influence in HSPA12B/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and to explore the mechanisms.Methods: 130 SD rats were divided into sham group, cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury model group (model group), low dose of SchB group(SchB 3 mg·kg^-1, SchB₁ group), middle dose of SchB group(SchB 10 mg·kg^-1, SchB₂ group)and high dose of SchB group(SchB 30 mg·kg^-1, SchB₃ group)(n=26). The rats in sham group didn't plug lines; the rats in model were used to establish ischemia reperfusion models; the rats in SchB₁, SchB₂ and SchB₃ groups were firstly pretreated with different doses of SchB for 7 d, and then they were used to build cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury models. The nerve dysfunction of rats was evaluated by neurologic deficit score. The cerebral edema was detected by measuring the content of water in brain tissue. The morphological changes of brain tissue were observed by toluidine blue staining. The levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the brain tissue were detected by ELISA. Western blotting method was used to detect the protein expression levels of heat shock protein A12B (HSPA12B), serine-threonine kinase (Akt) and phosphorylation serine-threonine kinase (p-AKT). Results: Compared with sham group, the neurologic deficit score of rats in model group was significantly increased (P<0.01), and the content of water in brain tissue was increased (P<0.01); the brain tissue structure was loosened, and the mesenchyme appeared edema; the NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 levels were increased (P<0.01), and the expression levels of HSPA12B and p-Akt proteins were decreased (P<0.01). Compared with model group, the neurologic deficit scores of the rats in SchB₁, SchB₂, and SchB₃ groups were decreased (P<0.01), and the contents of water in brain tissue of the rats in SchB₂ and SchB₃ groups were decreased (P<0.05); the edema of nerve cells was alleviated, and the cavities were reduced; the NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 levels were decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the expression levels of the HSPA12B protein in SchB₂, and SchB₃ groups were increased (P<0.05), and the p-Akt protein expression levels of the rats in SchB₁, SchB₂, and SchB₃ groups were increased (P<0.01). Conclusion: SchB could protect the cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury of rats, its mechanism may be related to regulating the HSPA12B/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibiting the inflammatory reaction damage to the nerve cells of reperfusion.

Objective: To screen the new candidate molecules interacting with protein kinase Wee1B by yeast two hybrid system, and to analyze their interaction with Wee1B in the early stage of mouse fertilized eggs by bioinformatics.Methods: The plasmid pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO-Wee1B wild type encoding mouse Wee1B gene was used as template to construct bait plasmid pGBKT7 Wee1B and the bait plasmid pGBKT7-Wee1B was transformed into yeast competent cells at SD/Trp(SDO), SD/Trp/X-α-Gal(SDO/X) and SD/Trp/X α Gal/AbA plates(SDO/X/A) plates to detect the toxicity and self-activation ability of yeast and its expression in yeast using Western blotting method. The yeast cells containing pGBKT7-Wee1B were fused with human ovary cDNA library, the yeast plasmid transformation of Escherichia coli positive clones were sequenced after identified by yeast transformation. BLAST analysis was carried out in GenBank, and its effect on the development of mouse fertilized eggs was deduced according to the gene annotation. Results: The double enzyme digestion analysis and sequencing analysis results showed that the pGBKT7-Wee1B bait plasmid was successfully constructed. The plasmid was transformed into the yeast, and there were no clones in the SDO/X/A plates. The pGBKT7-Wee1B and pGBKT7 empty vectors were transformed into the yeast, the bacteria were inoculated on the SDO plates, and the clones were uniformly grown on the two SDO plates. The positive clones were picked and expanded in culture, the protein was extracted and Western blotting showed that pGBKT7 Wee1B was expressed in the yeast. The bait plasmids were fused with human ovary cDNA library and the positive clones inserted into the fragment were identified by PCR. Nine proteins which interacted with Wee1B protein kinase were screened out by sequencing and blast analysis, and the proteins which could be closely related to the development of mouse oocytes and the development of fertilized eggs were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion: Using the yeast two hybrid system from human ovary cDNA library,nine interacting proteins with Wee1B protein kinase are screened and these screened proteins may regulate mouse oocyte maturation and early embryo development through interacting with Wee1B.

Objective: To observe the effect of "Warming Yang and Nourishing Qi" Acupuncture on the acetylcholine receptor (AchR) mRNA expression in neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of the rats with experimental autoimmune myasthenis gravis (EAMG),and to analyze the mechanism of acupuncture treatment for EAMG. Methods: AchRα1 129-145 peptide fragments were used to immune the 60 female Lewis rats to establish the EAMG rat models. 30 EAMG rats were selected randomly and divided into model control group, acupuncture treatment group and drug control group(n=10). Another 10 SPF- "grade three" female Lewis rats, which were raised together with EAMG rats, were used as blank control group. The rats in model control group and blank control group had no treatment. The rats in acupuncture treatment group were treated with "Warming Yang and Nourishing Qi" Acupuncture.The rats in drug control group were treated with pyridostigmine bromide by gavage. The tissue samples in NMJ of gastrocnemius of the rats were collected, and the expression levels of AChR mRNA were detected with Real-time PCR method; the differences among various groups were analyzed quantitatively. Results: Compared with blank control group,the expression levels of γ-AChR mRNA and ε-AChR mRNA in NMJ of the rats in acupuncture treatment group drug control group and model control group were significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with model control group,the γ- AChR mRNA and ε- AChR mRNA in NMJ of the rats in drug acupuncture treatment group and control group were significantly increased (P<0.01). Conclusion: "Warming Yang and Nourishing Qi" Acupuncture can effectively improve the expression level of AchR mRNA and it is an effective treatment method for myasthenia gravis.

