Abstract:Objective
To investigate the repair effect of  transplantation  of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)  on liver injury in severe burned rats,and to clarify  its mechanism.Methods The BMSCs of rats were isolated,cultured,amplified,identified,and labeled in vitro.30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group(n=10),model group(n=10) and cell therapy group(n=10).The burned rat model was established.The BMSCs labeled by chlormethyl-benzamidodialkylcarbocyanine(CM-Dil) were transplanted into the rats in cell therapy group by retro-orbital intravenous injection and the saline was injected into the rats in model group.The general status of all rats were observed.The liver tissues of rats were obtained  2 weeks after transplantation,and the pathohistological  changes were observed and the pathohistological  scores were detected;the apoptotic rate of liver  cells was detected by TUNEL method;the engraftment of BMSCs in  liver tissues of the rats was observed under laser scanning confocal microscope.Results 2 weeks after transplantation,the rats in model group were obviously malaise dispirited and the rats in cell therapy group showed obviously better,and  the body weight of the rats in cell therapy group was higher than that in  model group(P<0.05).The pathohistological results showed the normal liver lobules of the rats in model group disappeared,and the liver cords disordered,and some liver sinusoids dilated and congested,lymphocytes infiltrated with  occasional focal aggregating,and cell edema was found,cytoplasm loose and steatosis were seen in liver tissue.However,the pathohistological changes of liver tissue of the rats in cell therapy group were significantly better than those in model group.The pathohistological score of the rats in cell therapy  group was significantly lower than that in model group(P<0.05).The TUNEL staining results showed that  there were lots of apoptotic liver cells in liver tissue of  the rats in  model group,and the apoptotic rate of liver cells in cell therapy  group was significantly lower  than that in model group(P<0.05).CM-Dil labeled BMSCs were found in liver tissue of the rats in cell therapy group under confocal microscope.Conclusion BMSCs can implant into the damaged liver tissue after transplantation,and BMSCs have an obvious repair effect on liver injury caused by burning,and the possible mechanism may be associated with the inhibiting of apoptosis.

To explore the influence of isoflurane in apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) of PC12 cells of the rats  induced by amyloid β-protein 25-35 (Aβ25-35),and to clarify its mechanism.Methods The PC12 cells were randomly divided into normal control group,10  μmol•L-¹ Aβ25-35 group (Aβ group),2% isoflurane group (Iso group),and 2% isoflurane combined with  10  μmol•L^-1 Aβ25-35 group(Iso+Aβ  group).The survival rates  of the PC12 cells in various groups were determined by MTT assay;the apoptotic morphology of the  PC12 cells was detected by Hoechst 33342 staining method;Western blotting method was performed to observe the expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum molecular chaperone glucose regulation protein 78(GRP78) and ERS associated apoptosis signal protein C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP),phosphorylated amino terminal protein kinase(p-JNK),and caspase-12 of PC12 cells.Results Compared with normal control group,the  survival rates of the PC12 cells  in Aβ group and Iso group were decreased significantly(P<0.05),but the  apoptotic rates of the PC12 cells were significantly increased (P<0.05),the expression levels of  GRP78 and ERS associated apoptotic signal protein CHOP,p-JNK and caspase-12 were increased significantly (P<0.05).Compared with Aβ group,the  survival rate of the  PC12 cells  in Iso+Aβ group was decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the apoptotic rate was significantly increased (P<0.05),and the expression levels of  GRP78,  CHOP,p-JNK, and caspase-12 were increased significantly (P<0.05).Conclusion Isoflurane could aggravate the apoptosis of PC12 cells of the  rats induced by Aβ25-35,and the  mechanism may be  involved in activation of ERS and ERS associated apoptosis signal pathway.

o establish oxidative stress model of HeLa cells copied by vitamin K3 (VK3),and to investigate the role of external signal-

regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in autophagy induced by oxidative stress in HeLa cells. Methods HeLa cells were divided into control

group,VK3 group (30  μmol•L^-1)， U0126 group (10 μmol•L^-1)，and VK3 (30  μmol•L^-1)+ U0126 group (10  μmol•L^-1).The survival

rate of HeLa cells in each group was measured by MTT assay;the expression levels of external signal-regulated kinase 1/2

(ERK1/2),phosphorylated ERK 1/2 (Phospho-ERK1/2),microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-Ⅱ (LC3-Ⅱ),and cysteine aspartic

acid specific protease-3 (caspase-3),and its activated fragment cleaved caspase-3 were determined by Western blotting method;the

morphological changes of nuclear and apoptotic rate of HeLa cells  in each group were detected by Hoechst staining.Results Compared

with VK3 group,the survival rate of HeLa cells in VK3+U0126 group was decreased (P<0.05).The expressions of Phospho-ERK1/2 in HeLa

cells were increased after treated with VK3 for 2,4,and 8 h (P<0.05).Compared with control group， the expression of LC3-Ⅱ protein

 in VK3 group was increased(P<0.05).Compared with VK3 group,the expression of LC3-Ⅱ in HeLa cells in  VK3+U0126  group was

decreased(P<0.05),and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 protein was increased (P<0.05).Compared with VK3 group,the morphological

changes of nuclear appeared and the  apoptotic  rate  of  HeLa cells in   VK3+U0126 group was increased(P<0.05).Conclusion

Oxidative stress activates autophagy of HeLa cells induced by ERK signal pathway,and  the autophagy can inhibit the apoptosis of

HeLa cells induced by VK3.

