焊接能量对Cu/Al超声波焊接接头组织与性能的影响

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20180340

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用超声波焊接技术制备了Cu/Al异种金属搭接接头，运用UT-325型热电偶测温仪、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)以及万能试验机对Cu/Al搭接接头进行了系统的研究。结果表明：随焊接能量增加Cu/Al界面处应力增大，导致界面摩擦力增大，产热量增加，原子活度和金属塑性流动能力相应增大，界面成形逐渐得到改善。此外，由于界面处应力分布不均，致使界面处金属发生塑性流动，形成漩涡状塑性变形。随焊接能量增大界面应力不均性更加显著，漩涡状塑性变形的程度增大。这种塑性变形会造成金属互锁，增大接头剪切力，接头最大剪切力达到3.72 kN。当焊接能量达到或高于1700 J时，Cu/Al界面处出现金属间化合物层，其主要组织为Al₂Cu，接头断裂形式为韧-脆混合断裂。

关键词: 材料合成与加工工艺, 超声波焊接, Cu/Al异种金属, 应力分布, 漩涡状塑性变形, 金属间化合物层

Abstract:

In this paper, ultrasonic welding technology was applied for welding the Cu/Al dissimilar metals lap joints. The peak temperature, microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints were analyzed by UT-325 thermocouple thermometer, Optical Microscope (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and universal testing machine. Results show that the stress at the Cu/Al interface increases constantly with the growing of welding energy, which causes the increase in interfacial friction and heat generation. Furthermore, the interface is improved gradually thanks to the increasing atomic activity and the plastic flow capacity. In addition, swirling deformation is formed at the interface due to the uneven distribution of stress. The driving force at the interface increases with the growing of welding energy that can cause a more obvious uneven distribution of the stress and a more dramatic swirling deformation. This kind of deformation will cause the mechanical interlock between Cu/Al dissimilar metals which can increase the shear force of the joint. The maximum shear force of the joint reaches 3.72 KN. Moreover, intermetallic layer with the dominant phase of Al2Cu is found in joints with the welding energy of 1700 J or even higher. Fracture mode of joints is the mixed-mode of ductile and brittle fractures.

Key words: material synthesis and processing technology, ultrasonic welding, Cu/Al dissimilar metals, stress distribution, swirling deformation, intermetallic layer

中图分类号:

TG453.9

谷晓燕,刘东锋,刘婧,孙大千,马会峰. 焊接能量对Cu/Al超声波焊接接头组织与性能的影响[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2019, 49(5): 1600-1607.

Xiao-yan GU,Dong-feng LIU,Jing LIU,Da-qian SUN,Hui-feng MA. Effect of welding energy on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu/Al joints welded by ultrasonic welding[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2019, 49(5): 1600-1607.

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母材	热导率/(m·℃)	热膨胀系数/(10^-6·K^-1)	比热容/[J·(kg·K)^-1]	弹性模量/GPa
6082-T6铝合金	193	23.5	960	71.7
T2紫铜	399	16.9	611	119

位置	Al	Cu	相
点1	75.47	24.53	Al₂Cu
点2	68.93	31.07	Al₂Cu