Objective: To obesrve the influence of DNA-PKcs in the chemoresistance of multi-drug resistance malignant glioma cells, and to explore its molecuIar mechanism in chemoresistance. Methods: siRNA was used to construct the DNA-PKcs knockdown human glioma U251 cell line; Western blotting method was used to detect the expressions of DNA-PKcs in U251 cells (U251 cells),doxorubicin (ADM) resistant U251 cells (U251/ADM cells), DNA-PKcs knockdown and ADM resistant U251 cells (U251/ADM/siDNA-PKcs cells).CCK8 method was used to detect the cell proliferation activity in three groups; Western blotting method was used to detect the expressions of MDR1, pNF-κB/p6, total Akt, pAkt/T308 and pAKT/S473 in the cells in three groups. Results: The expression level of DNA-PKcs in U251/ADM cells was significantly higher than those in U251 cells and U251/ADM/siDNA-PKcs cells (P<0.01). The IC₅₀ values of doxorubicin (ADM), paclitaxel (PTX), gemcitabine (GEM) in U251/ADM/siDNA-PKcs cells were significantly lower than that in U251/ADM cells (P<0.05); the expression levels of pAKT/S473, pNF-κB/p65, and MDR1 in U251/ADM/siDNA-PKcs cells were significantly lower than those in U251/ADM cells (P<0.01), but the total Akt and pAkt/T308 had no significant differences between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: DNA-PKcs can significantly enhance the chemoresistance of multi-drug resistance malignant glioma cells, the underlying mechanism is related to up-regulation of pAKT/S473,pNF-κB/p65 and MDR1 expressions.

Objective: To explore the influence of Shenhong Tongluo Granules in the lipid levels, atherosclerosis plaques and apoptosis in the plaques of atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-knokout mice, and to clarify the mechanism of Shenhong Tongluo Granules in anti-atherosclerosis. Methods: Forty SPF male mice aged six-week old were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, low dose of traditional chinese medicine(TCM) group and high dose of TCM group(n=10) after fed adaptively for 1 week. The mice in normal control group were fed with normal diet continuously, the mice in other three groups were fed with high fat diet to establish atherosclerosis model, and then the mice in low and high doses of TCM groups were respectively given Shenhong Tongluo Granules(5.06 and 10.12 g·kg^-1·d^-1) by gavage for 6 weeks. The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) of the mice in various groups were measured after the eyeball blood was collected. The aortic arch tissue was separated, and the morphotogy and the areas of atherosclerotic plaques were observed and calculated by HE staining; the apoptosis in plaques of the mice was evaluated by TUNEL method,and the apoptosis index was calculated. The expressions of apoptosis-assoicated gene Bcl-2 and Bax protein were measured by immunohistochemical staining. Results: The serum level of TG in low dose of TCM group was lower than that in model group(P<0.05); the serum levels of HDL-C in low and high doses of TCM groups were lower than that in model group(P<0.05 or P<0.01); the serum levels of TG and HDL-C in high dose of TCM group was higher than that in low dose of TCM group(P<0.05). The areas of atherosclerotic plaques of the mice in low and high doses of TCM groups were significantly smaller than that in model group(P<0.01). The apoptosis index of mice in low and high doses of TCM groups were significantly lower than that in model group(P<0.01); the expression levels of Bcl-2 protein in atherosclerosis plaques of the mice in low and high doses of TCM groups were lower than that in model group, while the expression levels of Bax were significantly higher than that in model group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion: Shenhong Tongluo Granules could effectively reduce the serum lipid level of ApoE^-/- mice, meanwhile it could inhibit apoptosis by regulating the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax protein, and then inhibit the progression of atherosclerotic plaques.

Objective: To investigate the effect of antlerbase on the radiation carcinogenesis by observing the effect of antlerbase on the expressions of Notch2 gene and immune function of the mice with thymic lymphomas induced by ionizing radiation. Methods: Ninety BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group,irradiation group and irradiation combined with drug group(combined group)(n=30). The thymic lymphoma models of mice were made by X-ray irradiation in irradiation group and combined group; after establishing the animal models, the mice in combined group were fed with chow containing antlerbase superfine powder. After 6 months, the whole blood and thymic tissue were taken, then RT-PCR and Western blotting methods were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions levels of Notch2 gene in the thymic lymphoma tissue; ELISA method was used to detect the serum immunoglobulin(IgG, IgA, IgM)levels and SOD kit was used to detect the serum SOD activities of the tumor mice. Results: The incidences of thymic lymphoma in irradiation group and combined group were 53.33%(16/30)and 36.67%(11/30),respectively.Compared with control group,the expression levels of mRNA and protein of Notch2 gene in thymic lymphoma of the mice in irradiation group were significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with irradiation group,the expression levels of mRNA and protein of Notch2 gene in combined group were decreased(P<0.05);compared with control group,the levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM in serum of the mice in irradiation group were decreased(P<0.05);compared with irradiation group,the levels of IgG, IgM,hemoglobin and the activity of SOD in serum of the mice in combined group were increased(P<0.05). Conclusion: Ionizing radiation can activate the high expression of Notch2 gene and protein and decrease the immune function of mice, it might be one of the mechanisms for the occurrence of radiation carcinogenesis; antlerbase can decrease the incidence of radiation carcinogenesis by inhibiting the expression of Notch2 gene and increasing the immune function of mice, which might play an role in restraining tumor.

Objective: To investigate the effect of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) electrospun membranes loaded with cisplatin and chloroquine on the oral squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 cells,and to explore the method to prevent the recurrence of oral cancer. Methods: The DDP/PLA membranes,CQ/DDP/CQ/PLA membranes and CQ/DDP/PLA membranes were prepared by electrospinning. Then the micro morphology of three kinds of membranes were observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM);the degradation rate of PLA membrane was measuredby UV spectrophotometric. The LC3-Ⅱ expression level in CAL-27 cells was detected by laser scanning confocal microscope.The survival rate of CAL-27 cells was detected by MTT method. Results: The SEM results showed that the nanofibers of DDP/PLA,CQ/DDP/PLA and CQ/DDP/CQ/PLA membranes were continuous and smooth with uniform diameters. The degrated time of membranes was about 21 d. The MTT result showed that compared with control group,at first,the effects of cell killing of DDP/PLA membranes, CQ/DDP/CQ/PLA membranes and CQ/DDP/PLA membranes were not obvious; as the extension of time, the survival rates of CAL-27 cells in DDP/PLA membranes group,CQ/DDP/CQ/PLA membranes group and CQ/DDP/PLA membranes group were decreased(P<0.05). The immunofluorescence results showed that the fluorescence intensity of LC3-Ⅱ in CQ/DDP/CQ/PLA membranes group and CQ/DDP/PLA membranes group were lower than that in DDP/PLA membranes group. Conclusion: CQ/DDP/PLA membranes with sustained-release effect can increase the sensitivity of CAL-27 cells to DDP and enchance the killer effect of DDP on the CAL-27 cells.