To investigate the role of insulin in the expression of  sodium channel β subunit (β-ENaC) in alveolar epithelial A549 cells,and

to clarify the possible signaling pathway on regulating β-ENaC by insulin. Methods The alveolar epithelial A549 cells were

cultured in vitro and  divided into control group,insulin group (A549 cells were incubated with 2,20， and 200 mU•L^-1 insulin  for 

30,60,and 120 min),and LY294002 group,respectively.The expression levels of mRNA and protein of  β-ENaC and  p-Akt protein were

determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting methods.Results Compared with control group，the expression levels of β-ENaC mRNA and

protein were elevated significantly after treated with 2,20,and  200 mU•L^-1 insulin in a concentration-dependent manner

(P<0.05).Compared with control group，the expression levels of p-AKt protein were elevated significantly after treated with 

2,20,and 200 mU?L-1 insulin(P<0.05)　in a concentration-dependent manner.Compared with control group，the expression levels of β-

ENaC mRNA and protein were elevated significantly after treated with insulin for 30,60,and  120 min in a time-dependent manner

(P<0.05).Compared with insulin group，the expression levels of β-ENaC mRNA and protein and  p-Akt protein in LY294002 group were

decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion Activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway can increase  the expression levels of β-ENaC mRNA and

protein,which is beneficial for clearance of pulmonary edema fluid.

bstract:Objective
To investigate the inhibitory effect of constitutive  photomorphogenic homolog subunit 3 of COP9(COPS3) gene interferred by RNA on

the proliferation of lung cancer A549 cells, and to clarify its mechanism. Methods   The tumor experimental models of nude mice

were established in lung cancer  cell line A549.40 nude mice were divided into experiment group (n=20,implanted with A549 cells

infected by si-COPS3) and  control group(n=20,implanted with A549 cells infected by si-CTRL.The tumor size,weight, and tumor

formation rate of the nude mice  were detected.The expression levels of the cell cycle related proteins,such as

P21,CDK2,CDK4,cyclinB1, and cyclinD1 were detected by Western blotting method after down-regulation of expresion of COPS3 gene in

A549 cells. Results The tumor volume and weight（P<0.05）,and  the tumor formation rate  of nude mice in experiment group were

significantly lower  than those in  control group.Compared with control group,the expression level of P21 protein was up-regulated

（P<0.05）,and the expression levels  of CDK4 and cyclinB1 protein were  down-regulated（P<0.05）,while the expression levels of

CDK2 and cyclinD1 protein had no significant changes（P=0.384,P=0.605）.Conclusion The proliferation  of lung cancer cells can be

suppressed significantly by inhibiting the  expression of COPS3 gene.This effect may be mediated by up-regulating the expression of

P21 and down-regulating the expressions of cyclinB1 and CDK4.

Abstract:Objective
To explore the effects of SB203580 on the expression of Homer1a and nerve cell apoptosis in hippocampus of rats after diffuse brain

injury（DBI）,and to clarify the mechanism of p38MAPK and Homer1a after DBI and the protective effect of SB203580.Methods 96 male

Sprague-Dawlley rats were divided into control group（n=24，only anesthesia without injury）,DBI group （n=40，Marmarou’s method

was used to establish DBI rat models）and SB203580 group(n=32,the rats were peritoneally injected with SB203580，0.01  μg•
kg^-1).The morphological changes of nerve cells of the rats  were observed under electron microscope;the positive cell rates of Homer1a

and phosphorylated p38MAPK in hippocampus CA1 of the rats were detected by immunohistochemistry and the apoptotic index(AI) of 

nerve cells of the rats was measured by TUNEL method.Results Compared with control group,the positive cell  rates of phosphorylated

p38MAPK and Homer1a in DBI group were increased at each time point (6，24，48,and 72 h after DBI)(P<0.05) and reached the peak at

24 h；the AI of nerve cells was  increased obviously （P<0.05） and reached the peak at 72 h. Compared with DBI group,the positive

cell rate of phosphorylated p38MAPK was decreased while that of Homer1a was increased and the AI of nerve  cells  was  decreased

obviously in SB203580 group（P<0.05）.Conclusion SB203580 can attenuate nerve cell apoptosis in hippocampus of the rats after DBI，

and the mechanism is related to the inhibition of p38MAPK activation and increasing the expression of Homer1a.

Abstract:Objective
To explore the relationship betwen hyperthermia and expression of 2’,3’-cyclic nucleotide 3’-phosphodiesterase (CNP),and to clarify the effect of hyperthermia on decreasing  the invasiveness  of glioma cells and its possible mechanism. Methods C6 glioma cells of logarithmic phase were randomly divided into control group(37℃ incubation) and hyperthermia group(42℃ incubation for 10,30,60,120,180,and 240 min).Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the  expression levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in glioma cells in various groups;the expression levels of CNP protein were detected by Western blotting method;the cells in  each group   on the Transwell were used to build glioma invasion model.The number of glioma cells under the Transwell after hypertherimia was observed by crystal videt staining.Results Compared with  control group,the HSP70 protein expression levels in C6 cells were increased  after hyperthermia and reached the peak at 30 min (P<0.01) and then gradually decreased,which was higher than those in  control group after 30,60,120,and 180 min hyperthermia(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The  expression levels of CNP protein in C6 cells  began to increase after hyperthermia and reached the peak at 120 min (P<0.01) and then gradually decreased.The expression levels in CNP protein in C6  cells after 60,120,and 180 min hyperthermia were higher than those in control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).After hyperthermia,the number of glioma cells passing Transwell membrane reduced and reached the lowest at 120 min (P<0.01).Conclusion Hyperthermia may increase the expression level of CNP protein by increasing the expression of HSP70,and the increasing expression of CNP induces the invasion of glioma cells through some sort of mechanism.

Abstract:Objective
To study the influence  of the specific inhibitor of autophagy 3-methyladenine（3-MA）in apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),and to clarify the protective effect of 3-MA on RGCs under  hypoxic micro-environment.Methods The RGCs at logarithmic growth phase were collected and divided into control group (PBS),3-MA group (6 mmol•L^-1 3-MA),CoCl2 group(300 μmol•L^-1 CoCl2) and 3-MA combined with CoCl2 group(6 mmol?L-13-MA+300 μmol•L^-1 CoCl2).MTT method was conducted to evaluate the optimal concentration of CoCl2 and the  inhibitory rate of proliferation of RGCs in various groups; Acridine orange/ Ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining was used to detect the morphology of RGCs;  Monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining was used to detect the autophagic vacuoles of RGCs;Western blotting method was used to test the expression levels of  apoptotic proteins P53,Bax,caspase-9,caspase-3,iASPP and autophagic  protein LC3 in RGCs in various groups. Results The 30%inhibitory concentration( IC30 )of CoCl2 was 300 μmol?L-1.Compared with CoCl2 group,the  inhibitory rate of proliferation of RGCs in 3-MA+CoCl2 group was decreased(P<0.05).The apoptosis body and autophagic vacuole in RGCs in various groups were observed under fluorescence microscope.The Western blotting results showed that compared with control group,the expression levels of  P53,Bax,caspase-9,caspase-3,and  LC3 in RGCs in the other groups    were increased(P<0.05) and the expression level of  iASPP   was decreased(P<0.05);compared with CoCl2 group,the expression levels of P53,Bax,caspase-9,caspase-3,and LC3 in RGCs in 3-MA +CoCl2 group were decreased(P<0.05) and the expression level of  iASPP   was increased(P<0.05); compared with 3-MA group,the expression levels of P53,Bax,caspase-9,caspase-3,and LC3 in RGCs in 3-MA +CoCl2 group were increased(P<0.05) and the expression level of  iASPP was decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion  Under  hypoxic micro-environment,the inhibitor of autophagy 3-MA has protective effect on apoptosis of RGCs induced by CoCl2.

