Objective:To investigate the induction effect of NPPB,a chloride channel blocker,on the apoptosis of human glioma SHG-44 cells,and to explore its mechanism. Methods: The SHG-44 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into control group and NPPB groups (50,100,200 μmol·L^-1). The cell viability was detected by MTT assay. The apoptotic rates were detected by flow cytometry. The expression levels of Bax,Bcl-2 and caspase-3 were detected by immunohistochemical analysis and Western blottingmethod. Results: Compared with control group,the cell viabilities of SHG-44 cells in 100 and 200 μmol·L^-1 NPPB groups after treated for 24 and 48 h were decreased significantly(P < 0.01). The results of flow cytometry showed that the apoptotic rates of SHG-44 cells in 100 and 200 μmol·L^-1 NPPB groups were 24.64% and 41.85%,and they were higher than that in control group(4.17%)(P < 0. 01).The immunohistochemical analysis and Western blotting results showed that the expression levels of caspase-3 and Bax proteins in SHG-44 cells in 100 μmol·L^-1 NPPB group were increased(P < 0.05 or P < 0. 01),and the expression level of Bcl-2 protein was decreased(P < 0.05). Conclusion:NPPB could induce the apoptosis of human glioma SHG-44 cellsby the down-regulation of the expression of Bcl-2 and the up-regulation of the expression of Bax,and the activation of caspase-3.

Objective: To design the small ubiquitin modification-fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (SUMO-FGFR4) fusion gene and construct the expression vector pET22b-SUMO-FGFR4,to optimize the expression conditions. Methods: The SUMO-FGFR4 fusion gene was obtained by Overlap PCR and was connected to pET22b;the recombinant expression vector pET22b-SUMO-FGFR4 was obtained. The influence of lactose concentration,induction time,induction temperature,induction point and adding mode of lactose in the expression levels was observed,and the best induction condition was determined;then the solubility of recombinant protein was analyzed. Results: The SUMO-FGFR4 fusion protein was highly expressed, the molecular weight of the fusion protein was about 40 000 and it could bind with FGFR4 specific antibody. When the lactose concentration was 1.0 g·L^-1,the induction time was 3 h,the induction temperature was 37℃, the value of A(600) was 0.8,the expression level was highest;but adding mode of lactose had no remarkable effect on the protein expression. The expression level of recombinant protein induced by lactose was higher than IPTG. SUMO-FGFR4 protein existed in a form of inclusion body. Conclusion: The SUMO-FGFR4 fusion protein is expressed successfully in this study while lactose is used as inducer and the best expression conditions are confirmed.

Objective: To study the effect of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway on the openness degree of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in the aged model rats of myocardial ischemic preconditioning (IPC),and to clarify its possible mechanism. Methods: Thirty-five Wistar Wistar rats (aged 21-23 months) were randomly divided into ischemia reperfusion (I/R) group,I/R+Wort (Wortmannin,inhibitor of PI3K) group,IPC group and IPC+ Wort group(n=7). The models of I/R and IPC were established and 0.6 mg·kg^-1 Wort were injected to the caudal veins of the rats in Wort group before reperfusion. After 120 min reperfusion,the myocardium tissue protein was extracted,and the Akt and p-Akt protein expression levels were detected by Western blotting method. The myocardial mitochondrial of rats was separated through differential centrifugation,and the superoxide level,SOD level and openness degrees of mPTP were determined by microplate reader. Results: Compared with I/R group (0.288±0.071),the expression level of p-Akt protein in myocardium tissue of the rats in IPC group (0.346±0.051) was increased (P < 0.05),and the expression level of p-Akt im myocardium tissue of the rats in I/R+Wort group (0.044±0.010) was decreased (P < 0.01).Compared with I/R group (0.216±0.024),the superoxide level in mitochondrial of the rats in IPC group (0.187±0.022) was decreased (P < 0.05),and the superoxide level in mitochondrial in I/R+Wort group (0.218±0.029) had no significant change (P > 0.05). Compared with I/R group (1.15±0.15),the SOD activity in mitochondrial of the rats in IPC group (1.39±0.14) was increased (P < 0.05),and the SOD activity in mitochondrial of the rats in I/R+Wort group (1.17±0.21) had no significant change (P > 0.05). Compared with I/R group,the mPTP openness degree in IPC group was decreased (P < 0.05)during 6 to 2 min,however the openness degree in I/R+Wort group had no significant change (P > 0.05). Compared with IPC group, the mPTP openness degree in IPC+Wort group was increased (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The IPC of aged rats can inhibit the openness of mitochondrial permeability transition pore through activating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

Objective: To observe the effects of follistatin(FST) on the skeletal muscle wasting of cancer cachexia mice and the expressions of Mstn,LncRNA-MALAT1 and Caspase-3,and to elucidate its associated molecular mechanisms. Methods: Thirty-two BALB/c mices were randomly assigned into:healthy control (HC) group,FST prevention (FP) group,FST treatment (FT) group and cancer cachexia(CC) group.The murine colon adenocarcinoma CT26 cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the mices in FP,FT and CC groups to establish the cancer cachexia models.The body weight,spontaneous activity and tumor growth were daily monitored.The mice in FP and FT groups were administrated with FST intraperitoneally on day 6 and 12 after inoculation.The samples were collected on day 20. The tumor and gastrocnemius weights of the mice were detected.The biochemical metabolism indexes and myofiber cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius tissue were detected. The mRNA expression levels of Mstn,Caspase-3 and LncRNA-MALAT1 were examined by Real-time PCR. The protein expression levels of Mstn and Caspase-3 were measured by Western blotting method. Results: Compared with CC group,the body weights,spontaneous activities,gastrocnemius weights and myofiber cross-sectional areas were increased(P < 0.05); the serum levels of glucose,total protein and albumin of the mice in FP and FT groups were increased (P < 0.05). The protein and mRNA expression levels of Mstn and Caspase-3 in gastrocnemius of the mice in CC group were significantly higher and the expression level of LncRNA-MALAT1 was significantly lower than those in HC group(P < 0.05).The mRNA and protein expression levels of Mstn and Caspase-3 in FP and FT groups were reduced and the expression level of LncRNA-MALAT1 was increased compared with CC group(P < 0.05).The prevention effect in FP group is better than FT group(P < 0.05). Conclusion: FST may alleviate the muscle wasting of the mice with cancer cachexia by inhibiting the expression of Mstn,thus upregulating the expression of LncRNA-MALAT1 which in turn to suppress the expression of Caspase-3.

Objective: To explore the changes of number of CD4⁺CD25⁺foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells (Treg) and natural killer cells (NK) inthe peripheral immune organs and tumor tissue of the murine models of lung cancer,and to clarify their effects on the development of lung cancer. Methods: The C57BL/6 mice were divided into Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC) injection group and normal control group. The mice in LLC injection group were injected with LLC subcutaneously in the armpit to establish the tumor models,while the mice in normal control group were injected with the same amount of saline. The number of CD4⁺CD25⁺T cells,CD4⁺CD25⁺ foxp3⁺Tregs in the spleen,lymph nodes and lung cancer tissues,and the number of NK cells in the spleen tissue were labeled by cell surface or intracellular antibody staining,and detected by flow cytometry. Results: The ratios of CD4⁺CD25⁺T cells to CD4⁺T cells,foxp3⁺ cells to CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells,and the number of CD4⁺CD25⁺foxp3⁺ Treg in the spleen and lymph nodes of the mice in LLC injection group were increased significantly compared with normal control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Moreover,the ratios of CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells to CD4⁺ T cells and foxp3⁺ cells to CD4⁺CD25⁺T cells in the tumor tissue were significantly higher than those in the spleen and lymph nodes of the mice in LLC injection group. However,the ratio of NK cells in the spleen tissue of the mice in lung cancer group was significantly decreased compared with normal control group(P<0.05). Conclusion: The increase of ratio and the number of Treg cells and the decrease of ratio of NK cells in the main immune organs of lung cancer mice may promote the development of tumor and inhibit the immune response to cancer cells in vivo.

