基于心电数据的高速公路高密度互通立交驾驶负荷

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20221522

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了明确高密度互通立交行驶环境对驾驶负荷的影响，本文在G50沪渝高速公路重庆段一处高密度立交群开展了38名被试的小客车实车驾驶试验，使用PhysioLAB生理仪采集了驾驶人在自然行驶状态下的心电数据。基于心率和心率变异性指标，采用因子分析法构建了心理负荷量化模型，分析了不同立交净距条件下驾驶人的心理负荷差异及其影响因素。结果表明：立交净距的缩小会导致驾驶人心理负荷增加，驾驶人在小净距立交的平均心理负荷比常规净距立交增加了15.15%；不同驾驶风格、不同性别驾驶人之间的心理负荷均存在差异，立交净距的缩小对焦虑型驾驶人和女性驾驶人的影响更大；驾驶人心理负荷随着对行驶环境熟悉度的增加而减小；车辆交织会导致驾驶人心理负荷显著增加，驾驶人在小净距立交合流过程中的平均心理负荷比分流过程增加了13.89%。

关键词: 道路工程, 互通立交, 高速公路, 高密度立交, 小净距立交, 心理负荷

Abstract:

To clarify the effects of high-density interchange environments on the mental load of drivers， a field driving test with 38 drivers was conducted in high-density interchange scenarios of “Shanghai Chongqing Expressway” （No.G50） in Chongqing， China. And the ECG data were collected under natural driving conditions using PhysioLAB physiological instrument. Subsequently， a quantitative model of mental workload was developed using factor analysis based on heart rate and heart rate variability indexes to explain drivers' mental workload differences under different interchange spacing. The results show that： The reduction of interchange spacing increases drivers' mental workload， and the average mental workload in small spacing interchanges increases by 15.15% compared with normal-spacing interchanges. Between the different driving styles of drivers and other genders， there are differences in the mental workload. And the reduction in interchange spacing significantly impacts anxious drivers and female drivers. The mental workload decreases after the increased familiarity with the driving environment. Vehicle weaving can lead to a significant increase in the mental workload of the driver. The average mental workload of drivers during the merging of small spacing interchanges increasesby 13.89% compared to the diverging process.

Key words: road engineering, interchange, freeways, high-density interchanges, small spacing interchanges, mental workload

中图分类号:

U491.2

徐进,陈正欢,廖祺硕,郑展骥,张河山. 基于心电数据的高速公路高密度互通立交驾驶负荷[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2024, 54(10): 2807-2818.

Jin XU,Zheng-huan CHEN,Qi-shuo LIAO,Zhan-ji ZHENG,He-shan ZHANG. Mental workload of drivers at high-density interchanges of freeways based on ECG data[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(10): 2807-2818.

图/表 24

图1

表1

图2

图3

图4

表2

表3

表4

图5

表5

因子分析成分矩阵"

标准化变量	旋转前成分		旋转后成分
标准化变量	1	2	1	2
Z_DRMSSD	0.848	0.388	0.879	0.310
Z_DSDNN	0.781	0.535	0.934	0.157
$Z H R m$	0.913	-0.307	0.444	0.855
$Z H R m a x$	0.760	-0.614	0.120	0.969

表5

表6

因子得分系数矩阵"

标准化变量	成分
标准化变量	1	2
Z_DRMSSD	0.519	-0.092
Z_DSDNN	0.614	-0.226
$Z H R m$	0.005	0.475
$Z H R m a x$	-0.270	0.679

表6

图6

表7

图7

图8

图9

表8

图10

图11

图12

图13

图14

表9

图15

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试验对象	立交净距/m	立交类型	行驶路线编号	行驶工况
白杨沟—跑马坪	420	小净距立交	BP1	匝道→主线
白杨沟—跑马坪	420	小净距立交	BP2	主线→匝道
跑马坪—白杨沟	480	小净距立交	PB1	主线行驶
跑马坪—白杨沟	480	小净距立交	PB2	辅道行驶
跑马坪—黑石子	540	小净距立交	PH	主线→匝道
黑石子—跑马坪	840	小净距立交	HP	匝道→主线
白杨沟—东环	3200	常规净距立交	BD	主线行驶
东环—白杨沟	2800	常规净距立交	DB	主线行驶

KMO 取样足够检验		0.639
巴特利特球形检验	近似卡方	1538.372
	自由度	6
	显著性	0.000

标准化变量	初始	提取
Z_DRMSSD	1.000	0.869
Z_DSDNN	1.000	0.896
Z_HRm	1.000	0.928
Z_HRmax	1.000	0.954

成分	初始特征值			提取载荷平方和			旋转载荷平方和
成分	特征值	方差贡献率/%	累积/%	特征值	方差贡献率/%	累积/%	特征值	方差贡献率/%	累积/%
1	2.740	68.490	68.490	2.740	68.490	68.490	1.856	46.408	46.408
2	0.908	22.711	91.202	0.908	22.711	91.202	1.792	44.793	91.202
3	0.231	5.781	96.982	—	—	—	—	—	—
4	0.121	3.018	100.000	—	—	—	—	—	—

场景	心理负荷值
场景	均值	方差
BP1	0.406	0.040
PH	0.405	0.040
HP	0.363	0.037
PB1	0.343	0.037
BP2	0.363	0.041
PB2	0.316	0.028
BD	0.345	0.034
DB	0.318	0.027
F	2.400
F_crit	2.026
P	0.020