Objective: To study the inhibitory effect of γδT cells on the proliferation of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells, and to clarify its possible mechanism of inducing apoptosis. Methods: The human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells cultured in vitro were used as control group, and the γδT and SKOV3 cells were co-cultured for 72 h as γδT cells treatment group.Laser scanning confocal microscope was used to obeserve the morphological changes of nucleus SKOV3 cells,and the inhibitory rate of proliferation of SKOV3 cells in two groups were detected by MTT method;Transwell Chambers was used to detect the cell migration ability,then the apoptotic rates of SKOV3 cells were tested by flow cytometry(FCM). Results: The apoptotic morphology of nucleus of SKOV3 cells in γδT cells treatment group were found under microscope, such as nuclear shrinkage.The MTT resultes displayed that the inhibitory rate of proliferation of SKOV3 cells in γδT cells treatment group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05).The Transwell Chambers results showed that the number of transmembrane cells in γδT cells treatment group was lower than that in control group, and the migration rate was decreased compared with control group (P<0.05).The FCM results showed that the apoptotic rate of SKOV3 cells in γδT cells treatment group was higher than that in control group(P<0.05). Conclusion: γδT cells can inhibit the proliferation and the migration abilities of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells,and promote the apoptosis.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of promotion effect of juglone combined with cisplatin on the apoptosis of human cervical cancer HeLa cells, and to clarify the effects of its associated signal transduction pathways. Methods:The HeLa cells at logarithmic growth phase were divided into control group, juglone group, cisplatin group and juglone combined with cisplatin group (combined treatment group). The inhibitory rates of proliferation of HeLa cells were detected by MTT assay. The apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33258 staining. The expressions of Bcl-2,Bax and caspase-3,AKt,and pAKt were detected by Western blotting method. Results: The MTT results showed that the HeLa cell proliferation at 24,48 72 h in each drug group was inhibited; compared with control group,the profileration of HeLa cells in juglone group and cisplatin group was significantly inhibited,especially in combined group.Compared with single drug group, the inhibitory effect in combined treatment group was more significantly. After treatment for 12 h, the typical morphological changes of apoptosis were found in juglone group and cisplatin group by Hoechst 33258 staining, especially in combined treatment group.The Western blotting results showed that the expression levels of Bcl-2 and pAKt in HeLa cells in juglone group and cisplatin group 12 h after treatment were decreased obviously,whereas the expression levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and AKt were increased significantly,especially in combined treatment group compared with control group. Conclusion: Juglone combined with cisplatin could inhibit the PI3K/AKt pathway, thereby promoting the apoptpsis of HeLa cells.

Objective: To study the influence of miR-221 in the β cells of mice with diabetic nephropathy (DN), and to clarify the protective effect of miR-221 on DN. Methods: Twenty wild type C57BL/6J mice aged 8 weeks were divided into control group and DN group(n=10).The DN mice models were constructed with 14 weeks of high fat diet,and 100mg·kg^-1 streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce the partial insulin deficiency. 10 weeks later the blood glucose, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen content and 24h-urinary albumin excretion rate were detected. The β cells of islet were isolated from the DN mice. The expression level of SOCS3 mRNA in β cells of islet was valued by Real-time PCR. The proliferation of pancreatic β cells of islet was examined by MTT assay. The contents of insulin and insulin release levels in pancreatic β cells of islet were detected by ELISA assay. Luciferase reporter gene assay was used to detect the luciferase reporter gene activity of SOCS3. Results: The DN mouse models were constructed successfully. The blood glucose, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and 24h-urinary albumin excretion rate of the mice in DNA group were higher than those in control group(P<0.05). After overexpression of miR-221, the expression level of SOCS3 mRNA in pancreatic β cells of islet and the proliferation ability of β cells of islet of the mice in DN group were lower than those of normal islet cells (P<0.05). Then luciferase reporter gene method found SOCS3 as one of the target genes of miR-221. After overexpression of miR-221, the insulin release level and insulin content in pancreatic β cells of islet were higher than those of normal islet cells(P<0.05). Conclusion: miR-221 can promopt the synthesis and secretion of β cells of islet and inhibit the dysfunction of β cells of islet in the DN mice by down-regulating the SOCS3 level.

Objective: To study the protective effect of platelet-rich plasma on never function in the rats with traumatic brain injury(TBI),and to clarify its mechanisms. Methods: Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into sham group(opened skull bone window only), TBI group and platelet-rich plasma treatment group(PRP group)(n=20). The rats in PRP group were injected with platelet-rich plasma through vessel on the 1st day, the 2nd day and the 6th day after operation while the rats in sham group and TBI group were treated with saline at the same time. The neurological function defects were assessed with modified neurological severity score(mNSS) on the 1st, 3rd and 7th after operation. Then 10 rats were taken from each group and executed, and the brain tissues were taken. The brain sections were prepared for the histological observation and the others of each group were tested with Morris water maze. Results: Compared with sham group,the mNSS scores of the rats in TBI and PRP group were increased (P<0.05); the mNSS score of the rats in PRP group was decreased compared with TBI group(P<0.05). The injured volume of rat brain tissue was reduced significantly in PRP treated group compared with TBI group (P<0.05). The Nissl staining results showed that the injury area in PRP group had a more neat rows and a larger number of new blood vessels compared with TBI group. The immunohistochemical staining results showed the injured area had a higher level expression of GFAP⁺ cells in TBI group compared with PRP group, but the amount of neuN⁺ cells was smaller than that in PRP group(P<0.05). The Morris water maze test results showed that there were a shorter escape latency time, more times acrossing platform and a larger swimming time during platform quadrant in PRP group compared with TBI group(P<0.05). Conclusion: Platelet-rich plasma has a significant role in protecting the neurological function of TBI rats.