Objective: To observe the influence of inhaled anesthetic isoflurane in the neuronal protein damage and aggregation in the APP transgenic mouse hippocampus, and to investigate the intervention effect of trehalose. Methods: Sixty APP transgenic mice aged 12 months were divided into control group,isoflurane group (Iso group) and trehalose group (Tre group)(n=20). The rats in control group were not given any drugs and were put into the anesthetic box with continuonsly entering 2 L·min^-1 oxygen for 2 h;the rats in Iso group and Tre group were respectively injected intraperitoneally with 2 mL saline or trehalose (400 μg·kg^-1) 30 min before anesthesia,and then inhalated 1.4% isoflurane for 2 h. 6 h after anesthesia,the hippocampus tissue of the mice was prepared,and DCFH-DA fluorescence was applied to detect the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level;24 h after anesthesia,immunohistochemical method and Western blotting method were used to detect the contents of carbonyl compounds and nitrotyrosine and the Aβ_1-42 protein expression level in hippocampus;TEM was applied to observe the formation of protein aggregates;TUNEL staining was performed to observe the apoptotic rate of hippocampal neurons. Results: Compared with control group,the ROS level,the expression levels of oxidative protein carbonyl compounds and nitrotyrosine, the expression level of Aβ_1-42 protein,and the apoptotic rate of hippocampal neurons in Iso group were significantly increased (P< 0.05);compared with Iso group,the ROS level,the expression levels of oxidative protein carbonyl compounds and nitrotyrosine, the Aβ_1-42 protein expression level,and the apoptotic rate of hippocampal neurons in Tre group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Isoflurane can induce the protein damage and aggregation,the apoptotic rate of hippocampal neurons,aggravate oxidative stress reaction,increase the apoptotic rate of brain hippocampal neurons in the APP transgenic mice;trehalose can intervene the neurotoxicity induced by inhaled anesthetics.

Objective: To explore the effect of Angelica Sinensis Volatile Oil on the mi RNA expression profiling in myocardium tissue of the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), and to clarify the possible mechanism of Angelica Sinensis Volatile Oil. Methods: All the SHRs were divided into Angelica group,model group and captopril group,and other Wistar rats with the same age were selected as control group. The non-invasive systolic blood pressure was detected; after 4 weeks of administration,the changes of miRNA expression profiling in myocardium tissue were measured by Affymetrix miRNA 4.0 Array. KEGG analysis was used to identify the target genes. Results: Compared with control group,the systolic blood pressure of the rats in model group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) before treatment. 4 weeks after administration,compared with model group,the systolic blood pressure of the rats in Angelica group was significantly decreased(P < 0.05). Compared with model group,29 differential miRNAs of rats in Angelica group were found(P < 0.05),with 13 up-regulated miRNAs and 16 down-regulated miRNAs. The KEGG analysis results showed that miR-19a,let-7i, and miR-181c were related to insulin signaling pathways;let-7i,miR-181a,and miR-455 were related to VEGF signaling pathways; miR-122,miR-181a,miR-200b,miR-181c,let-7i,and miR-19a were related to apoptosis(P < 0.05). Conclusion: Angelica Sinensis Volatile Oil can decrease the blood pressure in SHRs and it can regulate the blood pressure by regulating the miRNA related to insulin signaling pathways and VEGF signaling pathways.

Objective: To investigate the effect of piggyBac transpon,as a carrier of four defined transcription factors Oct4,Sox2,Klf4 and c-Myc,in the reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts(MEFs) to induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs). Methods: The MEFs were isolated from Oct4-GFP fetal mice and transfected by piggyBac transposon with four factors(Oct4,Sox2,Klf4 and c-Myc). The morphological changes of clones were traced with microscope during the process of induction. The chromosomes were analyzed to evaluate the karyotypic variation of iPSCs. The mRNA expressions of Oct4,Nanog and FGF4 associated with embryonic stem cells(ESCs) in the iPSCs of mice were tested by RT-PCR;the protein expressions of SSEA-1,Nanog and Alkaline phosphatase in the iPSCs of mice were determined by flow cytometry,immunofluorescence and AP staining. The iPSCs were transplanted into the NOD-SCID mouse groin,4 weeks later,the teratomas were removed for HE staining and the differentiation of tissue was observed. Results: The iPSCs were successfully obtained from MEFs by piggyBac carrying Oct4,Sox2,Klf4, and c-Myc. The round or oval iPSCs clones were similar to ESCs with clear boundry and large dense nuleus. The iPSCs showed the normal karyotypic and expressed the marker genes (Oct4,Nanog and FGF4) and proteins (SSEA-1,Nanog and AP) of ESCs. Teratomas containing three germ layers were formed in NOD-SCID mice after tanspalantation of iPSCs. Conclusion: The iPSCs are reprogrammed from MEFs by piggyBac transposon with four transcription factors-Oct4,Sox2,Klf4 and c-Myc,and the iPSCs with normal karyotype possess the characteristics of ESCs.

Objective: To investigate the effect of MT01 on the differentiation of osteoblasts under infected condition through determining the expression level of collagen Ⅰ(ColⅠ) mRNA in MG63 cells treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg). Methods: The cultured MG63 cells were divided into blank control,MT01,Pg, and MT01+Pg groups.MT01 at a concentration of 1 mg·L^-1 was added into the MG63 cells,and the cells were incubated for 3 h.The cells treated with PBS (1 mg·L^-1) were used as control group.Then Pg(MOI=100∶1)was added.Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of ColⅠ mRNA in MG63 cells at 2,4,6,8,12 and 24 h after incubation. Results: Compared with blank control group,the levles of ColⅠ mRNA in the MG63 cells in MT01 and MT01+Pg groups had no significant changes at 2 and 4 h(P > 0.05);the ColⅠ mRNA expression levels in MT01 group at 8,12 and 24 h were increased(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).Compared with Pg group, the expression levels of ColⅠ mRNA in MT01+ Pg at 2 and 4 h were decreased,but the expression levels of ColⅠ mRNA were increased at 6,8,12 and 24 h(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Conclusion: MT01 can up-regulate the expression level of ColⅠ mRNA in the infected MG63 cells;MT01 could promot the differentiation of osteoblasts under infected condition.