Abstract:Objective
To construct the  recombinant vector pEGFP-C2-CD41-42 of  CD41-42 mutation β thalassemia and  HeLa cell model,and  to provide  basis for cell and mouse model establishment of  CD41-42 mutation β thalassemia and the further gene therapy.Methods The DNA in peripheral blood of  βCD41-42 homozygote mutation patient was extracted and the DNA framen of β-globin  containing β CD41-42 was amplified by PCR,then the PCR product β CD41-42 globin gene  was subcloned into pEGFP-C2 vector.The recombinant plasmid pEGFP-C2-βCD41-42 was  transfected into HeLa cells by LipofectamineTM 2000.The fluorescence expression of βCD41-42 in HeLa cells after transfecton was observed.The expression of βCD41-42 in HeLa cells was identified by RT-PCR method.Results The   HeLa cells expressed green fluorescence  24 h after transfected with the recombinant plasmid  pEGFP-C2-βCD41-42   and expressed lots of green fluorescence after G418 screening.The special PCR products(227 bp)  was obtained by RT-PCR,but it didn’t express  in the HeLa cells transfected with pEGFP-C2 blank plasmid.Conclusion The recombinant vector  pEGFP-C2-βCD41-42  of CD41-42 mutation β thalassemia is successfully estabished and the HeLaCD41-42 cell model  is successfully established.

bstract:Objective
To explore the influence  of  the expression level of cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A(CIP2A)  in the hepatoma  HepB3 cell   in the apoptosis induced by Apoptin,and  to provide basis for studying the mechanism of  Apoptin in  the apoptin-specific induction of tumor cells.Methods CIP2A specific siRNA was synthesized and the  eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3-HA-Apoptin was constructed.CIP2A siRNA and pcDNA3-HA-Apoptin were co-transfected into HepB3 cells  as experiment group,the HepB3 cells  co-transfected with pcDNA3-HA-Apoptin and CIP2A scrambled siRNA were regarded as positive control group,the HepB3 cells co-transfected with pcDNA3 and CIP2A siRNA were regarded as negative control group,and the HepB3 cells co-transfected with pcDNA3 and CIP2A scrambled siRNA were regarded as blank control group.Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of CIP2A and HA-Apoptin in HepB3 cells;the apoptotic rates of HepB3 cells  in different  groups  were detected by flow cytometry;immunofluorescence assay was utilized to determine the distribution  of Apoptin in nucleus or cytoplasm in HepB3 cells.Results The  Western blotting results showed that compared with negative control group,the expression level of CIP2A in the HepB3 cells in  experiment group was decreased（P<0.001）.The Western blotting and flow cytometry assay results showed  that the apoptotic rate  of HepB3 cells in experiment group was significantly reduced compared with positive control  group（P<0.05）.The immunofluorescence assay results indicated that   the HA-Apoptin distribution in cytoplasm of the  HepB3 cells in experiment group was increased compared with positive control group.Conclusion The  downregulating of the expression level of CIP2A in HepB3 cells decreases the induction effect of Apoption on apoptosis.

o determine the effects of silibinin(SB) on the proliferation  and apoptosis of human bladder cancer T24 and 5637 cell lines,and to clarify the possible mechanism.
Methods Human bladder cancer 5637 and T24 cell lines  were cultured in cell media and the  5637 and T24 cells at logarithmic growth phase were divided into control group(0 μmol•L^-1  SB) and 25,50,100,200,and 400  μmol•L^-1  SB groups.The inhibitory effects of SB on the proliferation  of T24 and 5637 cells were  detected by  MTT assay;inverted phase contrast microscope was used to observe the invasion inhibition ability of T24 and 5637 cell lines after treated with different contentations of SB;the morphological changes of T24 and 5637 cells after treatment were observed by DAPI staining;the apoptosis   was detected and evaluated by flow cytometry.Results The  MTT results showed that  the  viability rates of  T24 and 5637 cell lines were decreased    in different concentrations of SB groups in a time- and concentration-dependent  manner compared with  control group.After treated with different concentrations of SB,the migration of T24 and 5637 cell lines was significantly inhibited.The DAPI staining and flow cytometry results revealed that the apoptotic rates of T24 and 5637 cells  in different concentrations of SB groups were higher than those in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion SB can  inhibit the proliferation and invasion of human bladder cancer T24 and 5637 cell lines  through inducing the apoptosis.

To observe the effects of Injection of Milkvetch Root on blood lipid metabolism,free radical oxidative damage and renal function of rats,and to discuss the  protective mechanism of injection of Milkvetch Root  on kidney of  type 2 diabetic rats.Methods 80 Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,captopril group,and injection of Milkvetch Root(IMR) group;there were 20 rats in each group.Except for control group,the rats in the other groups were given high sugar and high fat diet for 8 weeks,and the rats were intraperitoneally injected with low dose of streptozocin(STZ) once to induce type 2 diabetic rat models.The rats in IMR  group were  intraperitoneally injected with Injection of Milkvetch Root (2 mL•kg^-1) since the 17th week after establishment of models.The levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG),serum total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL- c),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c),urine trace albumin (Ualb),creatinine(Scr),content of urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER),and creatinine clearance rate (CCr),the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in kidney tissue,and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) of the rats in various groups were detected after 4 weeks.Results  Compared with control group,the levels of FBG,TC,TG,LDL-c,MDA,UAlb,BUN,SCr and UAER were increased;the  HDL-c level,CCr and the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with model group,the levels of serum  TC,TG and LDL-c and level of MDA in kidney tissue,UAER and serum UALb,BUN,and Scr of the  rats in IMR group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);the activities of serum SOD  and GSH-Px and  CCr  were increased markedly (P<0.05 or P<0.01);the HDL-c level had no significant change.Conclusion   Injection of Milkvetch Root can correct the lipid metabolic disorders and resist free radical mediated lipid peroxidation in the  type 2 diabetic rats to protect their kidneys.