Objective: To observe the effect of icariin on the osteoporosis of the ovariectomized rats, and to explore the mechanism.Methods: Fifty female rats aged 6 months were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, positive drug group, low dose of icariin group and high dose of icariin group(n=10). The rats in positive drug group were given with 1 mg·kg^-1 nilestriol every week;the rats in low and high doses of icariin groups were given with 50 and 100 mg·kg^-1 icariin every day. The bilateral ovaries of rats were excised by operation to establish the osteoporosis models. 2 weeks after operation, the rats were treated with icariin for 12 weeks, and then they were sacrificed by drawing blood from abdominal aorta under anesthesia condion. The bone mineral density(BMD), serum biochemical indicators, bone histomorphology and the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins were detected. Results: Compared with sham operation group,the BMD of the rats in model group was decreased (P<0.01), the serum calcium level was decreased (P<0.05),and the serum phosphorus level was increased(P<0.05), and the serum BGP,ALP, NO and NOS levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with model group, the BMD of the rats in positive drug group and high dose of icariin group were obviously increased (P<0.01),the serum calcium levels were increased,the phosphorus levels were decreased (P<0.05),and the BGP and ALP levels were increased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the cortical in model group was thinned,the width of bone trabecula was reduced,the Bax and Caspase-3 expression levels in bone tissue were increased, and the Bcl-2 expression level was decreased. Compared with model group, the cortical in icariin group was thicked,the width of bone trabecula was increased, the Bax and Caspase-3 expression levels were decreased,and the Bcl-2 expression level was increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: Icariin can protect the osteoporosis of ovariectomized rats, the function may be related to the inhibition of apoptosis.

Objective: To explore the inhibitory effect of gallotannin (GLTN) on the proliferation of rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) induced by high sugar stimulation and the influence in the cell cycle of the rats,and to clarify the prevention effect of GLTN in the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods: The experimental cells were divided into normal control group (D-glucose 5.5 mmol·L^-1, NC group), high glucose group (D-glucose 30 mmol·L^-1, HC group), high glucose+5 mmol·L^-1 3-AB group (AB group), high glucose+20μmol·L^-1 GLTN group (G20 group), high glucose+40 μmol·L^-1 GLTN group (G40 group).The proliferation of GMC in different groups at different time points(4,8,24,48 and 72 h)was observed by MTT assay. The changes of cell cycle of GCM under different culture conditions were examined by flow cytometry, and the expression levels of TGF-β1 and CTGF were detected by Western blotting method. Results: Compared with NC group, the proliferation levels of GMC in HC group were increased (P<0.01), and reached the peak at 48 h; the percentage of S phase cells was increased(P<0.01). Compared with HC group, the proliferation levels of GMC in 3-AB group and GLTN group were significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the percentages of S phase cells were decreased (P<0.01). Compared with NC group, the protein expression levels of TGF-β1 and CTGF in each drug group were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), but they were significantly lower than those in HC group (P<0.01). Conclusion: GLTN can inhibit the proliferation of GMC under high sugar stimulation through arresting the cell cycle and down-regulating the expressions of TGF-β1 and CTGF and delay the occurrence and development of DN.

Objective: To study the effect of endothelin receptor antagonist BQ-123 on the nerve function damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the rats, and to explore the mechanisms. Methods: Total 120 male SD rats were divided into sham group, SAH group, low dose of BQ-123 group (50 μg·kg^-1) and high dose of BQ-123 group(75 μg·kg^-1). The SAH rat models were established by injecting the autologous blood into cisterna magna twice. The morphological changes of hippocampus nerve cells of rat brain tissue were detected with HE staining, and the expressions of mTOR, Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ in the hippocampus of rats were detected with immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR; the shuttle-box experiment was used to evaluate the abilities of learning and memory, and the holding power evaluation was used to evaluate the forelimb pulling force of the rats in various groups at each time point. Results: Compared with sham group, the morphological damages of neurons of the rats in SAH group were increased, the survival rate of neurons of the rats in SAH group was decreased(P<0.05), the expression levels of mTOR mRNA, Beclin-1 mRNA and LC3-Ⅱ mRNA in hippocampus tissue of the rats were increased(P<0.05), and the abtilities of learning and memory and the values of holding power were decreased(P<0.05). Compared with SAH group, the morphological damages of neurons of the rats in BQ-123 groups were decreased, the survival rates of neurons of the rats in BQ-123 groups were increased(P<0.05), the expression levels of mTOR mRNA of rats were decreased(P<0.05), the expression levels of Beclin-1 mRNA and LC3-Ⅱ mRNA in hippocampus tissue were increased(P<0.05), and the abilities of learning and memory and the values of holding power were increased(P<0.05).The changes were more significant in high dose of BQ-123 group compared with low dose of BQ-123 group(P<0.05). Conclusion: BQ-123 can improve the nerve function damage after SAH in the rats, its mechanism may be related to regulating the mTOR/autophagy signaling pathway.

Objective: To explore the expressions of Disabled-1(Dab1) in human breast epithelial cells and breast cancer cells, and to clarify its role in cell cycle. Methods: Real-time PCR was used to analyze the Dab1 mRNA expressions in breast epithelial cells MCF-10A and breast cancer cells MCF-7, BT-549, and MDA-MB-231. The Dab1 protein expressions in those cells were tested by Western blotting method. The BT-549 cells at logarithmic growth phase were divided into control, pKH3, and pKH3-Dab1 groups; the cell cycle was investigated by flow cytometry. Results:The Real-time PCR results showed that the Dab1 mRNA expression levels in MCF-7 cells (0.504±0.037), BT-549 cells (0.302±0.027), and MDA-MB-231 cells (0.330±0.031) were reduced compared with MCF-10A cells (0.998±0.020) (P<0.05). The Western blotting results showed that the Dab1 protein expression levels in breast cancer cells MCF-7 (0.134±0.014), BT-549 (0.076±0.01), and MDA-MB-231 (0.074±0.005) were reduced compared with MCF-10A cells (0.227±0.021) (P<0.05). Compared with control group and pKH3 group, the cell cycle in pKH3-Dab1 group was inhibited at G₁ phase detected by flow cytometry analysis. Conclusion: The expression of Dab1 is down-regulated in breast cancer cells, and the over-expression of Dab1 can inhibit the cell cycle at G1 phase.