Objective: To construct the rat models of orthotopic bladder cancer induced by N-methyl-nitrosourea(MNU),and to evaluate the value of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in the noninvasive diagnosis of the bladder cancer model. Methods: Sixty femail SD rats were divided into experiment group (n=45) and control group (n=15). The rats experiment group were induced with MNU (2 mg per rat) by intravesical administration every other week,for 4 times. Meantime,the rats in control group were treated with normal saline (0.2 mL per rat) by intravesical administration. At the end of the 14th week,all rats were examined by MRI and the pathological changes of bladder tissue were detected. Results: In experiment group,43 rats were alived and 2 rats were died at the end of the 14th week;the survial rate was 95.6% and the death rate was 4.4%;the abnormal signals were found in each of 43 rats by MRI which manifested as bladder tumor,and the same results were identified by pathology;the tumor formation rate was 100%. In control group,14 rats were alived and 1 rat was died at the end of the 14th week;the survival rate was 93.3%,and the death rate was 6.7%;there was no abnormal signal in the MRI examination and no bladder cancer in the pathological examination; the tumor formation rate was 0. The tumor formation rates of bladder cancer of the rats in two groups had significant difference (P < 0.05),and the death rate had no significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The method to establish the rat models of orthotopic bladder cancer induced by MNU is simple and reliable;the results of MRI are consistent with the pathological results and MRI examination is a reliable diagnostic method concerning this model.

Objective: To explore the lactate metabolism in brain tissue of the mice with early acute hypoxia-ischemia injury,and to provide data support for 9.4T ¹H-NMR spectroscopy in detecting the lactate level clinically. Methods: Eighty Kunming mice were randomly divided into sixteen groups (0 s,20 s,40 s,60 s,2 min,4 min,6 min,8 min,10 min,12 min,14 min,16 min,18 min, and 20 min) according to the duration of hypoxia-ischemia(n=5).The changes of lactate levels were detected by 9.4T ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. Results: After the initiation of hypoxia-ischemia injury,the lactate level began to increase rapidly to the highest value of (6.89±0.34) μmol·g^-1 at 20 s,then started to decline quickly from 40 s to 2 min,and eventually decreased to a stable level of (4.85±0.36) μmol·g^-1 until 6 min.Compared with control group,the levels of lactate in brain tissue of the mice in hypoxic-ischemic groups were increased(P < 0.01). Conclusion: 40 s of acute hypoxia-ischemia may be the lactate cerebral neuron threshold during the anaerobic glycolysis. 9.4T¹H-MRS can provide the exact time window for detecting the lactate metabolism.

Objective: To study the protective effect of the total flavones of buckwheat flowers and leaves (TFBFL) on the myocardial injury of the type 2 diabetic rats,and to clarify its mechanism. Methods: The diabetic rat models were established by intraperitoneally injecting streptozotocin (STZ) and taking high-fat diet. The model rats were divided into diabetic model (DM) group and TFBFL treatment (TFBFL) group,while normal control group was set up,10 rats per group. The rats in TFBFL group were administered with 200 mL·kg^-1·d^-1 TFBFL,while the rats in other two groups were given with normal water (10 mL·kg^-1·d^-1) instead. The rats in various groups was administered once a day for 8 weeks. The body weight (BW),heart weight index (HWI),level of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and cardiac function indexes(HR,LVSP,LVEDP and ±dp/dt_max)of the rats in various groups were measured. The myocardial tissue morphology of the rats in various groups was evaluated by electron microscope and the collagen levels in myocardium tissue of the rats in various groups were observed by Masson staining. The expression levels of TGF-β1 protein in myocardium tissue of the rats in various groups were detected by Western blotting method. Results: Compared with normal control group,the HWI,FBG and LVEDP levels of the rats in DM group were increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01),and the BW,HR,LVSP and ±dp/dt_max level in DM group were decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).Compared with DM group,the FBG and LVEDP level in TFBFL group were decreased (P < 0.01),and the HR,LVSP and ±dp/dt_max level in TFBFL group were increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01);but the BW and HWI level in TFBFL group had no significant difference compared with DM group (P > 0.05). The Masson staining results showed the morphology of myocardium tissue of the rats in TFBFL group was improved and the collagen level was decreased. The Western blotting results suggested that the TGF-β1 protein expression level in myocardium tissue of the rats in DM group was significantly increased compared with normal control group (P < 0.05),and the TGF-β1 protein expression level of the rats in TFBFL group was decreased compared with DM group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: TFBFL exerts a certain protective effect on the myocardial fibrosis of diabetic rats through inhibiting the TGF-β1 expression in myocardium tissue.

Objective: To investigate the expression of activin A in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the WKY rats and its influence in arterial blood pressure,and to clarify the mechanism of activin A in the regulation of arterial blood pressure by PVN. Methods: The WKY rats were selected. The expressions of activin A,ActRⅡA,ActRⅡB,and Smads mRNA in PVN of the WKY rats were measured by RT-PCR. The expression of ActRⅡA protein in PVN was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The microinjection of exogenous activin A into PVN was used to observe the changes of arterial blood pressure. The primary cultured PVN neurons from the WKY rats were divided into control group and activin A group. The mRNA expression levels of ActRⅡA,ActRⅡB, and Smads in the PVN neurons were analyzed by RT-PCR. Results: Activin A,ActRⅡA,ActRⅡB,Smad2 and Smad3 mRNA were expressed in PVN of the WKY rats. The ActRⅡA protein expression in PVN was further confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. After microinjection of activin A or angiotensin Ⅱ (AgⅡ) into PVN,the mean arterial blood pressure was increased obviously compared with before treatment (P < 0.05). Moreover,compared with control group,the expression levels of ActRⅡA and Smad3 mRNA in primary cultured PVN neurons of the rats in vitro were significantly increased(P < 0.05). Conclusion: Activin A can regulate the arterial blood pressure in PVN in an autocrine or paracrine manner,which is related to ActRⅡA-Smad3 signal pathway.

Objective: To study the antidepressant effect of Baihe Zhimu decoction (BZD) and its influence in the key factors(CaM,CaMKⅡ,CREB) of CaM signaling pathway in hippocampus of the rats with depression,and to explore the antidepressant effect of BZD. Methods: Fifty rats were divided into control group,model group,fluoxetine group,low and high doses of BDZ groups (n=10).Expect for control group,all the rats in other groups were made depression models by means of chronic unpredictable mild stress along with isolated raising,for 21 d. Then the rats were fed with NS,fluoxetine(1.8 mg·kg^-1),and BZD(1.5 and 3.0 g·kg^-1),respectively;for 28 d.The learning and memory ability,autonomous activities and the fixed time in 5 min of the rats were tested by Morris water amaze,Open-field Test and Forced Swimming Test respectively. The damage and repair status of hippocampal neurons were observed by Nissl staining method;the expression levels of CaM,CaMKⅡ protein,CREB mRNA in hippocampus of the rats were detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR method. Results: Compared with model group,the total time of rats in the platform quadrant of Morris water maze in BZD groups and fluoxetine group,the total distance and the number of crossing platform were increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01),and the time of first crossing platform were shortened(P < 0.01);the total scores in open field test were increased (P < 0.01),the fixed time with 5 min in the forced swimming test was shortened (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).Compared with fluoxetine group,the fixed time within 5 min of the rats in swimming test was shortened(P < 0.05).The result of Nissl staining showed that the hippocampal neuron injury in BZD groups and fluoxetine group was improved compared with model group.The molecular test results showed that the CaM and CaMKⅡ protein expression levels in hippocampus of the rats in BZD groups and fluoxetine group were increased compared with model group(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).Compared with model group,the CREB mRNA expression levels in fluoxetime group and BZD groups were increased(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Conclusion: BZD has antidepressant effect and can improve the hippocampal neuron injury of the rats with depression and its mechanism is related to increasing the expression levels of CaM,CaMKⅡ and CREB in hippocampus CAM signaling pathway of the rats.