Abstract:Objective
To discuss the anti-lipopolysaccharide(LPS) effect of the traditional antibacterial Chinese medicine Yinhuamiyanling Tablet,and to provide theoretical basis for its application. Methods Yinhuamiyanling Tablet were regarded as the study object,and the limulus test method was used to detect the anti-lipopolysaccharide activity.In vivo tests,90 ICR mice were divided into blank control group,drug control group,LPS control group,and low dose,middle dose,high dose prevention and treatment groups,and there were 10 mice in each group.The mice in low,middle,and high dose prevention and treatment groups were respectively fed with low dose (0.4 g/mL),middle dose (0.5 g/mL),high dose (0.6 g/mL) of Yinhuamiyanling Tablet solution.The mice in drug control group were fed with 0.6 g/mL  Yinhuamiyanling Tablet solution,and the mice in LPS control group and blank control group were fed with an equal volume of saline.In addition to  blank control group and drug control group,the mice in different prevention groups (3 h after the last administration) and different treatmentgroups(3 h before the first  administration) and LPS control group were intraperitoneally injected with 18 mg/kg LPS solution.48 h after LPS injection,the changes of body weight,blood parameters and organ indexes of the  mice in each group were observed.
Results The limulus test in vitro results showed that Yinhuamiyanling Tablet solution had anti-bacterial LPS activity even though its concentration was diluted to 6.25 g/L from 100 g/L.In vivo, compared with blank control group,the body weight,the number of white blood cells (WBC),red blood cells (RBC),concentration of haemoglobin(Hb),hematocrit(Hct),platelet(PLT) of the mice in LPS control group were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);the spleen indexes and lung indexes were significant increased(P<0.01).Compared with LPS control group,the body weight of the mice in  low dose treatment group and middle dose prevention group were significantly increased 24 h after LPS injection（P<0.05）;the body weight of the mice in  middle dose and high dose prevention groups were significantly increased 36 h after LPS injection（P<0.05）;the body weight of the mice in middle dose prevention groups was significantly increased 72 h after LPS injection（P<0.05）；the number of WBC of the mice in high dose treatment group was significantly increased (P<0.05),the number of RBC of the  mice  in low dose treatment group and middle dose prevention group was significantly increased  (P<0.01);the number of  Hb of the mice in low dose treatment group and different prevention groups was significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);the number of Hct of the  mice in low dose and high dose prevention groups was significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);the number of PLT of the mice in low and  high dose prevention groups was significantly increased  (P<0.05);the liver index of the  mice in  middle dose treatment group was significantly decreased (P<0.01);the lung index of the mice in high dose treatment group was significantly decreased (P<0.05);the spleen indexes of the mice in low dose,high dose treatment groups and different  prevention groups was significantly deceased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Yinhuamiyanling Tablet has anti-bacterial LPS activity in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract:Objective
To detect the levels of the oxidation products and hormones related to the thyroid,and to discuss the effect of high dose of  vitamin E(VE) on the  level of the oxidative stress and thyroid function of the rats,and to provide the experimental reference for the  questions might be caused by overdose usage of VE in population.Methods 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group(n=6),vehicle group(n=6),low dose of VE group(n=6), medium dose of  VE group(n=6),and high dose of VE group(n=6).The solvent for VE was peanut oil,and the doses of VE for the  rats in low,medium,and high doses of VE  groups  were 400,800,and 1 600 mg/kg, respectively.The  rats were killed 30 d after administration,and  the serum levels of free thyroxine (FT3),free triiodothyronine (FT4),the concertration of malondialdehyde (MDA),and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and  glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) of the  rats in various groups were determined.Results In medium and high doses of VE  groups,the rats’ hair turned yellow and messy and no luster,and they showed sleepiness,mental apathetic state.The concentration  of serum MDA of the rats  in  high dose of VE group  was higher than those in  control,vehicle,low and medium doses of VE  groups (P<0.05);the activity of SOD was significantly increased(P<0.05) and the activity of  GSH-Px was  significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with control and vehicle groups,the levels of FT3 and FT4 in low,medium and high doses of  VE groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05).The thyroid follicular epithelial cells of the  rats in medium and high doses of  VE groups  had a higher level of hyperplasia compared with  control and vehicle groups,and  the nucleus became larger and irregular. Conclusion Ingestion of high dose of VE can cause oxidative stress and produce effects on the structure and function of thyroid in the rats.

Abstract:Objective
To study the protective effects of extract fructus Schisandrae Chinensis (EFSC) on hepatic injury in experimental hepatic fibrosis rats,and to clarify its mechanism.Methods 60  Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group(n=10),model group(n=10),malotilate group(n=10),and 100,200 and 400 mg/kg EFSC groups(n=10).The experimental hepatic fibrosis model was established by hypodermic injection with CCl4  arachis oil solution for 10 weeks.The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT),and the levels of albumin (ALB),globulin (GLO),total protein (TP) and nitrogen monoxidum (NO) in serum of the rats in various groups were determined;the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitricoxide synthase (NOS),and the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA),glutathion (GSH) and hydroxyproline (Hyp) in liver tissue of the rats in various groups were detected.Results Compared with model group,after treated with  200 and 400 mg/kg  EFSC  for 4 weeks,the levels of ALB and ALB/GLO ratio in serum of the rats were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);the activities of AST and ALT and the  levels of GLO and NO in serum of the rats were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);the activities of SOD and the levels of GSH in liver  tissue of the rats were   significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01) and the levels of MDA and Hyp in liver tissue of the rats were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion EFSC can improve the hepatic function,inhibit the generation of hepatic collagen fiber,correct the low level of ALB and lighten the damage of lipid peroxidation in hepatocytes,so as to prevent formation and development of hepatic fibrosis.