Objective: To evaluate the curative efficacy of tacrolimus (FK506) combined with corticosteroids in the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN), and to analyze the response of anti-M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody to the treatment. Methods: Sixty-one adult IMN patients were divided into FK506 group (FK506 combined with corticosteroids, n=24) and CTX group (cyclophosphomide combined with corticosteroids, n=37) according to their willing to the acceptance of different immunosuppressives. The remission rates of the patients at 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks after treatment in two groups were analyzed. The ELISA method was used for the detection of serum anti-PLA2R antibodies of the patients before and after treatment. The antibody level changes were observed and the difference of remission rates was compared between the antibody positive patients and the negative patients in FK506 group. Results: The total remission rates of the patients in FK506 and CTX groups 24 weeks after treatment were 91.7% and 64.9% respectively and the total remission rate of the patients in FK506 group was significantly higher than that in CTX group(P<0.05). The total remission rates at 8, 12, 24 week after treatment and the partial remission rates at 12 and 24 weeks in FK506 group were significantly higher than those in CTX group (P<0.05). The anti-PLA2R antibody positive rates in FK506 group and CTX group were 75.0% and 70.3%, respectively; the negative conversion rate of anti-PLA2R antibody at 24 weeks after treatment in two groups were 61.6% and 57.7%, respectively; there were no significant differences between two groups(P>0.05).The total remis sion rates of the antibody positive patients and negative patients at baseline in FK506 group 24 weeks after treatment were 88.9% and 100.0%, respectively; there was no significant difference (P>0.05). Except the characteristic side effects of corticosteroids, the patients in FK506 group presented no hyperglycemia, tubulointerstitial damage, hepatic lesion or neurotoxicity. But the patients in CTX group showed mild hepatic lesion or gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusion: The remission rate of FK506 combined with corticosteroids is higher than that of CTX combined with corticosteroids in the treatment of IMN patients. FK506 treatment has relatively rapid effect and less side effects as well. The negative conversion of serum anti-PLA2R antibody follows the remission after treatment; however, the negative conversion rate has no significant difference between FK506 group and CTX group. The remission rate of IMN patients treated with FK56 combined with hormone has no relationship with the baseline anti-PLA2R antibody.

Objective: To explore the expression of miR-139-5p in small cell lung cancer (SCLC)tissue and its clinical significance,and to clarify the role of miR-139-5p in the occurrence and development of SCLC. Methods: The biological function of miR-139-5p was examined by cell growth, apoptosis and cell cycle analysis.The expressions of miR-139-5p in 50 cases of cancer tissue and paracarcinoma normal tissue were examined by QRT-PCR. Combined with the clinical data,the role of miR-139-5p in clinic was anzlyzed. Results: The expression level of miR-139-5p in SCLC tumor tissue was lower than that in normal lung tissue (P<0.01). The expression level of miR-139-5p in the cells was un-regulated significantly after transferred miR-139-5p mimics(P<0.01).Compared with control group,the proliferation abilitiy of cells was reduced after up-regulating the expression of miR-139-5p (P<0.01),the number of cells at G₁ phase was increased(P<0.05),and the cells were arrested at G₀/G₁ phase. The miR-139-5p expression was not associated with gender and age(P>0.05). The expression level of miR-139-5p in the patient at LD stage was lower than that of the patients at ED stage (P<0.01).The expression level of miR-139-5p in the resistant patients was higher than that of the patients sensitive to chemotherappy(P<0.01).The expression level of miR-139-5p in the survival patients was lower than that in the death patients(P<0.01). Cox regression analysis indicated that miR-139-5p expression and disease stage were the independent prognostic factors for SCLC. Conclusion: miR-139-5p in participates in the occurrence and development of SCLC by inhibiting the cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis and inducing the cell cycle arrest;it may be used as a target gene to evaluate the prognosis of SCLC patients.

Objective: To observe the effects of 8-week interval anaerobic training on the respiratory function, airway inflammatoion and exercise performance in the asthmatic children, and to provide theoretic and practical evidence for special exercise prescription for the asthmatic children. Methods: Forty-six mild asthmatic children were willingly divided into exercise group (n=23) and control group (n=23). The children in exercise group conducted 8 weeks interval anaerobic training while the children in control group maintained intrinsical lifestyle. Before and after experiment,the respiratory function, airway inflammatory reaction and exercise performance were determined by pneumonometer, nitric oxide determinator and cycle ergometer. Results: One patient of each group was lost to follow up.509 persons in exercise group finished the training; 11 persons had adverse reaction and the incidence was 2.2%. After experiment, compared with before experiment,the peak expiratory flow (PEF)in exercise group after experiment was increased (P<0.05), the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) was decreased (P<0.05),the mean power (MP) and peak power (PP) in 30 s Wingate test were raised (P<0.05); there were no significant differences of all indicators in control group (P>0.05). Compared with control group after experiment, all indexes above (PEF, FeNO, MP and PP) in exercise group existed statistical differences (P<0.05). Conclusion: Interval anaerobic training has safetiveness and effectiveness under proper supervision and could improve the respiratory function, reduce the airway inflammation and enhance the exercise performance in the mild asthmatic children.

Objective: To investigate the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α(HIF-2α)in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue, and to analyze its relationships with angiogenesis,cell proliferation and chemotherapy resistance. Methods: Total 112 cases of NSCLC and 20 cases of normal lung tissues were selected, immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of HIF-2α,CD31,Ki67 and GST-π in 112 cases of cancer tissue and 20 cases of normal lung tissue,and the correlations of HIF-2α expression with microvessel density (MVD),Ki67,and GST-π were analyzed. Results: The positive expression rate of HIF-2α in NSCLC tissue was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissue(P<0.05),the expression rate of HIF-2α in 112 cases of NSCLC was 47.3%(53/112). The MVD in HIF-2α protein high expression NSCLC group (31.1±14.7) was higher than that in HIF-2α protein low expression NSCLC group(24.3±15.8)(P<0.05). The cases of high expression of Ki67 in HIF-2α high expression group occupied 54.7% (29/53), and it was higher than that in HIF-2α low expression group(16/59,27.1%);there was significant difference(r=0.281,P=0.003).The high expression of HIF-2α had no obvious correlation with the expression of GST-π(r=0.122,P=0.202). Conclusion: HIF-2α may play an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of NSCLC by promoting the angiogenesis and enhancing the cell proliferation of NSCLC, but it may have no correlation with chemotherapy resistance.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the gene polymorphism cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14)-159C/T (rs2569190), and interleukin-8 (IL-8)-251A/T (rs4073) and the susceptibility of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), to clarify the influencing factors of susceptibility of NEC and to provide genetics theory basis for the research on the pathogenesis of NEC. Methods: Total 28 newborns with NEC and 41 newborns without NEC were selected. The amplification of peripheral blood DNA was conducted by PCR. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of CD14-159C/T and IL-8-251A/T of the patients were detected by Sanger DNA sequencing method. The relationship between them and the susceptibility of NEC was studied. Results: The distribution of genotypic frequencies of CD14-159C/T and IL-8-251A/T was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P>0.05). There were no significant differences of the allelic and genotypic frequencies of CD14-159C/T, or genotypic frequencies of IL-8-251A/T between two groups(P>0.05). While in NEC group,the T allelic frequency of IL-8-251A/T site was higher than that in control group(χ²=4.184,P=0.041, OR=2.14,95%CI:1.03-4.46). Conclusion: The polymorphism of CD14-159C/T is irrelevant to the pathogeny of NEC, but T allelic frequency of IL-8-251A/T site might be related to the susceptibility of NEC. So T allele in IL-8-251A/T may be one of the danger factors of NEC.