Objective: To study the inhibitory effect of deoxyschizandrin on the growth of brain glioma C6 cells,and to explore its mechanism. Methods: The rat glioma C6 cells were cultured and divided into control group,50,100,and 200 mg·L^-1 deoxyschizandrin groups. The proliferation rates of C6 cells were examined by MTT assay;the changes of cell cycles were examined by flow cytometry;the expression levels of CyclinD1,Bax,Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 proteins in supernant were detected by ELISA assay. Results: Compared with control group,the proliferation rates at 24 and 48 h in 50,100, and 200 mg·L^-1 deoxyschizandrin groups were significantly decreased(P < 0.01),and the proliferation rates at 72 h in 100 and 200 mg·L^-1 deoxyschizandrin groups were significantly decreased(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).Compared with control group,the percentage of cells at SubG₁ phase in 200 mg·L^-1 deoxyschizandrin group was increased (P < 0.05),and the percentage of cells at S phase was decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with control group,the expression levels of CyclinD1 in 100 and 200 mg·L^-1deoxyschizandrin groups were decreased (P < 0.01 );the expression levels of Bax protein in deoxyschizandrin groups were increased(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01),and the expression level of Bcl-2 protein in 200 mg·L^-1 deoxyschizandrin group was decreased(P < 0.01),and the Bax/Bcl-2 value in deoxyschizandrin groups were increased(P < 0.01 );the expression level of Caspase-3 protein in 200 mg·L^-1 deoxyschizandrin group was increased(P < 0.01). Conclusion: Deoxyschizandrin could inhibit the growth of glioma cells through down-regulating the expression levels of CyclinD1 protein and up-regulating the expression levels apoptotic factors Bax and Bcl-2.

Objective: To use autophagy inhibitors combined with radiation to treat the oral squamous cell carcinoma CAL -27 and KB cells,and to explore the influence of autophagy in the oral cancer radiation sensitivity and its mechanisms. Methods: The human oral squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 and KB cells were divided into control group,CQ group,3-MA group,IR group,CQ+IR group, and 3-MA+IR group. The survival rate was detected by MTT method and the autophagy of CAL-27 cells was observed by immunofluorescence method and laser scanning confocal microscope.The expression levels of LC3 and beclin-1 were detected by Western blotting method.The apoptotic rate was determined by flow cytometry with Annexin Ⅴ/PI doulde staining. Results: Compared with IR group,the survival rates in 3-MA+IR and CQ+IR groups were signifcantly decreased (P < 0.05).The autophagy levels of cells in IR group were significantly higher than those in control group,CQ group,3-MA group,CQ+IR group, and 3-MA+IR group(P < 0.05).The expression levels of LC3 and beclin-1 proteins in IR group were significantly higher than those in control group,CQ+IR group,and 3-MA+IR group(P < 0.05).The apoptotic rates in IR,3-MA+IR, and CQ+IR groups were markedly higher than those in control group.Compared with IR group,the apoptotic rates in CQ+IR and 3-MA+IR groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Radiotherapy can induce the increase of autophagy level of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Inhibiors of autophagy can increase the radio-sensitivity of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by inhibiting the proliferation and inducing the apoptosis.

Objective: To study the improvement effect of Sophora Flavones combined with captopril on the rat diabetic cardiomyopathy,and to clarify its mechanisms of improving the myocardial fibrosis. Methods: Fifteen rats were selected randomly from 100 male Wistar rats as normal group.The other rats were fed with high fat and high sugar food and intraperitoneally injected with small dose of streptozotocin (30 mg·kg^-1) all at once to establish type 2 diabetes mellitus cardiomgopathy models.Then 72 rat models with type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy were set up in which 60 rats were selected according to the blood glucose levels and divided into model group,captopril group,Sophora Flavones group, and Sophora Flavones combined with captopril group (combination group)(n=15).8 weeks after intragastric administration,the weights,the cardiac indexes,the activities of serum creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),and the contents of nitric oxide(NO),nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),collagen Ⅰ(Col Ⅰ) and collagen Ⅲ(Col Ⅲ) of the rats in various groups were detected. Results: Compared with normal group,the weight of the rats in model group was decreased and the cardiac index was increased(P < 0.01), the activities of serum LDH and CK-MB were increased(P < 0.01),the contents of iNOS and NO in the myocardium tissue of the rats in model group were decreased(P < 0.01),and the contents of Col Ⅰ and col Ⅲ were increased(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).Compared with model group,the weights and the cardiac indexes of the rats in medication groups were decreased(P < 0.05), the activities of serum LDH and CK-MB were decreased(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), the contents of iNOS and NO in the myocardium tissue were increased(P < 0.05),and the contents of Col Ⅰ and Col Ⅲ were decreased(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).The effect of combination group was better than single medication groups(P < 0.05). Conclusion: Combination of Sophora Flavones and captopril has a improvement effect on the rat type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy,and its mechanism may be related to reducing the myocardial injury to improve diabetic cardiomyopathy

Objective: To observe the effects of isobavachalcone (IBC) on the proliferation and apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca-8113 cells,and to explore their mechanisms. Methods: The Tca8113 cells cultured in vitro were divided into control group and different doses (0,10,20,40,80 μmol·L^-1) of IBC groups. The inhibitory rates of cell proliferation were detected by MTT method.The apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.Western blotting method was used to detect the expressions of Akt,p-Akt,Erk,p-Erk,Bax,Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 proteins in the Tca8113 cells in various groups. Results: The MTT results showed that the inhibitory rates of proliferation of Tca8113 cells were increased in a concentration- and time- dependent manner;the IC₅₀ at 12,24 and 48 h were (285.13±8.97),(132.40±7.76), and (58.56±5.93) μmol·L^-1, respectively;and there were significant differences between different time points (P < 0.05).The FCM results showed that the apoptotic rates of Tca8113 cells in 20 and 40 μmol·L^-1 IBC groups at 48 h were (8.21±2.32)% and (22.45±1.18)%, respectively;compared with control group (1.69%±0.65%),the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The Western blotting results showed that the expression levels of Bcl-2,p-Akt, and p-Erk, in 20 and 40 μmol·L^-1 IBC groups were decreased and the expression levels of Bax were increased compared with control group (P < 0.05);the expression levels of Akt and Erk had no significant changes(P > 0.05).The expression levels of Caspase-3 in Tca8113 cells in 40 μmol·L^-1 IBC group at 48 h were increased compared with control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: IBC could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of Tca8113 cells;Akt and Erk signaling pathway may be the pathway of IBC to induce the apoptosis of tumor cells.

