甘薯联合收获机二级输送分离装置的设计与试验

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20221454

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对甘薯两段式联合收获机作业过程中二级输送分离装置伤薯严重、土薯分离效果差等问题，设计了一种高低间隔式二级输送分离装置。通过结构参数及运动学分析，得出了影响二级输送分离装置作业效果的关键因素，同时确定了各影响因素的取值范围。基于二次正交旋转组合试验，得出了试验指标最佳的因素取值。田间收获试验表明：线速度为0.6 m/s、振动幅度为26.2 mm、振动频率为6.6 Hz时，伤薯率为0.797%、去土率为74.839%。研究结果可为甘薯两段式联合收获机的结构参数优化提供参考。

关键词: 农业工程, 甘薯联合收获机, 输送分离装置, 运动学分析, 高低间隔式

Abstract:

For sweet potato two-stage combine harvester operation， the secondary conveyor separator device injures potato seriously， and the effect of soil and sweet potato separation is poor. A high and low interval secondary conveyor separator device was designed. By means of structural parameters and kinematic analysis， the key factors of the operational effect of the secondary conveyor separator were derived. At the same time， the value range of each influencing factor was determined. Based on a quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test， the value of the best factors for the test index was drawn. The field harvest test shows that the potato injury rate is 0.797%， and the soil removal rate is 74.839%，in the case of the speed of high and low interval secondary conveyor separator device is 0.6 m/s， the vibration amplitude is 26.2 mm， and the vibration frequency is 6.6 Hz. The results of the study can provide a reference for the structure improvement and operation parameters optimization of the two-stage sweet potato combine harvester.

Key words: agricultural engineering, sweet potato combine harvester, conveyor separator device, kinematic analysis, high and low interval type

中图分类号:

S225.7

杨然兵,张建,尚书旗,田光博,翟宇鸣,潘志国. 甘薯联合收获机二级输送分离装置的设计与试验[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2024, 54(9): 2708-2722.

Ran-bing YANG,Jian ZHANG,Shu-qi SHANG,Guang-bo TIAN,Yu-ming ZHAI,Zhi-guo PAN. Design and test of secondary conveyor separator device for sweet potato combine harvester[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(9): 2708-2722.

图/表 22

图1

图2

图3

表1

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

图14

图15

图16

表2

表3

表4

回归方程方差分析"

来源	伤薯率Y₁					去土率Y₂
来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值
模型	0.266 4	9	0.029 6	34.71	<0.000 1^**	83.86	9	9.32	26.56	< 0.000 1^**
X₁	0.205 7	1	0.205 7	241.15	<0.000 1^**	55.77	1	55.77	159.01	< 0.000 1^**
X₂	0.043 3	1	0.043 3	50.79	<0.000 1^**	21.34	1	21.34	60.85	< 0.000 1^**
X₃	0.007 6	1	0.007 6	8.89	0.010 6^*	2.30	1	2.30	6.55	0.023 8^*
X₁X₂	0.006 1	1	0.006 1	7.09	0.019 5^*	0.159 6	1	0.159 6	0.455 1	0.511 8
X₁X₃	0.000 2	1	0.000 2	0.234 5	0.636 3	1.91	1	1.91	5.45	0.036 3^*
X₂X₃	0.000 2	1	0.000 2	0.234 5	0.636 3	1.67	1	1.67	4.75	0.048 3^*
X $12$	0.000 7	1	0.000 7	0.854 9	0.372 0	0.242 8	1	0.242 8	0.692 2	0.420 4
X $22$	0.002 3	1	0.002 3	2.72	0.123 2	0.036 0	1	0.036 0	0.102 6	0.753 8
X $32$	0.000 4	1	0.000 4	0.466 9	0.506 4	0.438 1	1	0.438 1	1.25	0.284 0
残差	0.011 1	13	0.000 9	-	-	4.56	13	0.350 8	-	-
失拟项	0.003 7	5	0.000 7	0.797 1	0.581 1	1.06	5	0.211 6	0.483 5	0.780 2
误差	0.007 4	8	0.000 9	-	-	3.50	8	0.437 7	-	-
总和	0.277 5	22	-	-	-	88.42	22	-	-	-

表4

图17

表5

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参数	数值
尺寸（长×宽×高）/（mm × mm × mm）	1 600×940×285
倾角/（°）	0
输送链速度可调范围/（m·s^-1）	0~1.2
抖动器振动幅度/mm	0~26.2
抖动器振动频率可调范围/Hz	0~7.5
杆条直径/mm	11
杆条水平间距/mm	45
杆条竖直间距/mm	38

水平	试验因素
水平	振动幅度 X₁/mm	振动频率 X₂/Hz	线速度 X₃/（m·s^-1）
1.682	40.00	7.00	0.80
1	35.95	6.57	0.72
0	30.00	5.95	0.60
-1	24.05	5.33	0.48
-1.682	20.00	4.90	0.40

序号	试验因素			伤薯率 Y₁/%	去土率 Y₂/%
序号	X₁/mm	X₂/Hz	X₃/ （mm·s^-1）	伤薯率 Y₁/%	去土率 Y₂/%
1	30.00	4.90	0.60	0.75	73.07
2	30.00	5.95	0.60	0.84	74.00
3	30.00	5.95	0.80	0.87	76.43
4	30.00	5.95	0.60	0.80	74.41
5	30.00	5.95	0.60	0.76	75.97
6	20.00	5.95	0.60	0.62	72.10
7	30.00	5.95	0.60	0.83	75.72
8	30.00	5.95	0.60	0.78	74.89
9	30.00	7.00	0.60	0.91	77.65
10	30.00	5.95	0.40	0.75	74.96
11	35.95	6.57	0.72	1.06	77.70
12	35.95	5.33	0.72	0.89	76.43
13	35.95	5.33	0.48	0.86	75.27
14	30.00	5.95	0.60	0.80	75.26
15	24.05	5.33	0.48	0.65	71.04
16	35.95	6.57	0.48	1.05	79.25
17	24.05	5.33	0.72	0.70	73.27
18	30.00	5.95	0.60	0.85	74.40
19	30.00	5.95	0.60	0.78	74.79
20	40.00	5.95	0.60	1.01	79.05
21	30.00	5.95	0.60	0.82	75.46
22	24.05	6.57	0.72	0.76	74.86
23	24.05	6.57	0.48	0.73	73.57

项目	直杆条二级输送分离装置实测值		高低间隔式二级输送分离装置实测值
项目	伤薯率%	去土率%	伤薯率%	去土率%
平均值	1.093	71.537	0.797	74.839
1	1.12	72.08	0.86	75.43
2	1.11	70.10	0.78	74.41
3	1.01	72.30	0.76	74.78
4	1.20	70.95	0.88	74.82
5	1.01	71.32	0.83	74.47
6	1.03	72.39	0.81	74.34
7	1.05	72.85	0.73	75.44
8	1.08	71.14	0.72	75.10
9	1.14	70.56	0.81	75.33
10	1.18	71.68	0.79	74.27

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