Objective: To explore the relationships between the endothelial microparticles (EMPs) in peripheral blood and CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells and their cytokine levels in the patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS), and to clarify the mechanism of EMPs in the pathogenesis of ACS by affecting the Treg cell differentiation and function.Methods: Twenty-three patients with stable angina (SAP) were allocated to SAP group, and 52 patients with ACS were allocated to ACS group. Twenty individuals with normal conventional coronary angiography results were recruited as control group. The levels of EMPs and the percents of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of the patients in various groups were measured by flow cytometry. The expressions of Foxp3 mRNA and the plasma levels of TGF-β₁ were detected with Real-Time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Correlation analysis was performed between EMPs and regulatory T cells, Foxp3 mRNA expression level and TGF-β₁ level. Results: Compared with control group and SAP group, the level of EMPs in peripheral blood of the patients in ACS group was increased significantly, but the percentage of regulatory T cells,the Foxp3 mRNA expression level and the plasma TGF-β₁ level were decreased markedly(P<0.01). The correlation analysis showed that there were significantly negative correlation between EMPs and regulatory T cells, Foxp3 mRNA expression level and TGF-β₁ level(r=-0.452,P=0.001;r=-0.466,P=0.001;r=-0.555,P=0.000). Conclusion: EMPs may involve in the process of occurrence and development of ACS and plaque instability by regulating the differentiation and function of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin in the treatment of the patients with primary hyperlipidemia in China. Methods: The related literatures in CNKI, VIP, Wanfang medicine network, PubMed/MEDLINE, CBM and Chinese dissertations full text database were retrievaled by computer from the establishment time of database to December 31,2015. Two researchers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria independently selected the studies and extracted the data and assessed the quality of the literatures. The Revman 5.0 software was used to perform Meta analysis of all effect indicators in various groups. Results: A total of 7 randomized controlled trial(RCT) were included, and there was no significant abnormality in bias evaluation. 8 weeks after treatment, the total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) levels of the patients in 5 mg rosuvastain group and 10 mg atorvastatin group had no significant differences between before and after treatment (P>0.05); the HDL-C levels of the patients in 10 mg rosuvastatin group and 10 mg atorvastatin group had significant differences between before and after treatment(P<0.05), but the TG, TC, and LDL-C levels had no significant differences (P>0.05); the TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C levels of the patients in 5 mg and 10 mg rosuvastatin groups had no significant differences between before and after treatment(P>0.05). 12 weeks after treatment, there were no significant differences in the TC and LDL-C levels between 10 mg rosuvastatin group and 10 mg atorvastatin group (P>0.05), but there were significant differences in the TG and HDL-C levels (P<0.01). The incidence of adverse reactions of the patients in three groups had no significant differences(P>0.05). Conclusion: 5 mg rosuvastatin and 10 mg atorvastatin in the treatment of the patients with primary hypercholesterolemia have similar lipid-lowering effect; with the the increase of the treatment time and the dose,10 mg rosuvastatin can obviously reduce the TG level and increase the HDL-C level of the patients, and the incidence of adverse reactions of two kinds of doses of rosuvastatin has no obvious difference.

Objective: To observe the effect of electromyographic biofeedback on the wrist dirsiflexion function of the patients with cerebral infarction at different Brunnstrom stages, and to clarify the treatment of electromyographic biofeedback,and to provide basis for its clinical application. Methods: A total of 100 cerebral infarction patients were selected.Among them 54 BrunnstromⅠ-Ⅱpatients were randomly divided into treatment group (n=32) and control group (n=22),and another 46 Brunnstrom Ⅲ patients were randomly divided into treatment group (n=23) and control group (n=23). The patients in four groups were treated with the same routine stroke rehabilitation therapy while the patients in treatment groups still received the electromyographic biofeedback therapy additionally. The maximum electromyographic contraction of muscle, active range of movement (AROM)and Fugl-Meyers Assessment (FMA) of the extension of wrist joint were evaluated before treatment and 4 and 8 weeks after treatment, respectively. Results: The maximum electromyographic contraction values of muscle of the patients in BrunnstromⅠ-Ⅱ treatment group and control group were significantly improved 8 weeks after treatment(P<0.05),and the value in treatment group was higher than that in control group(P<0.05).The maximum electromyographic contraction value of muscle in Brunnstrom Ⅲ treatment group began to improve 4 weeks after treatment compared with before treatment (P<0.05) and it was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).The maximum electromyographic contraction value of muscle in Brunnstrom Ⅲ control group began to improve 8 weeks after treatment (P<0.05).The AROM in Brunnstrom Ⅰ-Ⅱ treatment group began to improve 8 weeks after treatment (P<0.05) and it was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05) while the AROM in control group had no significant change(P>0.05).The AROM in Brunnstrom Ⅲ treatment group and control group were significantly improved 4 weeks after treatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the value in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).The FMA in BrunnstromⅠ-Ⅱtreatment group and control group were significantly improved 8 weeks after treatment(P<0.05),while the value in treatment group was higher than that in control group(P<0.05); the FMA in Brunnstrom Ⅲ treatment group began to improve 4 weeks after treatment (P<0.05) and it was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).The FMA in control group began to improve 8 weeks after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: Electromyographic biofeedback can increase the strength and improve the body function of the patients with cerebral infaction.