Abstract:Objective To observe the influence of tacrolimus in the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)  and  tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) in kidney tissue of   the  rats  with IgA nephropathy (IgAN),　and to explore the treatment effect of tacrolimus on glomerular fibrosis  and its mechnism,and to provide basis for IgAN treatment.Methods 40 healthy male SD Wistar were selected to set up experimental IgAN rat models  with bovine serum albumin (BSA)+ lipopolysaccharide(LPS)+ carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).The IgAN model rats were  randomly divided into  model group (n=8),tacrolimus group (n=8),benazepril group (n=8),benazepril+ tacrolimus group (n=8);at the same time  normal control  group was  established(n=10).The rats in  model group,tacrolimus group,benazepril group,benazepril+tacrolimus group,and control group were given distilled water,tacrolimus,benzepril,benazepril+tarcolimus and distilled water,respectively;the levels of MMP-9,TIMP-1,and MMP-9/TIMP-1 in kidney  tissue of the rats in various groups were detected.Results Compared with normal group,the kidney tissue of the rats in benazepril +tacrolium group,tacrolium group,benazepril group and  model group showed claybank  dyeing area and the expressions  of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in   kidney tissue of the rats in model group were strong positive;the expressions  of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in   kidney tissue of  the rats in benazepril+tacrolimus group,tacrolimus group,and benazepril group  were  positive.The ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 in kidney tissue of the  rats in normal control group was closed to 1;the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 in kidney tissue of the  rats in model group was the highest;the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 in kidney tissue of the rats in benazepril+tacrolimus group,and  tacrolimus group,benazepril group were lower than that in  model group(P<0.05);the ratio of  MMP-9/TIMP-1 in benazepril+tacrolimus group was statistically higher  than that  in tacrolimus  group and benazepril group(P<0.05);the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 in tacrolimus group  was statistically higher than that in  benazepril group (P<0.05).Conclusion Tacrolimus can decrease the levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1  in  kidney tissue  of the rats and  correct the imbalance of MMP-9 / TIMP-1;tacrolium has therapeutic effect on glomerular fibrosis.

Abstract:Objective
To study the feasibility of tissue engineering bone constructed with poly lactic-co-glycolic acid/calcium phosphate cement(PLGA/CPC) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs),and to provide scientific and theoretical and guiding for preventing residual ridge resorption and promoting bone regeneration.Methods Solvent casting - particle leaching technology combined with the phase separation process was used to prepare PLGA/CPC scaffold material;the BMSCs of rats were isolated， cultured, and purified in vitro;the third generation of BMSCs after Dil staining were planted on the composite scaffold material.The experiment was divided into experiment group( PLGA/CPC+BMSCs) and control group(BMSCs).Scanning electron microscope and laser confocal microscope were used to observe the  adhesion of BMSCs on  the PLGA/CPC material;CCK-8 and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) methods were used to detect   the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs of two materials.Results The porosity of PLGA/CPC scaffold was above 90%,and the average pore diameter was 200-300  μm and the BMSCs were combined with the scaffolds very well；the proliferation of original generation of BMSCs was low during the first 3 d,and it became fast during 3-6 d, but it became low after 6 d;the expressions of  surface antigens CD44 and CD105 in BMSCs were positive;the alizarin red and type Ⅰ collagen staining results showed that  BMSCs had good osteogenic activity;the Dil staining results  showed that the rate of marked cells was     more than 90%,and the markers had no significant effect on the  morphology of BMSCs.The CCK-8 and  AKP results showed  there were no significant differences  of  proliferation rate of BMSCs and AKP activities　between experiment group and control group(P>0.05).Conclusion PLGA/CPC is an ideal tissue engineering scaffold material.

Abstract:Objective To prepare polylactit acid / hydroxyapatite (PLLA/HA) composites by different mass ratios of PLLA and HA,and to investigate its mechanical properties and cytotoxicity to draw the best mass ratio of PLLA and HA,and to explore its feasibility as the root canal of the maxillary primary anterior teeth. Methods HA microspheres were prepared with NH4H2PO4,Ca (CH3COO)2?H2O, and CH3COONH4.PLLA/HA composites were prepared with solution blending and compression molding method.PLLA/HA composites were divided into PLLA,PLLA-3% HA,PLLA-5%HA,PLLA-7%HA,and PLLA-9%HA groups according to different HA mass percentages.The morphology and size of HA were observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM);the phase analysis was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD);the product ingredients were analyzed by fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FT-IR);the flexural strength and  elasticity modulus of the composites were tested by universal material tester;MTT method was used to detect the influence of PLLA / HA composites in the relative growth rate(RGR) of L929 cells. Results The  SEM results showed that the diameter of HA  microspheroidals was 1  μm and HA was composed by lamellar crystals,possessing uniform size.HA characteristic peak was observed in the XRD pattern which showed no significant artifact peaks;the strong absorption peaks of PO43－ groups were observed at 565,606,and 1 042 cm-1 by FT-IR spectra.Compared with PLLA group,the flexural strength and elastic modulus in different  PLLA/HA groups were increased significantly (P<0.01),and the meterial in  PLLA-5%HA group reached the maximum flexural strength and elastic modulus (138 MPa,4.6 GPa).The MTT results showed the RGR of cells in PLLA,PLLA-3% HA,PLLA-5% HA,PLLA-7% HA,and PLLA-9% HA groups were all above 93%,and the cytotoxicity levels were 0―1.Conclusion PLLA/HA composite material is expected to become the ideal root canal material of the maxillary primary anterior teeth due to the certain mechanical properties and non-cytotoxicity.

Abstract:Objective
To detect the changes of color of four commercial heat-curing denture base resins in different solutions for different storage time and  to evaluate the color stabilities of four commercial heat-curing denture base resins.Methods Four commercial heat-curing denture base resin samples of New Century,Meliodent,Nissin and Basis-Hi were made according to the manufacturer’s instructions and immersed in red wine,coke,coffee， and tea.The samples were also immersed in artificial saliva as control group.The values of changes of color(ΔE) of the specimens immersed in the incubator at 37℃ for 1,28 and 84 d were retested.The value of the   ΔE of the specimens was calculated and analyzed statistically.Results Four commercial heat-curing denture base resins were immersed in red wine,coke,coffee， and tea for 1,28,and 84 d,compared with the other solutions,the values of ΔE of the Meliodent resin materials immersed in red wine was  increased most significantly （P<0.05）.The values of ΔE of the Meliodent and New Century resin materials immersed in red wine were over 3.7,which was regarded as clinically unacceptable.The values of ΔE of the Nissin resin materials immersed in coke,coffee,and tea for 1,28 and 84 d changed  little and there were no significant differences（P>0.05）.Conclusion The color stability of dental base resin materials is associated with  the denture base resins,soak solution,and storage time，and the stability of the Nissin resin materials is the best.