Objective: To investigate the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the regulation of B[a]P-induced silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) activation in the human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B),and to clarify the relationship between EGFR/SIRT1 signal transduction pathway and the occurrence and development lung cancer. Methods: The prediction analysis of transcriptional factor binding sites of SIRT1 was performed by MOTIF Search^TM software. The primary cultivated BEAS-2B cells were divided into control group (without B[a]P exposure) and B[a]P groups (the cells were exposed to B[a]P for 6,12,24,48 h). RT-PCR and Western blotting method were carried out to detect the EGFR mRNA and protein expression levels. The BEAS-2B cells transfected with SIRT1 promotor luciferase reporter gene plasmid were treated with human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) and Genistein (tyrosine protein kinase inhibitor) for 24 h,the morphology of BEAS-2B cells was observed by inverted microscope,and luciferase reporter assay was used to test the SIRT1 transcriptional activity. The human lung tissue biopsies were acquired and the immunohistochemical analysis was used to determine the EGFR protein expression level. Results: The transcriptional factor binding sites of SIRT1 contained EGF, 2Fe-2S and vWF. Compared with control group,the expression levels of EGFR mRNA in B[a]P groups were increased in a time-dependent manner,and reached the peak at 12 h (P < 0.05);the EGFR protein expression levels were also increased (P < 0.05).The SIRT1 luciferase activity in hEGF group was increased compared with control group (P < 0.05);when hEGF and B[a]P worked together,the SIRT1 luciferase activity was increased even further (P < 0.001). The cells showed arrangement and morphologic changes gradually when the B[a]P concentration was above 30 μmol·L^-1. Genistein (30 μmol·L^-1) inhibited the increase of SIRT1 luciferase activity induced by B[a]P ,and there was significant difference compared with control group(P < 0.05).The immunohistochemistry results showed that EGFR expression level in lung cancer tissue was higher than that in normal lung tissue (P < 0.001). Conclusion: EGFR can regulate the B[a]P-induced SIRT1 expression in BEAS-2B cells,and to cause lung chronic inflammation; EGFR/SIRT1 signal transduction pathway may play a role in the occurrence and development of lung cancer.

Objective: To explore the effects of serum containing hemerocallis citrine baroni flavonids (HCBF) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatoma HepG2 cells,and to clarify their mechanisms. Methods: The HepG2 cells were divided into blank control group,low (900 mg·kg^-1),middle (1 800 mg·kg^-1) and high (2 700 mg·kg^-1) doses of serum containing HCBF groups. The inhibitory rates of growth of HepG2 cells were measured with MTT assay; inverted microscope was used to observe the morphologic changes; Annexin Ⅴ-PI double staining and flow cytometry were used to detect apoptotic rates of HepG2 cells;enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression levels of Bax,bcl-2, and Caspase-3. Results: Compared with blank control group,the inhibitory rates of growth of HepG2 cells in middle and high doses of HCBF groups were increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).The cells were shrank with irregular shape,and the nucleus was condensed and broken in HCBF group under inverted microscope.Compared with blank control group,the apoptotic rates of HepG2 cells in middle and high doses of HCBF groups were increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with blank control group,the expression levels of bcl-2 protein in middle and high doses of HCBF groups were decreased(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01),and the expression levels of Bax protein were significantly increased (P < 0.05 or P< 0.01),and the expression level of Caspase-3 protein in high dose of HCBF group was significantly increased(P < 0.05). Conclusion: The serum containing HCBF could induce the apoptosis of HepG2 cells,and its mechanism may be related to mitochondrial pathway.

Objective: To observe the protective effect of deproteinized extract of calf blood(DECB) on the ethanol-induced liver injury of the mice, and to preliminaryly discuss its mechanism. Methods: Sixty healthy ICR mice were divided into control group, model group, positive drug group,low,medium and high doses of DECB groups (n=10).By intragastric administration, the mice in control group were given 20 mL·kg^-1saline solution, the mice in low, medium and high doses of DECB groups were administrated with 0.125,0.250,0.500 g·kg ^-1 DECB, and the mice in positive drug group were administrated with 0.63 g·kg ^-1Hugan Tablets;once a day for 30 d. 1 h after the last administration, except control group,the mice in other groups were administrated with one-time grant of 50% ethanol 14 mL·kg ^-1, and fasted for 16h to establish the models of acute alcohol liver injury. The endurance alcohol time and drunk time of the mice were determined,the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) and alanine transaminase (AST) activity in serum of the mice were detected, the levels of triglyceride (TG), glutathione (GSH) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue were determined,and the pathological changes of liver tissue were detected. Results: Compared with model group, the drunk symptoms of the mice in different doses of DECB groups were obviously reduced, the endurance time of the mice in high dose of DECB group and positive drug group was prolonged (P < 0.05), and the drinking time was shortened (P < 0.05);the ALT and AST activities in serum in mediun and high doses of DECB groups were significantly lower than those in model group (P < 0.05).Compared with model group, the MDA and TG levels in liver tissue of the mice in medium and high doses of DECB groups and positive drug group were obviously reduced, and the GSH levels were increased(P < 0.05);compared with model group, the pathological damages of liver tissue of the mice in high dose of DECB group caused by ethanol were significantly reduced. Conclusion: DECB can improve ethanol-induced liver injury which may be related to the inhibition of hepatic oxidative stress response.

Objective: To collect the imaging data and related materials of the patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR) after coronary artery stent operation with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), and to analyze the risk factors of ISR,and to propose the reasonable intervention strategies. Methods: Fifty patients with ISR were divided into ISR ≤ 50% drug group (n=14 ) and ISR >50% drug group(n=36),including drug-coated balloon therapy group (n=16) and stent treatment group (n=20); IVUS virtual organization technology was used to compare the plaque area, location, tissue composition, thrombus and other factors of the patients in various groups after treatment; the data changes after 6 months of follow-up were analyzed. Results: The IVUS results showed the plaque areas and plaque loads of the ISR patients treated with intervention were significantly reduced compared with before operation(P < 0.05);the plaque compression degree of the patients in drug-coated balloon therapy group was lower than that in stent treatment group(P < 0.05), but the differences were not found between drug-coated balloon therapy group and stent treatment group in fibrous tissue components and calcified tissue proportion(P > 0.05). Conclusion: The ISR rate is higher in the patients with high degree of fiber components, plaque composition heterogeneity and distribution of diffuse tortuous and calcified lesions. ISR has no significant correlation with the plaque wall thickness and lipid content and plaque instability and necrotic tissue proportion.

Objective: To investigate the expression of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) in the gastric cancer tissue,and to explore the relationship between the PRMT5 expression and the occurrence and the clinicopathologic characteristics of gastric cancer, and to find a new treatment target for gastric cancer. Methods: Forty-three cases of gastric cancer tissue and 15 cases of adjacent normal gastric tissue were used as gastric cancer group and control group, respectively. The immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of PRMT5 in the specimens. Results: Compared with control group (13.3%), the expression rate of PRMT5 in gastric cancer group(72.1%) was significantly increased (P < 0.05). In control group, there was some weak positive expression of PRMT5, the expressions were weak or moderate, the tan particles mainly located in the cytoplasm, less in the nuclei.In high differentiation gastric cancer specimens, the tan particles mainly located in the cytoplasm and more in nuclei, characterized by medium or strong expressions.In poorly differentiated and undifferentiated gastric cancer specimens, the tan particles mainly located in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and strongly expressed in nucleus. The higher expression of PRMT5 was associated with the size of tumor diameter, degree of differentition,depth of invasion, degree of lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), but had no correlation with the gender and age of patients(P > 0.05). Conclusion: High expression of PRMT5 may play an important role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.

