新型横辊式玉米摘穗装置设计与试验

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20221590

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对我国丘陵山地玉米种植区地块小、回转难、坡地多等制约着我国玉米收获机械化的一系列问题，设计了一款横辊摘穗割台，实现了在丘陵山地复杂地形的玉米机械化收获。该割台采用横辊摘穗技术，整机长度较常规玉米收获割台缩短0.7 m，有效减小了整机的回转半径，提高了收获机对复杂地形的适应性；采用Box-Behnken试验方法，研究了横辊摘穗辊配置角度、机具前进速度、摘穗辊转速对摘穗过程中果穗损失率的影响规律，建立了试验因素与考察指标之间的回归方程，并生成了相应的响应曲面；结果表明：横辊摘穗割台的摘穗辊配置角度、机具前进速度、摘穗辊转速对收获过程的果穗损失率有显著的影响；最终确定了最佳组合为摘穗辊配置角度26°，机具前进速度2 km/h，摘穗辊转速1 050 r/min，在该条件下进行了试验验证，平均果穗损失率为1.227%，低于国家玉米收获机械技术标准要求。

关键词: 玉米, 横辊割台, 玉米收获机, 果穗损失率

Abstract:

Aiming at a series of problems restricting the mechanization of maize harvesting in hilly and mountainous areas， such as small plot， difficult turning and many sloping land， a cross-roll ear picking and cutting platform was designed to solve the mechanization of maize harvesting in hilly and mountainous areas. The length of the whole machine is 0.7 m shorter than that of the conventional corn harvesting and cutting table， which effectively reduces the turning radius of the whole machine and improves the adaptability of the harvester to complex terrain. The Box-Behnken test method was used to study the influence of the angle of transverse roll picking， the forward speed of the machine and the rotation speed of the roll on the ear loss rate in the process of ear picking. The regression equation between the test factors and the index was established， and the corresponding response surface was generated. The results showed that the configuration angle of ear picking roll， the forward speed of the machine and the rotation speed of ear picking roll had significant effects on the ear loss rate in the harvest process. Finally， the optimal combination was determined as the configuration angle of ear picking roller 26°， the forward speed of the machine was 2 km/h， and the rotation speed of ear picking roller was 1 050 r/min. Under these conditions， the average ear loss rate was 1.227%， which was lower than the requirements of the national technical standard of corn harvester.

Key words: corn, cross roll stripping header, corn harvester, corn loss rate

中图分类号:

S225.5

耿端阳,明家锐,王伯龙,王其欢,张策,何庆浩. 新型横辊式玉米摘穗装置设计与试验[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2024, 54(10): 3085-3094.

Duan-yang GENG,Jia-rui MING,Bo-long WANG,Qi-huan WANG,Ce ZHANG,Qing-hao HE. Design and experiment of a new type of cross roll corn ear picking device[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(10): 3085-3094.

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项目	参数
外形（长×宽×高）/（mm×mm×mm）	4 300×1 300×2 600
作业行数/行	2
喂入量/（kg·s^-1）	4
工作幅宽/mm	1 130
最小离地间隙/mm	300
适应最低摘穗高度/mm	350
理论作业速度/（km·h^-1）	1.9~2.8
生产率/（km²·h^-1）	0.3~0.4
摘穗辊形式	横卧辊式
摘辊直径/mm	82
摘穗辊转速/（r·min^-1）	800~1 000
配套动力/kW	48
驱动形式	履带式

参数	数值
植株高度/mm	2 558
植株直径/mm	21
果穗大端直径/mm	50
果穗长度/mm	181
最低结穗高度/mm	350
籽粒含水率/%	28.4
茎秆含水率/%	84
果柄含水率/%	58.4
植株倒伏率/%	≤5
果穗下垂率/%	5
行距/cm	55

编码	因素
编码	前后辊配置角度 X₁/（°）	机具前进速度 X₂/（km·h^-1）	摘穗辊转速 X₃/（r·min^-1）
-1	21	2.0	890
0	30	2.4	1 045
1	39	2.8	1 200

变异来源	离均差平方和	自由度	均方	F	P
模型	1.02	9	0.11	22.37	0.000 2^**
X₁	1×10^-4	1	1×10^-4	0.022	0.885 6
X₂	0.088	1	0.088	17.47	0.004 1^**
X₃	0.3	1	0.3	59.48	<0.000 1^**
X₁X₂	4×10^-3	1	4×10^-3	0.71	0.426 4
X₁X₃	6×10^-4	1	6×10^-4	0.12	0.735 3
X₂X₃	0.053	1	0.053	10.48	0.014 3^*
X₁²	0.34	1	0.34	66.90	0.000 1^**
X₂²	8×10^-3	1	8×10^-3	1.75	0.228 0
X₃²	0.18	1	0.18	36/16	0.000 5^**
残差	0.035	7	5×10^-3
失拟	0.028	3	9×10^-3	5.48	0.067
纯误差	7×10^-3	4	2×10^-3
误差	1.05	16

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