考虑公交-合乘车道的多车道元胞自动机模型

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20230252

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为量化合乘车进入公交专用道对道路通行效率的影响，本文分析设置公交-合乘车道时公交车、合乘车和非合乘车的跟驰及换道特点。运用元胞自动机理论，结合公交-合乘车道管控规则，将车辆所在车道和车辆类型作为约束条件引入非对称换道规则，建立了考虑公交-合乘车道的多类型车辆跟驰及换道的多车道元胞自动机模型。利用MATLAB软件实现数值仿真，分析合乘车占比、公交发车频次、公交车站间距对交通流参数及其关系的具体影响。结果发现：三车道路段上，合乘车占比低于0.5，且初始空间占有率较高时，设置公交-合乘车道既能提升道路通行效率，又能保证公交运行速度；合乘车占比超过0.5时，限制非合乘车进入公交-合乘车道难以提升道路通行效率；初始空间占有率大于0.2时，公交发车频次越高，公交-合乘车道流量下降幅度越大；5条公交线路每3 min发车时，与初始空间占有率较低时相比，初始空间占有率较高时公交-合乘车道流量下降约30%；公交车站间距较明显地影响公交-合乘车道通行效率，公交车站间距越大，合乘车换道频率越高，就越会增加公交-合乘车道和相邻普通车道的拥堵区间，从而影响整条道路的通行效率。

Abstract:

To quantify the impacts of high occupancy vehicles （HOV） entering the exclusive bus lane on road traffic efficiency， the car following and lane changing characteristics of bus， HOV and non-HOV were analyzed when setting the bus-HOV lane. Using the theory of cellular automata （CA）， and combining the control rules of the bus-HOV lane， the lane occupied by a vehicle and the type of a vehicle regarded as constraints were introduced into the asymmetric lane changing rules， and then a multi-lane CA model was established for the car following and lane changing of multi-type vehicles considering the bus-HOV lane. MATLAB software was used to accomplish numerical simulation to analyze the specific effects of the proportion of HOV， bus departure frequency and bus stop spacing on the traffic flow parameters and their relationships. The results show that： when the proportion of HOV is less than 0.5 on a three-lane road segment， setting the bus-HOV lane can not only improve road traffic efficiency but also ensure the speed of bus operation under the condition of high initial space occupancy； when the proportion of HOV exceeds 0.5， it is difficult to improve road traffic efficiency by restricting non-HOV from entering the bus-HOV lane； when the initial space occupancy is greater than 0.2， the higher the bus departure frequency is， the greater the decline of traffic volume of the bus-HOV lane is； when there are 5 bus routes to dispatch a bus every 3 minutes， compared with the low initial space occupancy， the traffic volume of the bus-HOV lane under the condition of the high initial space occupancy reduces by about 30%； the bus stop spacing more significantly affects the traffic efficiency of the bus-HOV lane， the longer the bus stop spacing is， the higher the frequency of HOV lane changing is， the more the increase of the congestion segments on the bus-HOV lane and the adjacent normal lane is， thus the traffic efficiency of the whole road is influenced.

中图分类号:

U491

姚荣涵,祁文彦,胡宏宇,杜筱婧,乔延峰,王立冰. 考虑公交-合乘车道的多车道元胞自动机模型[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2025, 55(1): 162-174.

Rong-han YAO,Wen-yan QI,Hong-yu HU,Xiao-jing DU,Yan-feng QIAO,Li-bing WANG. Multi-lane cellular automata model considering bus-high occupancy vehicle lane[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(1): 162-174.

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