Objective: To approach the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine combined with risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia, and to provide basis for their application in clinic. Methods: The Cochrane, Pubmed, EMBase, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases were used to retrieve the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and CCTs about traditional Chinese medicine combined with risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia by computer;and manual retrieval was performed at the same time.The literatures met the standard were collected.The qualities of all the included studies were assessed by Cochrane Handbook and Meta-analysis was performed by use of the RevMan 5.2 software. Results: Fifteen trials and 1 314 patients were included in this review. The qualities of 11 studies were grade C.The Meta-analysis results showed that the clinical effective rate in traditional Chinese medicine combined with risperidone treatment group was higher than that in control group, the difference between two groups was statistically significant (OR=2.11, 95%CI:1.59-2.81, P < 0.01).The incidence of adverse drug reactions (insomnia, extrapyramidal symptoms, akathisia) in traditional Chinese medicine combined with risperidone treatment group was lower than that in alone risperidone group, and there were significant differences between two groups (OR=0.25,95%CI:0.17-0.36, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Traditional Chinese medicine combined with risperidone is superior to simple application of risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia, and they can reduce the occurrence of adverse effects of medicine.

Objective: To investigate the expressions of Smad2 and Smad4 in breast carcinoma tissue, and to analyze their relationships with oncogenesis and development of breast carcinoma and significances. Methods: Fifty-three samples of breast ductal carcinoma tissue and 50 samples of surrounding normal tissue were selected. The expression levels of Smad2 and Smad4 in cancer tissue and surrounding normal tissue were detected with immunohistochemical S-P method, and the relationships between the expression levels of Smad2 and Smad4 and the clinicopathologic parameters of breast carcinoma were evaluated. Results: The expression level of Smad2 protein in the breast carcinoma tissue was significantly higher than that in the surrounding normal tissue(z=-2.08, P < 0.05);the expression level of Smad4 protein in breast carcinoma tissue was lower than that in the surrounding normal tissue(z=-5.01, P < 0.01). In breast carcinoma tissue, the Smad2 and Smad4 expressions were not significantly correlated with age(r=0.035, P > 0.05;r=-0.077, P > 0.05), tumor size(r= 0.128, P > 0.05;r=0.133, P > 0.05), lymph node invasion(r=0.163, P > 0.05;r=0.006 P > 0.05),distant metastasis(r=0.113, P > 0.05;r=0.126, P > 0.05), ER expression(r=0.056,P > 0.05;r=0.047, P > 0.05)and PR expression(r=0.129, P > 0.05;r=0.107, P > 0.05). However, the expression levels of Smad2 and Smad4 were negatively correlated with the expression of HER2 (r=-0.388, P < 0.01;r=-0.360, P < 0.01)and pathological grade(r=-0.331, P < 0.05;r=-0.388, P < 0.01).The expression of Smad2 was positively correlated to the expression of Smad4 in breast carcinoma (r=-0.83, P < 0.01). Conclusion: The expressions of Smad2 and Smad4 may play an important role in the development of breast carcinoma, and they may be used as the potential biological markers for evaluating the degree of malignancy and prognosis of breast carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate the security of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide(rhBNP) in the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure(ADHF),and to provide the basis for its application. Methods: Both foreign language databases including PubMed, The Cochrane Library(Issue 1,2015), EMBase and Chinese databases involving CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Data were searched. Two reviewers independently extracted the data, and assessed the quality;then the Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.1 software and Stata 12.0 software. Results: A total of 35 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 12 143 patients were included. The results of Meta-analysis showed that compared with control group the 1-month mortality(RR=1.01,95%CI:0.85-1.21,P=0.88), 3-month mortality(RR=0.89,95%CI:0.63-1.27,P=0.53)and 6-month mortality(RR=0.97,95%CI:0.87-1.08,P=0.59) in rhBNP group had no statistical differences; no statistical difference was found in the incidence of side effects(RR=1.01,95%CI:0.71-1.43,P=0.97).The incidence of hypotension in rhBNP group was significantly higher than that in control group(RR=1.42,95%CI:0.99-2.03,P=0.06).Conclusion: Compared with dobutamine, vasodilator drugs and placebo, rhBNP doesn't change the mortality and incidence of adverse reactions of the patients with ADHF, but increases the risk of hypotension. Clinical application of rhBNP should be reasonable and its effectiveness should be exerted sufficiently, meanwhile, as much as possible to avoid hypotension, etc.

Objective: To study the influence of ipratropium bromide combined with N-acety-L-cysteine(NAC) in the serum MMP -9 and TGF-β levels of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) in stable phase, and to discuss the role in airway remodeling of the COPD patients. Methods: Eighty patients with COPD in stable phase were randomly divided into NAC group (n=27), ipratropium bromide group(n=27), and combination group (n=26).26 cases of healthy volunteers were selected as control group. The clinical symptom and physical sign scores and the lung function indexes(FVC,FEV₁,FEV₁%,and FEV₁/FVC) were monitored and the serum TGF-β and MMP-9 levels of the patients in various groups were detected before and after treatment.The relationships between the value of FEV₁ and the serum TGF-β and MMP-9 were analyzed with Spearman analysis. Results: Compared with before treatment,the symptom and physical sign scores of the patients in various treatment groups after treatment were significantly decreased(P < 0.05);compared with NAC group and ipratropium bromide group,the symptom and physical sign scores of the patients in combination group after treatment were significantly decreased(P < 0.05).Compared with before treatment, the lung function indexes of the patients in various treatment groups after treatment were improved(P < 0.05);compared with NAC group and ipratropium bromide group,the lung function indexes of the patients in combination group after treatment were significantly improved(P < 0.05).Compared with control group,the serum TGF-β and MMP-9 levels of the patients in various treatment groups before and after treatment were significantly decreased(P < 0.05);compared with NAC group and ipratropium bromide group,the serum TGF-β and MMP-9 levels of the patients in combintion group were significantly decreased(P < 0.05).The FEV₁ values of the patients in combination group had negative correlations with the serum TGF-β and MMP-9 levels before and after treatment (before:r=-0.554,-0.477,P < 0.05;after:r=-0.415,-0.654,P < 0.05). Conclusion: Ipratropium bromide combined with NAC can significantly improve the clinical symptoms, signs and lung function,and decrease the serum MMP-9 and TGF-β levels. Therefore, it can inhibit the airway remodeling in the treatment of the COPD patients in stable phase.

Objective: To explore the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its relationgship with the prognosis of breast cancer, and to provide evidence-based basis for the using of mTOR inhibitor in the treatment of breast cancer. Methods: A systemical literature search was conducted based on the following databases: PubMed, EMBbase, Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, and CNKI up to November 24, 2015. The outcome measures were hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval(CI)for the association between the mTOR expression and the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. The primary end points including disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). STATA 12.0 was used to conduct the statistical analysis. Results: A total of seven cohort studies, 1 758 patients were included. The risk of recurrence and metastasis of the breast cancer patients with positive expression of mTOR was 2.05 times of the patients with negative expression of mTOR(HR=2.05,95%CI:1.01-4.13,P=0.003);the risk of death in the breast cancer patients with positive expression of mTOR was 2.63 times of the patients with negative expression of mTOR(HR=2.63,95%CI:1.45-4.80,P=0.736). Conclusion: The positive expression of mTOR can significantly increase the recurrence, metastasis and death risk of the patients with breast cancer.