Abstract:Objective  To investigate the influence of low temperature argon plasma in the shear strength  polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and PEEK composites, and to clarify the bonding mechanism of PEEK and PEEK composites.Methods The specimens were divided into control group (PEEK) and experiment group (PEEK composites).The surfaces of the specimens were treated with low temperature  argon plasma for 0,5,15,and 25 min　(plasma 0,5,15,and 25 min groups).The surface microstructure of the specimens after  treated with plasma was measured by scanning electronic microscope (SEM).Then the  RelyXTM Unicem was bonded onto the specimens.After 24 h at 37°C distilled water storage,the shear strength of the specimens was measured;the  failure modes were assessed by stereomicroscope.Results The grooves,cracks,and deposits appeared on the surfaces of the specimens in plasma 5,15,and 25 min groups after treated with low temperature  argon plasma.The shear strength of the specimens in control group was significantly increased in plasma  5 min group compared with plasma  0 and 15 min groups (P<0.01).The shear  strength of the specimens in plasma  25 min group had no significant differences compared with plasma  5 min group (P>0.05).In experiment group,the shear  strength of the specimens in plasma 5 min group was decreased compared with plasma 15 and 25 min groups (P<0.05).The shear  strength of the specimens had no significant difference between plasma 15 and 25 min groups (P>0.05).The shear  strength of the specimens in  control group was statistically lower than that in  experiment group at 15 min (P<0.05).There were no significant differences of shear strength among the other groups (P>0.05).The main failure mode of the specimens was the interface damage in all groups.Conclusion Low temperature argon plasma treatment can enhance the bond strength of PEEK and PEEK composites.The shear strength of the specimens  is increased with the increasing of treatment time.The different hardness of the specimen surfaces results in the inconsistencies of the shear  strength between PEEK and PEEK composites.

Abstract:Objective  To evaluate the   adaptability of gutta percha  point to curved root canals prepared by rotatory nickel titanium(NiTi)instruments,and to investigate the best effect of the adaptability of gutta percha point  and the wall of curved root canals.Methods The plastic curved root canal models were randomly divided into 8 groups.Four groups were named MTwo group,and the other groups were named Sendoline group.They were respectively prepared to 0.06/20#,0.06/25#,0.04/35#,0.04/40#,and 004/20#,0.04/25#,0.04/30#,0.06/30#.All of these models were filled using the single-cone technique.After a week,the models were cutted from the apical foramen to 1,2,3,4,and 5 mm perpendicularly to the model with low speed diamond saw.Photographs were taken using microscope.The filling rates and the widths of the gutta percha point were measured by drawing software.Results The filling rates of gutta percha  point  were minimal at 1 mm section from the apical foramen.The closer it reached the apical foramen,the bigger the  filling rates were seen.The filling rates in various groups at apical section were maximum at 5 mm section from the apical foraman.The filling rates were  decreased and the widths of the gutta percha point were increased with the increasing of the number of gutta percha point.When the root canals were prepared to <30#,the filling rates and the widths  had no significant differences (P>0.05).When the root canals were prepared to ≥30#,the filiing rates in 0.04/35# group and 0.04/40# group at apical section were decreased compared with 0.04/30# group(P<0.05).There were significant differences at 1 and 4 mm sections and there were no significant differences at 2,3,and 5 mm sections in 0.04/40# group compared with 0.04/35# group(P>0.05).The width of the gutta percha point at apical section of 0.04/35# group was increased compared with 0.04/30# group and there were no significant differences at 1,2,and 3 mm sections(P>0.05) and there were significant differences at 4 and 5 mm sections(P<0.05) between 0.04/30# group and 0.04/35# group.The width of the gutta percha point at apical section in 0.04/40# group was increased compared with 0.04/30# group and there was no significant difference at 3 mm section(P>0.05) and there were significant differences at 1,2,4,and 5 mm sections(P<0.05) between 0.04/30# group and 0.04/40# group.The width of the gutta percha point  at apical section in 0.04/40# group was increased compared with 0.04/35# group and there was significant difference at 1 mm section(P<0.05) and there were no significant differences at 2,3,4 and 5 mm sections(P>0.05) between 0.04/35# group and 0.04/40# group.Compared with   0.06 taper groups with the same number，the gutta percha point in 0.04 taper groups had bigger filling rates and smaller widths,but there were no significant differences between them(P>0.05).Conclusion  When the root canals are prepared to <30#,the adaptability of  gutta percha point  to curved root canals is the best,and the filling effect is the  best.

Abstract:Objective To examine the basic situation,sexual behaviors,syphilis infection and their changing trends among the sex workers in the Chinese mainland during 2010—2012 by Meta-analysis.Methods All published academic papers from CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,and Medline(PubMed) databases on syphilis infection among sex workers in the Chinese mainland  from 2010 to 2012 were searched.Meta-analysis was performed by Stata 11.0 software.Results Sixty five studies were selected.From  2010 to 2012   the pooled infection rate of syphilis among the sex workers in the Chinese mainland  was 4.7%(95% CI,4.2%－5.3%);the pooled infection rate of syphilis increased year by year from 2010 to 2012,rising from 4.4% in 2010 year (95% CI,3.6% －5.1%) to 8.6% in 2012 year (95% CI,6.6%－10.7%);the pooled infection rate of syphilis in the eastern of China was the highest in all analysis,up to 7.0% (95% CI,5.7%－8.4%);the pooled rate of condom use in the last sex with clients was 82.0%(95% CI,79.7%－84.4%);the pooled rate of always condom use with clients in the last month was 57.5%(95% CI,52.6%－62.5%);the pooled rate of sometimes condom use with clients in the last month was 35.8%(95% CI,29.6%－42.1%);the pooled rate of never condom use with clients in the last month was 6.0%(95% CI,5.1%－6.9%).Conclusion High syphilis infection rate among the sex workers in the Chinese mainland  during 2010—2012 shows upword tendency,especially in the eastern of China.The rate of condom use in the last sex with clients is high and the rate of always condom use with clients in the last month is relatively lower.