Objective: To perform the preoperative design and operative simulation for periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFF) in one patient with complex tumor knee replacement under assistance of three-dimensional(3D) printing technology, and to explore a more accurate and feasible way to restore the normal anatomy and function of this kind of patients. Methods: The female patient aged 32 years old diagnosed with PFF after an complex tumor knee replacement was selected.The CT images of the patient's bilateral legs were collected and reconstructed.The bilateral femurs were virtually sliced and the important parameters at each location of both sides were recorded respectively. Novel femoral stem and nail paths were specially designed on the basis of original prosthesis according to these parameters. Then vitual assemble was made with the residual femur. The prosthetic femoral stem components and navigator were customized based on the 3D simulation results when no more errors were found. The residual femoral resin model, customized components and navigator were printed with an SLA 3D printer. The bone cement was taken out and newly designed femoral stem was implanted successfully according to the steps designed preoperatively. The preconcerted allograft bone plates were applied for patch of the bone defect. The pathological results,X-ray and functional scores were included in the observation indexes. Results: With the help of successfully preoperative computer matching, successfully printed bone model-prosthesis assemble and re-customized navigator, the operation was successfully performed. The postoperative alignment shown in the X-ray image was good. The patient was able to normally walk and squat one month after operation with a crutch. MSTS93 score was improved from 0 before operation to 14 only one month after operation. Conclusion: As for PFF of complex tumor knee joint, preoperative design and simulation with 3D printing technology may provide a more accurately and effectively operative outcome than traditional methods.

Objective: To study the clinical and pathological features of Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH), and to provide the reference for its diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The manifestation of one LCH patient was retrospectively analyzed. The features of the LCH patients were explored by analyzing the results of skin biopsy, radiological test and follow-up. The associated literatures were reviewed. Results: The patient presented the typical symptoms gradually, including polycystic lung, skin ulcer, diabetes insipidus,and lactation. The skin pathological findings showed the densely distributed mononuclear cell infiltration in dermis and the immunohistological staining result showed positive CD1a. The patient was follwed up for 7 years and died of heart and lung failure. Conclusion: LHC has various manifestations and should be confirmed by clinical features,pathological features and imaging examination. The adult patients with multisystem and vital organ involvement suggest the poor prognosis.

Objective: To study the clinical features,experiences of diagnosis and treatment,and treatment process of ovarian nonspecific steroid cell tumor. Methods: The clinical materials of one case of ovarian nonspecific steroid cell tumor were retrospectively analyzed,and the related literaturels were reviewed. Results: The patient displayed amenorrhea and masculine characteristics.Preoperative ultrasonography demonstrated the solid tumor of 53 mm ×39 mm on the right ovary,consideration for the right side of ovarian malignant tumor,and laparotomy was performed.The pathologic results showed that the tumor cells were arranged in nests,and the cytoplasm was bright or eosinophilic,and the nucleus were round or oval with nucleolus. The immunohistochemical staining results revealed that calretinin,vimentin and inhibin were positive in the tumor cells.The patient was diagnosed with ovarian nonspecific steroid cell tumor. The postoperative follow-up of 3 months was performed,and there was no recurrence.Conclusion: The diagnosis of ovarian nonspecific steroid cell tumor should be combined with the clinical manifestation and pathologic results,and operion is the main treatment method.

Objective: To analyze the clinical materials of the patient with Van Wyk and Grumbach syndrome (VWGS),and to explore the pathogenesis,clinical characteristics,diagnosis,differential diagnosis and treatment method.Methods: The clinical data of a patient with VWGS was analyzed retrospectively.Results: The patient presented autoimmune thyroiditis,sever long-standing hypothyroidism,bilateral ovarian cysts,hyperprolactinaemia and a secondary pituitary adenoma.After thyroxine replacement treatment,the thyroid function and prolactin(PRL) level recovered to the normal levels and the ovarian cyst was shrunk within 1 month.Conclusion: The clinical manifestation of VWGS is special.And it's easy to misdiagnose this syndrome as pituitary adenoma or ovary cyst and then operation is performed. Thyroid hormone replacement can completely resolve the symptoms and hormone abnormalities.Grasping the clinical characteristics of this syndrome and making correct diagnosis is critical to avoid unnecessary operation.

Objective: To explore the clinical appearance, diagnosis method and curative efficacy of one patient with esophageal teratoma complicated with rupture of esophagus in order to raise the awareness of the clinicians for the disease. Methods: The patient with chest pain after eating was admitted to hospital, and upper gastrointestinal radiography, chest CT and endoscopy were taken,which showed rupture of esophagus.Then an emergency thoracic exploration was performed. A too long cleft and much necrosis were identified,so the repair of esophagus was changed into excision and anastomosis.Results: The operation was successful, and the pathological findings showed the rupture of esophageal teratoma. Follow-up showed no complication till now. Conclusion: Esophageal teratoma complicated with esophageal rupture is rare. Clinicians should improve the understanding and reduce the misdiagnosis rate.

Objective: To study the characteristics and clinical appearence of polymyositis(PM) or dermatomyositis(DM) combined with thyroid diseases, and to analyze the clinical significance. Methods: Total 77 patients first diagnosed as PM or DM were selected. All the patients were divided into four groups according to their thyroid functions, which were normal thyroid function group, low T3 syndrome group, hypothyroidism group, and subclinical hypothyroidism group. Their clinical manifestations, laboratory features, immunological examination results and prognosis were collected and analyzed. Results: In all the PM/DM patients, there were 41 cases with thyroid disfunction,including 17 cases(41.46%) with low T3 syndrome(41.46%). Compared with normal thyroid function group, the patients in hypothyroidism group were more vulnerable to dysphagia and edema (P<0.05); the proportion of proteinuria was also significantly increased (P<0.05). The PM/DM patients with low T3 syndrome were more easier to have higher incidence of death, higher level of C-reactive protein and lower levels of albumin and calciumion as well as higher incidence of edema and pleural effusion (P<0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of PM/DM combined with thyroid disfunction is higher, and low T3 syndrome is most common. The PM/DM patients with hypothyroidism and low T3 syndrome are more likely to suffer the digestive system, lung and kidney injuries. The patients with low T3 syndrome have a higher death rate.

Objective: To discuss the clinical efficacy of bandage contact lens (BCL) in pterygium excision combined with conjunctival transplantation for the older adults, and to explain its advantages. Methods: The clinical materials of 70 older patients (70 eyes) who underwent the pterygium excision combined with conjunctival transplantation were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into two groups according to the postoperative treatment. In the observation group, 35 cases (35 eyes) wore BCL after operation. In control group, 35 cases (35 eyes) were covered with normal eye pad. The scores of blurred vision, photophobia, foreign body sensation, lacrimation,eye-soreness, corneal fluorescence stain (FSC) and epithelial defect areas were observed at 1, 3, 7 and 10 d afer operation. Results: The scores of blurred vision, photophobia, foreign body sensation, lacrimation,eye-soreness of the patients in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group at 1, 3, and 7 d afer operation (P<0.05). The scores of FSC and epithelial defect areas of the patients in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group at 3 and 7 d afer operation (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in blurred vision, photophobia, foreign body sensation, lacrimation, eye-soreness, FSC and epithelial defect areas of the patients at 10 d afer operation between two groups (P>0.05). No complications of infection and implant healing badness were observed in all patients.Conclusion: BCL can significantly reduce the irritations after pterygium excision combined with conjunctival transplantation for the older adults and promote the healing of the corneal epithelium.