Objective: To treat the chronic non-atrophic gastritis patients induced by Helicobacter pylori with Qingweizhitong Weiwan combined with standard triple therapy,and to detect the differential expression of related immflammation genes with PCR array, and to clarify its mechanism. Methods: Ten patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis complicated with Helicobacter pylori infection were used as treatment group and 10 health people were used as health control group. The patients in treatment group were treated with Qingweizhitong Weiwan combined with standard triple therapy for 14 d. The blood samples of the subjects in treatment group and health control group were collected before and after treatment, and QIAGEN human antibacterial response PCR array was performed to test the total RNA inperipheral blood and to analyze the differential expressions of 84 inflammation-related genes. Results: The differential expressions of 20 inflammation-related genes were found. Compared with health control group, the expression levels of 20 genes in treatment group before treatment were up-regulated (Fold-change>2);after treatment, the expression levels of 20 genes were down-regulated, and 11 of them were similar to the level in health control group (Fold-change < 2). More specifically, part of 20 genes was related to NLRP3 inflammasome. Compared with health control group, the gene expression levels of CASP1, IL1B, NLRP3, and PYCARD in treatment group before treatment were up-regulated (P < 0.05).Compared with before treatment, the expression levels of CASP1, IL1B, NLRP3, and PYCARD in treatment group after treatment were down-regulated (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The mechanism of Qingweizhitong Weiwan combined with standard triple therapy in the treatment of chronic non-atrophic gastritis patients induced by Helicobacter pylori may be related to inhibiting the expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes and interfering the antimicrobial innate immune response.

Objective: To observe the influence of sevoflurane pretreatment in the lung function of the infants during heart operation by cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB),and to explore its lung protection and possible mechanism. Methods: Sixty infants with ventricular septal defect were enrolled at age less than 1 year old and randomly assignedto pretreatment group and control group (n=30). After the induction of general anesthesia and tracheal intubation, the patients in pretreatment group received continuous inhalation of 1.0 MAC sevoflurane until the beginning of CPB. Inhale sevoflurane was absent in control group. The duration of ventilator support of the infants in two groups was recorded.The Pplate, CL, OI, A-aDO₂, RI, the number of leukocytes and neutrophils segregated in lung of the patients were compared between two groups at the four time points T0(before aorta clamping),T1(30 min after aorta declamping),T2, and T3 (2 h and 6 h after CPB). Results: Compared with control group,the duration of ventilator support of the infants in pretreatment group was obviously shortened(P < 0.05).In each group, the CL and OI were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01),while the Pplate, A-aDO₂,RI,the number of leukocyte and neutrophils segregated in lung were significantly increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) at T1,T2,T3 time points compared with T0 time point.The CL and OI in pretreatment group were significantly increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01);the Pplate, A-aDO2,RI,the number of leukocytes and neutrophils segregated in lung in pretreatment group were significantly decreased at T1,T2, and T3 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) compared with control group. Conclusion:Sevoflurane pretreatment might play a role in decreasing the leukocyte adhesion and protecting the lung function in the infants during opening heart operation by CPB.

Objective: To study the effects of expansion of ropivacaine hydrochloride liquid on the postoperative analgesia, sedation, hemodynamic effects and adverse drug reactions of the patients underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy,and to explore its clinical effectiveness and safety. Methods: Forty patients who were to undergo endoscopic thyroidectomy via chest-breast approach were randomly assigned to saline solution group and expansion liquid of ropivacine hydrochloride group (ropivacaine group,n=20).The mean arterial pressure( MAP ) and heart rate( HR) were also evaluated at the following time points: preoperative evaluation(T₀), before local anesthetic infiltration(T₁), at the end of the operation(T₂); the blood loss, the operation time, the postoperative drainage, and the hospital duration of the patients in two groups were recorded;the nausea and vomiting, the respiratory depression,the toxicity response,the infection,and the recurrent laryngeal nerve injury during 24 h after operation were recorded. The postoperative pain scores were assessed at extubaltion(T₃),30 min(T₄),2 h(T₅),6 h(T₆),12 h (T₇) and 24 h (T₈) after extubation using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The postoperative Ramsay scores were assessed at T₃ and T₄. Results: There were no significant differences in MAP and HR at T₀ and T₁ of the patients between two groups(P > 0.05). Compared with saline solution group, the MAP and HR at T₂ and T₃ of the patients in ropivacaine group were significantly decreased(P < 0.05).There were significant differences in the blood loss, the operation time,the postoperative drainage, and the hospital duration of the patients between two groups(P < 0.05).The number of patients required postoperative analgesia and the number patients with nausea and vomiting in ropivacaine group were decreased compared with saline solution group(P < 0.05). Compared with saline group, the VAS scores at T₃, T₄, T₅, T₆, T₇ and T₈ of the patients in ropivacaine group were significantly decreased(P < 0.05); the Ramsay scores at T₃ and T₄ of the patients in ropivacaine group were also decreased significantly(P < 0.05). Conclusion: Expansion liquid of ropivacaine hydrochloride can reduce the stress response during endoscopic thyroidectomy effectively and reduce the postoperative pain and injury induced by operation.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical therapeutic efficacy and safety of red-blue light irradiation combined with Xihuang Capsules in the treatment of moderate to severe acne vulgaris. Methods: Eighty patients with moderate to severe acne vulgaris were randomly divided into Xihuang Capsules group (control group) and red-blue light irradiation combined with Xihuang Capsules group(observation group). The patients in observation group were treated with red-blue light irradiation (20 min biw,4 weeks)combined with Xihuang Capsules (1.5 g bid,4 weeks), while the patients in control group took only Xihuang Capsules orally (1.5 g bid, 4 weeks), The changes of skin lesions and adverse reactions were observed and the curative efficacies were compared at 2 or 4 weeks after treatment. Results: After 2- week- treatment, the total effective rate in observation group was 67.5% while the total effective rate in control group was 52.5%,there was no statistically significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). The regression number of inflammatory and non-inflammatory skin lesions in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). After 4- week- treatment, the total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group (85.0% vs 65.0% ),and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05);the regression number of inflammatory and non-inflammatory skin lesions in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05).During the treatment, there were no severe adverse reactions in two groups. Mild headache and nausea occurred in observation group after red-blue light irradiation, but the above symptoms disappeared after reducing the irradiation dose. Conclusion: Red-blue light irradiation combined with Xihuang Capsules in the treatment of moderate to severe acne is proved to be a significantly effective and safe method,and it is worth to be promoted in clinic.

