玉米条带摆管式撒肥装置设计及试验

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20221420

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高玉米中耕施肥的肥料利用率及撒肥均匀性，设计一种基于无急回特性曲柄摇杆机构控制的摆管撒肥装置，通过理论分析分别确定了四杆机构尺寸及影响撒肥均匀性的主要参数。利用离散元软件EDEM模拟了摆管的摆动撒肥过程，并设计了二因素五水平二次通用旋转组合试验，分析摆管摆频、摆管倾角变化对横、纵撒肥均匀性变异系数的影响。对试验结果优化得出摆管摆频在1.21~1.5 Hz范围内，摆管倾角在36°~59°范围内时，横、纵向均匀性变异系数小于20%。在最优参数组合下进行样机试制及台架试验验证，台架试验与仿真试验的相对误差分别为1.44%、3.13%，试验结果与仿真结果一致，证明摆管撒肥装置可实现精控均匀撒肥，该研究可为摆管撒肥装置的设计提供理论参考。

关键词: 农业机械化工程, 离散元, 摆动撒肥, 参数优化, 均匀性

Abstract:

In order to improve the fertilizer utilization rate and uniformity of fertilizer spreading in maize mid-tillage applications， a swing tube fertilizer spreading device controlled by a crank rocker mechanism without sharp return characteristics was designed. Through theoretical analysis， the dimensions of the four-bar mechanism and the main parameters affecting the uniformity of the fertilizer spreading were determined separately. The oscillating fertilizer spreading process of the swing tube was simulated using the discrete element software EDEM， and a two-factor five-level quadratic generalized rotational combination test was designed to analyze the effect of changes in swing frequency and swing tube inclination on the coefficient of variation of the uniformity of transverse and longitudinal fertilizer spreading. By optimizing the test results， the coefficient of variation of transverse and longitudinal uniformity is less than 20% when the swing frequency is in the range of 1.21~1.5 Hz， and the swing tube inclination is in the range of 36°~59°. The prototype and bench test were carried out with the optimal combination of parameters， and the relative errors of the bench test and the simulation test are 1.44% and 3.13%， respectively. The test results are consistent with the simulation results， proving that the swing tube fertilizer spreading device can achieve the purpose of precise and uniform fertilizer spreading.

Key words: agricultural mechanization engineering, discrete element method, swing fertilization, parameter optimization, uniformity

中图分类号:

S224.2

顿国强,吴星澎,纪欣鑫,张福利,纪文义,朱礼贵. 玉米条带摆管式撒肥装置设计及试验[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2024, 54(9): 2697-2707.

Guo-qiang DUN,Xing-peng WU,Xin-xin JI,Fu-li ZHANG,Wen-yi JI,Li-gui ZHU. Design and experiment of corn strip swing tube fertilizer spreader[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(9): 2697-2707.

图/表 15

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

图6

表2

表3

表4

表5

纵向撒肥均匀性变异系数方差分析表"

方差来源	纵向撒肥均匀性变异系数Y₂
方差来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值
模型	24 945.6	5	4 989.12	130.68	<0.000 1
x₁	19 113	1	19 113	500.63	<0.000 1
x₂	373.38	1	373.38	9.78	0.016 7
x₁x₂	246.49	1	246.49	6.46	0.038 6
x $12$	2 593.25	1	2 593.25	67.93	<0.000 1
x $22$	3 293.14	1	3 293.14	86.26	<0.000 1
残差	267.25	7	38.18	―	―
失拟差	133.05	3	44.35	1.32	0.384 1
误差	134.19	4	33.55	―	―
总和	25 212.85	12	―	―	―

表5

图7

图8

图9

图10

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属性	土壤颗粒	肥料颗粒	撒肥摆管
泊松比	0.3	0.25	0.394
剪切模量	5.0×10⁷	1.0×10⁷	3.18×10⁸
密度/（kg·m^-3）	2 600	1861	1 240
静摩擦因数（与肥料颗粒）	0.66	0.30	0.50
滚动摩擦因数（与肥料颗粒）	0.18	0.10	0.01
恢复系数（与肥料颗粒）	0.40	0.11	0.50
静摩擦因数（与土壤颗粒）	0.68	0.50	0.20
滚动摩擦因数（与土壤颗粒）	0.27	0.01	0.02
恢复系数（与土壤颗粒）	0.21	0.30	0.10

水平Levels	试验因素Experimental factors
水平Levels	摆管摆频x₁/Hz	摆管倾角x₂/（°）
1.414	1.50	10.00
1	1.35	18.79
0	1.00	40.00
-1	0.65	61.21
-1.414	0.50	70.00

编号	试验因素		评价指标
编号	摆管频率x₁/Hz	摆管倾角x₂/（°）	横向撒肥均匀性变异系数Y₁/%	纵向撒肥均匀性变异系数Y₂/%
1	0.65	18.79	95.5	117.6
2	1.35	18.79	42.0	27.8
3	0.65	61.21	116.9	145.0
4	1.35	61.21	18.7	23.8
5	0.50	40.00	120.7	138.1
6	1.50	40.00	18.4	10.8
7	1.00	10.00	87.4	68.3
8	1.00	70.00	53.8	90.4
9	1.00	40.00	33.8	41.1
10	1.00	40.00	42.1	28.9
11	1.00	40.00	37.5	35.7
12	1.00	40.00	38.5	34.1
13	1.00	40.00	46.5	43.5

方差来源	横向撒肥均匀性变异系数Y₁
方差来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P值
模型	14 462.37	5	2892.47	55.34	<0.000 1
x₁	10 979.7	1	1 0979.7	210.08	<0.000 1
x₂	305.26	1	305.26	5.84	0.046 3
x₁x₂	499.52	1	499.52	9.56	0.017 5
x₁²	1 459.58	1	1 459.58	27.93	0.001 1
x₂²	1 567.31	1	1 567.31	29.99	0.000 9
残差	365.86	7	52.27	-	-
失拟差	272.77	3	90.92	3.91	0.110 5
误差	93.09	4	23.27	―	―
总和	14 828.23	12	―	―	―

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