质子交换膜燃料电池低温启动水热平衡特性

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20220100

Abstract

Abstract:

Aiming at the phenomenon of ice accretion and shutdown caused by the imbalance of water and heat during the cold start-up of proton exchange membrane fuel cell， a numerical model for heat transfer and temperature calculation of the cell is established based on the study of the mechanism of heat generation and heat transfer characteristics of the system. The evolution law of heat generation and heat dissipation of the system under different ice volumes is analyzed， the water and heat balance conditions for predicting cold start shutdown is established， and the effects of system parameters such as current densities on start-up performance are studied. The results show that when the heat generation and heat dissipation of the system are the same， the heat generation of the system will be lower than the latent heat of ice melting， resulting in shutdown. The high current density can increase temperature of the membrane electrode and reduce the heat transfer to the outer layer， which is beneficial to shorten the cold start time.

Key words: vehicle engineering, fuel cell, cold start, numerical model, hydrothermal characteristics

CLC Number:

TM911.4

Qi-ming CAO,Hai-tao MIN,Wei-yi SUN,Yuan-bin YU,Jun-yu JIANG. Hydrothermal characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cell start⁃up at low temperature[J].Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2022, 52(9): 2139-2146.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

Fig.1

Table 2

Heat transfer relation expression"

层	表达式（i=a/c）		注释
MEA	产热：散热：温度：	$Q ˙ g e n e r a t e = Q ˙ r e v + Q ˙ i r r e v + Q ˙ s g$ $Q ˙ i, l o s s = h m e m, G D L A i T m e m - T i, G D L$ $C m e a m m e a d T m e a = Q ˙ g e n e r a t e - Q ˙ l o s s$	假设不存在过冷水。其中， $Q ˙ i, l o s s$ 为从膜传至GDL的热； $h m e m, G D L$ 为两层结构之间的传热系数； $A i$ 为传热面积； $C m e a$ 为比热容； $m m e a$ 为质量； $T m e a$ 为温度。
GDL	吸热：散热：温度：	$Q ˙ i, G D L, g e n = Q ˙ i, l o s s = h m e a, G D L A i T m e m - T i, G D L$ $Q ˙ i, G D L, g a s = h G D L, g a s A G D L T i, G D L - T i, g a s$ $Q ˙ i, G D L, B P = h G D L, B P A G D L, B P T i, G D L - T i, B P$ $C G D L m G D L d T i, G D L = Q ˙ i, G D L, g e n - Q ˙ i, G D L, l o s s$	GDL中没有冰产生。 $Q ˙ i, G D L, g e n$ 为GDL吸收的热， $Q ˙ i, G D L, g a s$ 为从GDL传至GAS的热； $Q ˙ i, G D L, B P$ 为从GDL传至BP的热。
GAS	吸热：散热：温度：	$Q ˙ i, g a s, g e n = (m ˙ c) i, i n T i, g a s, i n + Q ˙ i, G D L, g a s$ $Q ˙ i, g a s, o u t = (m ˙ C) i, g a s, o u t T i, g a s, o u t$ $Q ˙ i, g a s, B P = h g a s, B P A B P T i, g a s - T i, B P$ $C i, g a s m i, g a s d T i, g a s = Q ˙ i, g a s, g e n - Q ˙ i, g a s, l o s s$	气体通道中的温度分布简化为线性分布。 $T i, g a s, i n$ 为气体流道入口的温度； $T i, g a s, o u t$ 为气体流道出口的温度。
BP	吸热：散热：温度：	$Q ˙ i, B P, g e n = Q ˙ i, g a s, B P + Q ˙ i, G D L, B P$ $Q ˙ i, B P, c l a n t = h B P, c l a n t A B P T i, B P - T i, c l a n t$ $C i, B P m i, B P d T i, B P = Q ˙ i, B P, g e n - Q ˙ i, B P, l o s s$
CLANT	温度：	$C i, c l a n t m i, c l a n t d T i, c l a n t = Q ˙ i, B P, c l a n t$	冷却循环关闭。

Table 2

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

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参数	值	单位
反应面积A	235×10^-4	m²
质子交换膜、CL、GDL的厚度	0.178、0.01、0.2	mm
通道的长度、宽度、深度、肋宽	100、1、1、1	mm
CL、GDL的接触角θ	110、110	°
CL、GDL的渗透率K₀	1.0×10^-13、1.0×10^-12	m²
质子交换膜的等效质量EW	1.1	kg/mol
质子交换膜、CL、GDL、BP、冰的密度质子交换膜、CL、GDL、BP、冰的比热容质子交换膜、CL、GDL、BP的导热率 CL、GDL的孔隙率阳极、阴极的传递系数传递系数阳极、阴极的化学计量比初始冰体积分数	1980、1000、1000、1000、920 833、2683、568、1580、2050 0.95、1.2、1.5、20.0 0.5、0.6 0.5、0.5 2.0、2.0 0	kg/m³ J/（kg·K） W/（m·K） - - - -

Hydrothermal characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cell start⁃up at low temperature

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