Abstract:Objective To systematically review the total status and various features of psychological resilience in the Chinese college students,and to provide basis for specificating  research methods of psychological resilience.Methods The studies published before September 12,2013 were searched in Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBMdisc),VIP database,CNKI database,Wanfang　database,PubMed and Embase database.The cross-sectional studies about the status of psychological resilience in the college students were included.Two reviewers performed screening,quality assessment and data extraction independently,and reached a consensus after cross-check and discussion.Meta-analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.1 in the   college students with different genders,grades,majors,residences and only-child or not. Results A total of 31 studies with 19 285 college students were included in the analysis.The status of psychological resilience was at a good level.The Meta-analysis results showed the psychological resilience score  of the boys  was higher  than that of  the girls［OR(95%CI)：0.11(0.03,0.19),P<0.05］,the psychological resilience score of the freshmen was higher than that of    the seniors［OR(95%CI)： 0.19(0.09,0.30),P<0.05］,the psychological resilience score of the students in the major of natural science was higher than that of the students  in social science［OR(95%CI)：－0.13(－0.20,－0.06),P<0.05］,the psychological resilience score of  the urban college students was higher than that of the  rural ones［OR(95%CI)： 0.12(0.02,0.21),P<0.05］,and the psychological resilence sore of the non-only-child college students was higher than that of  only-child ones ［OR(95%CI)：－0.09(－0.17,0.00),P<0.05］. Conclusion The differences of psychological resilience exists in the college students in Chinese.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the association between myosin ⅨB (MYO9B) gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia and its clinical phenotypes in the North Chinese Han population,and to clarify the genetics mechanism of occurrence of schizophrenia. Methods Genomic DNA was isolated from the whole blood samples in  427 patients with schizophrenia and 439 ethnicity-matched healthy controls.The PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to examine the genotypes and alleles of the rs2279007,rs8113494, and rs1545620 sites at MYO9B gene.The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the  genotypic distribution of rs2279007,rs8113494, and rs1545620 in the schizophrenia patients and the controls was estimated by the goodness-of-fit χ2 test,and the association between the allelic and genotypic frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) sites at MYO9B gene and schizophrenia and its clinical phenotypes was analyzed by χ2 test.Results There were no significant differences of the allelic  and genotipic frequencies of MYO9B gene between the  schizophrenia patients and the controls(P>0.05).Phenotypic analysis suggested that the genotipic frequency of   rs2279007  site was associated with Hallucination-delusion syndrome (χ2=4.160，P=0.041) and the genotipic frequency of rs1545620 site was associated with aboulia (χ2=10.768,P=0.013) in schizophrenic patients.Conclusion MYO9B gene may  be not involved in the occurrence  of schizophrenia,but may be associated with Hallucination-delusion syndrome and aboulia of schizophrenia in the North Chinese Han population.

Objective To evaluate the outcomes of surgical treatment for the patients with  non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) complicated with isolated adrenal metastasis  with a systematic review and pooled analysis,and to provide an evidence for surgical treatment  of NSCLC   complicated  with isolated adrenal metastasis.Methods A search for publications on surgical treatment for NSCLC complicated with isolated adrenal metastasis from January 1990 to January 2013 was performed via the PubMed and ScienceDirect.The retrospective studies were expected to be included in pooled analysis.Results  11 studies including  87 patients who had received lung resection and adrenalectomy were selected.The mean survival time of the patients after operation was 41 months (95%CI,30.6－51.3 months)，and the median overall survival was 16 months (95%CI,9－23 months).The 1-year,2-year,and 5-year survival rates were 64.0%,37.7%,and 29.2%,respectively.In univariate analysis，the prognosis of the patients  with synchronous adrenal metastasis(SAM) was worse than those with metachronous adrenal metastasis(MAM),and  the median overall survival was 12 months   vs  31 months;the 1-year survival rates were 80.5%   and  46.8%,the 2-year survival rates were 52.3%   and  22.%,and the 5-year survival rates were 35.0%   and 22.5%.However,the pathology of primary lung cancer(squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma),the mediastinum lymph node or not and the position (ipsilateral or contralateral) of adrenal metastasis were not the prognostic factors.Conclusion Parts of the patients with NSCLC complicated with  isolated adrenal metastasis   after  lung resection  and adrenalectomy  have a long survival.The patients with MAM  have a better survival than the SAM patients.

Objective To investigate the  expressions of Galectin-3 and Galectin-9 in  the tumor tissue and adjacent cancer tissue of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their relationship with prognosis,and to explore the significance of Galectin-3 and Galectin-9 in the occurrence and development of HCC.Methods The expressions of Galectin-3 and Galectin-9 in 197 cases of HCC tissue  and 131 cases of adjacent cancer  tissue were detected by immunohistochemical technique;the association between the  expressions of Galectin-3 and Galectin-9 and  the  clinicopathologic characteristics  and prognosis of HCC patients were analyzed.Results There was no significant difference of the positive expression rate of Galectin-9 between HCC tumor tissue and adjacent cancer tissue (P>0.05).The expression levels of Galectin-9 in the  patients with  poorly differentiated HCC  or  with lymph-vascular invasion were lower than those in the  patients with well differentiated HCC  or  without lymph-vascular invasion (P<0.05);the patients with a high-level expression of Galection-9 showed a longer survival period compared with those with negative and low-level expression of Galectin-9 (P<0.05).The positive expression rate of Galectin-3 in HCC tumor tissue was significant higher than that in adjacent cancer tissue (P<0.01).The expression level of Galectin-3 in HCC tissue was not related to the clinicopathologic characteristics  and prognosis of the patients.After adjusting the influencing factors,the multivariate analysis results showed only the infection of hepatitisc (RR=2.86,95%CI：1.13-7.30,P=0.027),multiple tumor (RR=2.38,95%CI：1.39-4.07,P=0.002),diameter of tumor>5 cm (RR=2.13,95%CI：1.21-3.76,P=0.009), and lymph-vascular invasion(RR=1.96,95%CI：1.07-3.62,P=0.030) were the independent influencing factors of prognosis of the HCC patients.Conclusion The expression level of Galectin-9 is related to the tumor differentiation and lymph-vascular invasion of the HCC patients,and the expression levels of Galectin-3 and Galectin-9 are not associated with the prognosis  of HCC patients.