Objective: To discuss the postoperative analgesia efficacy of multimodal analgesia of ropivacaine combined with dezocine,and to illuminate the feasibility of multimodal analgesia in the children undergoing cheiloplasty. Methods: In the randomized,controlled and double blind study,sixty children scheduled for cheiloplasty were randomly divided into ropivacaine group, dezocine group and multimodal analgesia group(n=20). The children in ropivacaine group and multimodal analgesia group were treated with infraobital nerve blockade(1.5 mL 0.25% ropivacaine) before skin incision. The children in dezocine group received the same volume of normal saline. The patients in dezocine group and the multimodal analgesia group received dezocine(0.15 mg·kg^-1)20 min before the end of operation,and the children in ropivacaine group received the same volume of normal saline. The children's ages and weights,duration of anesthesia and operation,reviving and extubation time,agitation score and incidence,laryngospasm or bronchospasm,CRIES scores at 2,4,6,8,12,and 24 h after operation and adverse reactions were all recorded. Results: There were no significant differences in the age,weight,the duration of anesthesia and operation of the children between three groups (P > 0.05). Compared with ropivacaine group,the reviving and extubation time of the children in dezocine group and multimodal analgesia group were increased (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the scores and the incidence of agitation between three groups (P > 0.05).There were no laryngospasm or bronchospasm occured in all groups. The CRIES score at 2 h after operation of the children in multimodal analgesia group was the lowest and there were significant differences compared with other two groups (P < 0.05). The CRIES score at 4 h after operation of dezocine group was increased compared with 2 h after operation and was higher than other two groups (P < 0.05). The CRIES score at 6 h after operation of the children in multimodal analgesia group was yet the lowest,and there were significant differences compared with other two groups (P < 0.05). The CRIES score at 6 h after operation of the children in ropivacaine group was also increased,but there was no significant difference compared with dezocine group (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the CRIES scores at 8,12,and 24 h after operation between three groups(P > 0.05). Compared with other two groups,the incidence of tachycardia and the cases using analgesic in multimodal analgesia group were the lowest,and there were significant differences compared with other two groups (P < 0.05). There was no respiratory inhibition in all groups. Conclusion: The multimodal analgesia of ropivacaine combined with dezocine can effectively prolong the postoperative analgesia duration and reduce adverse reactions,and it can be safely used in the postoperative analgesia in the children undergoing cheiloplasty.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (IHES)with gastrointestinal manifestations,and to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of IHES. Methods: The clinical materials, process of diagnosis and treatment and prognosis of 9 patients diagnosed as IHES with gastrointestinal manifestations were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The average age of 9 patients was (22.66±12.86) years old,and the ratio of male and female was about 1.25∶1. The main clinical manifestations included abdominal pain,diarrhea and abdominal distension.The eosinophil percentages in peripheral blood and bone marrow of the patients were (42.66±19.88)% and (39.33 + 15.99)%,respectively.The ascites exudate cytology examination showed eosinophil infiltrated.The results of gastroscope or colonoscope showed mucosal hyperemia and edema, scattered bleeding spots, and dark red granular hyperplasia;the colon was affected frecuently.The histological biopsy confirmed that the mucosal was infiltrated by eosinophils.The abdominal CT of 6 patients showed that the walls of stomach or bowel were thickened. The abdominal symptoms disappeared,and the ascites was absorpted in 9 patients after the treatment of glucocorticoid.After 2 years of follow up,2 patients had relapse, others had no recurrence. Conclusion: Performing the routine diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, the clinicians should consider the possibility of IHES in order to avoid the misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. When IHES is diagnosed, steroid treatment should be performed in preference.

Objective: To analyze the diagnosis and treatment of 1 case of primary bone marrow diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and to provide the reference for its dignosis and treatment. Methods: Combined the medical history and other auxiliary examination results, the possibility of diagnosis of primary bone marrow lymphoma(PBML) was suspected. Bone marrow biopsy and immunohistochemistry were carried out for diagnosis, and R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) was selected as the chemotherapy scheme. Results: The diagnostic basis of the case was in accordance with the diagnostic standard of PBML. According to the results of immunohistochemical staining, it was classified as the DLBCL subtype. Then the patient received 6 cycles of R-CHOP immune chemotherapy. Complete remission of bone marrow cell morphology was gained after the first cycle of R-CHOP treatment, and the patient was treated for another five cycles and the complete remission was retained in 3 months of follow up after drug withdrawal. Conclusion: Bone marrow biospy and immunohistochemistry have the unique diagnostic values for primary bone marrow DLBCL, and the regimens containing rituximab may provide a ideal efficacy during short term observation.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of syphilis infection and influence factors of syphilis infection among the male STD attendants in Songyuan City of Jilin Province,and to provide theoretical basis for the development and implementation of syphilis intervention policy. Methods: A questionnaire survey and serological tests were conducted among the men who went to STD clinic for treatment in the ZhanDong Dermatology Specialist Hospital or Qianguo County Hospital in Songyuan City from 2011 to 2015. Chi-square test was performed to compare the prevalences of syphilis infection between different groups. Multivariable Logistic regression model was used to find the independent factors of syphilis infection among the male STD attendants. Results: Of all 2 000 male STD attendants who involved in the study, the mean age was (34.50±9.03) years old.218 persons(10.90%) of them had sexual behavior with female sex workers in the last three months, 433 persons(21.65%) of them had temporary sexual behavior in the last three months, 42 persons(2.10%) of them had homosexual behavior in the last three months.Of the respondents, 238 persons(11.90%) had a previous diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases, 86 persons of them had gonorrhea (36.13%), 43 persons had syphilis (18.07%), 15 persons had genital tract Chlamydia (6.30%), 55 persons had genital herpes (23.11%), 40 persons had genital herpes (16.81%), and 1 person had combined infection of gonorrhea and syphilis. The prevalence of syphilis of 2 000 male STD attendants was 6.4%. From 2011 to 2015, there was a decrease in the prevalences of syphilis (χ²=44.25, P < 0.001). In the last 3 months,the risk of the male STD attendants who had commercial sex with prostitute, temporary sex behavior, homosexual behavior and a history of STD infection to be infected with syphilis in the past were 3.75 times (OR=3.75, 95%CI: 2.46-5.71), 2.31 times (OR=2.31, 95% CI:1.56-3.41), 2.97 times (OR=2.97, 95%CI: 1.33-6.64) and 1.69 times (OR=1.69, 95%CI:1.07-2.67) than those who did not have those behaviors, respectively. Conclusion: There is a significantly decreasing tendency in the prevalence of syphilis among the male STD attendants in Songyuan City in the past 5 years. The high risk sexual behaviors are the main influence factors of syphilis infection among them.

Objective: To investigate the infection status and influencing factors of hepatitis E virus infection among different occupational populations in Xinjiang region, and to provide a available evidence for control of hepatitis E. Methods: A randomly sampling survey was carried out in the population of public health practitioners, the serum IgG antibodies against hepatitis E virus in 1 720 samples were tested by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the experimental data was analyzed with SPSS 19.0 software;the differences of infection rates between genders, ages and occupations were analyzed. Results: Among 1 720 subjects,440 persons were anti-HEV IgG positive,and the total positive rate was 25.58%; the positive rate of males (27.99%) was higher than that of females (23.35%), and the IgG positive rate was increased along with the age;there were significant differences of the anti-HEV-IgG antibody positive rates between the populations with different ages(χ²=118.262,P=0.000).There was a statistically significant difference of infection rate of hepatitis E between different occupational populations(χ²=98.262,P=0.000), the slaughterman had the highest positive rate (81.53%), followed by the livestock and meat salesperson (79.37%), food service population (30%), supermarket population (11.21%) and others (9.03%). Conclusion: The hepatitis E infection rate is high among the public health practitioners in Xinjiang region, and occupation, age and gender are the major influencing factors of hepatitis E infection rate.