Objective: To measure the safe range from the foramen rotundum to the siphon of internal carotid artery using three-dimensional reconstruction technique, and to provide guidance for operation through pterygopalatine fossa.Methods: The skulls of 121 volunteers were scanned to get the final results with thin-section computed tomographic images. The position of the siphon of internal carotid artery (point A) and foramen rotundum (pointB) were ascertained. Three-dimensional reconstruction technique was used to build a coordinate system paralleled to the frankfort horizontal plane and the nasal septum plane. The coordinate system took point A as the coordinate origin.Point C and point D were the projections of point A in two planes parallel with frankfort horizontal plane and nasal septum plane which included point B.The distances of AC,AB, and BC were measured.The angles of the line went through A and B to the three planes were also measured. Results: The distance of AC was measured as 13.22 (3.79) mm (range,8.33-105.67 mm;95%CI:8.55-21.39 mm).The angle to the sagittal plane was measured as 33.54 (9.23)°(range,5.38-66.58°;95%CI:30.88-34.20°). The angle to the coronal plane was measured as 53.17 (10.48)° (range,5.60-75.02°;95%CI:51.29-55.06°).The angle to the horizontal plane was measured as 9.43(12.91)mm (range,-28.44-82.22; 95%CI:7.11-11.76).Conclusion: The safety distance from foramen rotundum to the siphon of internal carotid artery in the operation through pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) under nasoendoscope is obtained by thin-section computed tomographic images.

Objective: To investigate the application of photoplethysmogram in analyzing the fingertip pulse amplitude volume (PAV) to evaluate the endothelial function in diagnosing coronary heart disease, and to clarify its relationship with the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.Methods: Total 409 patients with chest pain accepted coronary angiography(CAG) were selected and diveded into positive group (CAG+) (n=288) and negative group (CAG-)(n=121) according to angiographic results.Fingertip photoplethysmogram was used to analyze the fingertip PAV by the way of applying endothelial function diagnostic after reactive ischemia, and the relationship between the PAV value and the risk factors of coronary heart diseases was analyzed, and the critical reference value of prediction index of coronary heart disease was determined.The risk factors such as age,gender, serum total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein(LDL),high density lipoprotein(HDL),non-HDL,serum triglyceride(TG),hypertension, diabetes, smoking, family history of coronary heart disease, body mass index (BMI) of the subjects in various groups were analyzed,and the relationship between the risk factors of coronary heart disease and PAV was analyzed by Logistic regression analysis.Results: The PAV of patients in CAG+group was significantly lower than that in CAG-group (P<0.01).The peak point of PAV was <1.37, if PAV <1.37 was used to predict the coronary heart disease,the predictive sensitivity,the specificity,the positive prediction and the negative prediction were 74.65%,44.63%,76.24%,and 42.52%.The Logistic regression analysis showed that PAV was negatively associated with hypertension, smoking history, TG(OR=1.476,OR=2.002,OR=1.844;P<0.01). Conclusion: PAV is associated with coronary heart disease and its risk factors(hypertension,smoking history,TG),and PAV=1.37 can be used as the peak point to predict the coronary heart disease.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of real-time three plane strain rate imaging of left atrial function in the patients with primary hypertension and coronary artery stenosis, and to evaluate its clinical application value. Methods: Total 82 patients with primary hypertension were selected and divided into primary hypertension group (EH group, n=42) and primary hypertension complicated with coronary artery stenosis group (EHCHD group, n=40).In addition, the physical examination people were selected as control group (n=42). All the subjects were examined by conventional echocardiography, and the left atrial function in real-time three plane strain rate imaging was analyzed. The parameters of conventional echocardiography and real-time three plane strain rate imaging were compared. Results: Compared with control group, the systolic left atrial mean peak strain rate (SRs),early diastolic left atrial mean peak strain rate (SRe) and SRe/SRa of the patients in EH group and EHCHD group were significantly decreased (P<0.05); the atrial systolic mean peak strain rate (SRa) and Time-SRa in EH group and EHCHD group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with EH group, SRs,SRe and SRe/SRa in EHCHD group were obviously decreased (P<0.05); SRa and Time-SRa were significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Real-time three plane strain rate imaging can easily and accurately analyze the left atrial function in the patients with essential hypertension and coronary artery stenosis, it is worth to popularize in clinical application.

Objective: To evaluate the hemodynamic situation of the patients with moyamoya disease using MR perfusion imaging, and to explore the relationship between compensatory collateral circulation and perfusion. Methods: Seventy-two hospitalized patients with moyamoya disease were selected as typical moyamoya disease group, including 37 males and 35 females, aged 10-62 years old, all patients underwent cerebral angiography (DSA) and MR perfusion imaging. And 20 patients with out neurological history were used as control group. With mean transit time (MTT) image as a standard, the abnormal perfusion ranges were classified as region of interest (ROI),and the corresponding perfusion parameter values, including cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), MTT and time to peak (TTP) were recorded,respectively. The cerebellum was used as a reference in this study, the perfusion parameters were standardized, and the relative ratios of the perfusion parameters(rMTT,rTTP,rCBF,rCBV) were obtained. Results:Compared with control group,the rMTT and rTTP of the patients in typical moyamoya disease group were prolonged and the rCBF was reduced (P<0.05 or P<0.01), but the rCBV had no obvious difference(P>0.05). ② Compared with the contralateral side, the rMTT and rTTP of the suffered side were prolonged,and the rCBF and rCBV were reduced (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with chronic onset group,the rCBV and rCBF of the patients in acute onset group were reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but the rMTT and rTTP had no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in all parameters between hemorrhagic moyamoya disease group and ischemia group(P>0.05). Conclusion: MR perfusion imaging can accurately evaluate the hemodynamic condition of moyamoya disease; MTT and TTP hve higher sensitivities than CBF and CBV. MR perfusion imaging can evaluate the compensation of collateral circulation of moyamoya disease and provide the objective basis for the clinician to select the proper surgical timing and the best operation methods.