铝合金薄壁零件铣削加工颤振主动抑制方法

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20221035

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

铝合金薄壁零件由于其刚性差，易受主轴转速、轴向切削深度、给进速度以及径向切削深度等因素的影响，导致其在铣削加工过程中极易出现颤振现象。为解决这一问题，设计了铝合金薄壁零件铣削加工颤振主动抑制方法。构建了基于圆柱螺旋立铣刀的铣削动力学模型，分析了x、y轴方向上的切削力变化，计算了切削时刀具刀齿的运行力学轨迹。利用小波神经网络比例积分微分控制算法，实现了零件铣削加工颤振的主动抑制。实验结果表明：该方法可在较高的刀具转速以及轴向切深下实现稳定的铣削加工，经抑制后的切削力与所设最佳切削力十分符合，且抑制后的振动控制在-5 μm~5 μm之间，可以减少加工中的变形和损伤，从而提高生产效率和产品寿命。

关键词: 机械加工, 铝合金, 薄壁零件, 铣削加工, 颤振主动抑制, 运行力学轨迹

Abstract:

Due to its poor rigidity， aluminum alloy thin-walled parts are easily affected by the spindle speed， axial cutting depth， feed speed and radial cutting depth， resulting in chatter in the milling process. In order to solve this problem， an active flutter suppression method for milling aluminum alloy thin-walled parts was designed. The milling dynamics model based on cylindrical spiral end milling cutter was established， the cutting force changes in x and y directions were analyzed， and the mechanical trajectories of cutter teeth during cutting were calculated. The wavelet neural network proportional integral derivative control algorithm was used to realize the active suppression of the chatter in milling parts. The experimental results show that the method can achieve stable milling under high tool speed and axial cutting depth， and the cutting force after inhibition is very consistent with the optimal cutting force， and the vibration range after inhibition is controlled between -5 μm and 5 μm， which can reduce the deformation and damage in the processing， thereby improving the production efficiency and product life.

Key words: machining, aluminum alloy, thin-wall parts, milling processing, active flutter suppression, operational mechanical trajectory

中图分类号:

TH161

王优强,李梦杰,赵涛,朱玉玲,何彦. 铝合金薄壁零件铣削加工颤振主动抑制方法[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2023, 53(12): 3351-3357.

You-qiang WANG,Meng-jie LI,Tao ZHAO,Yu-ling ZHU,Yan HE. Active flutter suppression method for aluminum alloy thin⁃walled parts milling[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2023, 53(12): 3351-3357.

图/表 4

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试验序号	轴向切深/mm	转速/（r·min^-1）	切削状态
1	0.2	5800	稳定
2	0.2	6000	稳定
3	0.2	6200	稳定
4	0.2	6400	稳定
5	0.2	6600	稳定
6	0.2	6800	稳定
7	0.3	7000	稳定
8	0.3	7200	稳定
9	0.3	7400	稳定
10	0.3	7600	稳定
11	0.3	7800	稳定
12	0.3	8000	稳定