吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (2): 345-354.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20240849

• 车辆工程·机械工程 • 上一篇    

T型三电平逆变器驱动永磁同步电机容错控制

林海(),宋春然,程思怡,李演明   

  1. 长安大学 电子与控制工程学院,西安 710064
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-28 出版日期:2026-02-01 发布日期:2026-03-17
  • 作者简介:林海(1978-),男,副教授,博士.研究方向:电磁与机电系统设计与控制技术,基于多电平逆变器的电机驱动技术,电机系统设计及控制技术.E-mail:linhai@chd.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2022JM-298)

Fault-tolerant control for driving permanent magnet synchronous motor using T-type three-level inverter

Hai LIN(),Chun-ran SONG,Si-yi CHENG,Yan-ming LI   

  1. School of Electronics and Control Engineering,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064,China
  • Received:2024-07-28 Online:2026-02-01 Published:2026-03-17

摘要:

在T型三电平逆变器的永磁同步电机矢量控制系统中,开关管常出现开路或短路故障,此类故障会使原有调制策略失效,引起三相电流畸变,导致转速和转矩波动,严重影响系统稳定性。为解决这些问题,提出了一种容错T型三电平逆变器拓扑及相应的容错五段式空间矢量脉冲宽度调制(SVPWM)策略。新拓扑能够将潜在的短路故障统一转化为开路故障,从而减少短路故障对系统的损害。根据故障相数对故障进行分类,当故障类型满足容错调制策略的可行性要求时,系统从原调制策略自动切换到容错五段式SVPWM策略,确保系统在故障状态下正常运行。仿真和实验结果验证了本文所提逆变器拓扑和容错调制策略在实际应用中的有效性和可靠性。

关键词: T型三电平逆变器, 空间矢量脉冲宽度调制, 永磁同步电机, 容错控制

Abstract:

In the vector control system of a T-type three-level inverter for permanent magnet synchronous motors,switch failures such as open circuits or short circuits are common occurrences.These failures can disrupt the original modulation strategy,leading to distortion in the three-phase currents,which in turn causes fluctuations in speed and torque,severely impacting system stability.To mitigate these issues,this study proposes a fault-tolerant topology for the T-type three-level inverter and a corresponding fault-tolerant five-segment space vector pulse width modulation(SVPWM)strategy.The new topology can uniformly convert potential short-circuit faults into open-circuit faults,thereby reducing the damage caused by short-circuit faults to the system.Faults are categorized based on the number of affected phases,and when the fault type meets the feasibility requirements of the fault-tolerant modulation strategy,the system automatically switches to the fault-tolerant five-segment SVPWM strategy to ensure normal operation during fault conditions.Simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed topology and modulation strategy in practical applications.

Key words: T-type three-level inverter, space vector pulse width modulation, permanent magnet synchronous motor, fault-tolerant control

中图分类号: 

  • TM464

图1

容错T型三电平逆变器"

图2

单相典型故障"

图3

两相典型故障"

图4

三相典型故障"

表1

调制策略可行性"

故障类型故障开关管容错调制策略可行性
单相SC1SC4
SC2SC3
SC1SC2×
两相SB1SC1
SB1SC4×
SB2SC2
SB1SC2SC3
三相SA1SB1SC1
SA4SB1SC1×
SA1SB2SC2×
SA2SB2SC2

图5

新扇区划分"

表2

矢量顺序表"

扇区号矢量顺序
作用时间T1/2-T2/2-T3-T2/2-T1/2
Ⅰ(1)NNN-PNN-PON-PNN-NNN
Ⅰ(2)NNN-PON-PPN-PON-NNN
Ⅱ(1)NNN-OPN-PPN-OPN-NNN
Ⅱ(2)NNN-NPN-OPN-NPN-NNN
NNN-NPN-NPP-NPN-NNN
Ⅳ(1)NNN-NOP-NPP-NOP-NNN
Ⅳ(2)NNN-NNP-NOP-NNP-NNN
Ⅴ(1)NNN-NNP-ONP-NNP-NNN
Ⅴ(2)NNN-ONP-PNP-ONP-NNN
NNN-PNN-PNP-PNN-NNN

表3

矢量作用时间表"

扇区号矢量作用时间
Ⅰ(1)T11/2-T12/2-T13-T12/2-T11/2
Ⅰ(2)T21/2-T22/2-T23-T22/2-T21/2
Ⅱ(1)T11/2-T13/2-T12-T13/2-T11/2
Ⅱ(2)T21/2-T23/2-T22-T23/2-T21/2
T31/2-T32/2-T33-T32/2-T31/2
Ⅳ(1)T11/2-T13/2-T12-T13/2-T11/2
Ⅳ(2)T21/2-T23/2-T22-T23/2-T21/2
Ⅴ(1)T11/2-T12/2-T13-T12/2-T11/2
Ⅴ(2)T21/2-T22/2-T23-T22/2-T21/2
T31/2-T33/2-T32-T33/2-T31/2

图6

开关时序图"

图7

开关时序分解"

表4

调制波高度表"

大扇区小扇区调制波高度:Ta1Ta2Tb1Tb2Tc1Tc2
1TATATS/2、TBTS/2、TS/2
2TATATBTATS/2、TS/2
1TBTATATATS/2、TS/2
2TS/2、TBTATATS/2、TS/2
TS/2、TS/2、TATATBTB
1TS/2、TS/2、TBTATATA
2TS/2、TS/2、TS/2、TBTATA
1TS/2、TBTS/2、TS/2、TATA
2TBTATS/2、TS/2、TATA
TATATS/2、TS/2、TBTB

图8

基于T型三电平逆变器永磁同步电机容错控制系统框图"

表5

仿真模型参数"

参数取值
定子电阻Rs0.958
直轴电感Ld/mH5.25
交轴电感Lq/mH12
固定磁链Ψ/Wb0.187 2
直流侧电压Udc/V1 000
给定转速Vref/rpm1 000
负载转矩TL/(N·m-110

图9

C相故障特性"

图10

B、C相故障特性"

图11

三相故障特性"

表6

实验平台参数"

参数取值
定子电阻Rs1.15
直轴电感Ld/mH2.1
交轴电感Lq/mH2.1
固定磁链Ψ/Wb0.020 669
额定电压U/V48
额定电流I/A2.8
额定转速V/(r·min-13 000
直流侧电压Udc/V48
分压电容C1C2/μF330
开关频率f/kHz10
给定转速Vref/(r·min-11 000
负载转矩TL/(N·m-10.5
继电器动作时间TJ/ms<10
熔断器动作时间TF/ms15~20
中断更新时间TI/ms0.1

图12

实验平台"

图13

C相故障特性"

图14

BC相故障特性"

图15

三相故障特性"

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