Objective
To observe the relationship between the expression of E-cadherin (E-cad) protein in breast cancer tissue and the clinical characteristics, pathological features and the methylation of E-cad gene promoter of invasive breast cancer,and to investigate the feasibility and clinical significance of E-cad protein as an indictor for early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of breast cancer. Methods The samples from 62 cases of breast cancer tissue and 20 cases of breast hyperplasia tissue were collected.The expressions of E-cad protein in samples were detected with immunohistochemical assay and the  methylation of E-cad gene promoter was detected with methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP).Results The expression of E-cad protein  was mainly in membrane.The positive expression  rate of E-cad protein in cancer tissue was lower than that in hyperplasia tissue (51.6%   vs  80.0%,P<0.05).The incidence of methylation of E-cad gene promoter in cancer tissue was higher than that in the  breast hyperplasia tissue (62.9%   vs 35.0%,P<0.05).The expression level of E-cad protein was correlated with TNM stage,histological differentiation degree  and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05).There was no correlation between the patient’s age,tumor size,lesion location and the expressions of estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR),and epidermal growth factor receptor(Her-2) (P>0.05).The methylation rate of E-cad gene promoter in E-cad protein negative expression tissue was higher than that in E-cad protein positive expression tissue(P<0.05).Conclusion The decrease of E-cad protein expression caused by  E-cad gene promoter methylation is involved in the occurrence and development of breast cancer.E-cad may be one of the predictors for early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of breast cancer.

Objective
To investigate  the mRNA  expression levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and  leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin like domains 1 (LRIG1) in  peripheral blood  from the patients with non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）,and to analyze their possible associations with the clinicopathological  parameters of the patients  and provide basis for treatment of NSCLC.Methods The expression levels of EGFR and LRIG1 mRNA were detecteded in peripheral blood of 69 NSCLC patients  by quantitative real-time PCR method.The associations between the gene expression levels and the clinical   stage of tumor, age,gender,and survival time of the patients were analyzed.Results  Compared with normal people,the expression level of LRIGI mRNA in peripheral blood of NSCLC patients was decreased and that of EGFR was increased（P<0.001）.The expression levels of LRIG1 and EGFR mRNA were not associated with gender,age,and histology of the patients(P>0.01 )，but they  were correlated with the  survival time and clinical stage of tumor of the  patients(P<0.001).The Cox regression analysis results indicated that the  clinical   stage of tumor，the expression levels of LRIG1 and EGFR mRNA  were independent prognostic factors for the NSCLC patients.The later the clinical  stage was,the worse the  prognosis was (P= 0.028);the relative risk degree （RR） = 1.548,95% CI：1.074－2.283;the higher the LRIG1 expression was, the better the prognosis of patients was (P= 0.026),RR = 0.242,95%CI：0.069－0.843;the higher the expression of EGFR mRNA was,the worse the prognosis was(P= 0.027),RR = 3.732,95%CI：1.165－11.956.The survival time of the patients with high expression of LRIG1 mRNA  was longer than the patients with lower expression of LRIG1 mRNA (χ2 =56.560,P<0.001);the survival time of the patients with high expression of EGFR mRNA  was shorter than the patients with low expression of EGFR mRNA (χ2 =51.962,P<0.001).The expression levels of LRIG1 and EGFR mRNA in the blood sample of the same patient were negatively related (r=－0.307,P=0.016).Conclusion LRIG1 can affect the clinical stage and survival time of NSCLC patients by negatively regulating the expression of EGFR.LRIG1 may affect the curative effectiveness and prognosis of NSCLC patients by regulating the expression of EGFR.

Objective
To study the visceral pleural invasion （VPI） situation of  the patients with early postoperative non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）,and to clarify its influence in prognosis of NSCLC patients. Methods 261 NSCLC patients were  followed up in outpatient department  who were diagnosed as the pathologic stage Ⅰ－Ⅱ after surgical radical operation from 2007 to 2011.The median follow-up time was 36 months.All the patients were divided into VPI group(n=130) and non-VPI group(n=131).χ2 test or Fisher  exact test was used to analyze the categorical variables;Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the disease-free survival（DFS） rate  and overall survival（OS） rate;COX proprotional hazards model was used to analyze the relationship between the clinical characteristic and prognosis of NSCLC patients.Results The  1-year OS rate  of the patients in VPI group was 90.77%,meanwhile it was 93.13% in non-VPI group,there was no significant difference between  two groups（P>0.05）. The 3-year and 5-year OS rates (69.23% and 63.85%) of the patients in VPI group were lower  than those in non-VPI group (80.15% and 74.05%)(P<0.05).COX unuvariate and multivariate analysis indicated that age,tumor size,and VPI  were the influnencing factors of  DFS and OS of the NSCLC patients (P<0.05).Conclusion VPI is one of the poor prognostic factors of early postoperative NSCLC patients,and it plays an  role in criteria of tumor clinicopathological  stage.

Objective To identify normal breast tissues and breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) tissue by shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS),and to explore the biological characteristics of DCIS and the identification method.Methods The frozen section of breast tissue from 17 patients underwent surgical resection were obtained.9 cases of normal breast tissue and 8 cases of DCIS tissue  were detected by Raman spectroscopy first and then SHINERS technique was utilized after adding shell-isolated nanoparticles(SHINs).A total of 223 Raman spectra and 231 SHINERS  were obtained.All the spectra were dealt with baseline corrected by fitting and subtracting a third-order polynomial and then smoothed with a 15-point Adjacent-Averaging.Results  The characteristic peak of normal breast tissue  appeared at 1 090,1 157,1 262,1 300,1 442,1 658,1 745,and  1 874 cm-1.After adding SHINs,some peaks shifted  2-3 cm-1, and the relative strength of 1 090 and 1 157 cm-1 was significantly increased,and the characteristic peak at 1 496 cm-1  appeared.The Raman spectrocopy showed there were more nucleic acid characteristic peaks (including 878,1 086,and 1 157 cm-1) in breast DCIS tissue;after adding SHINs,the relative strength of 1 004,1 157,1 526,and 1 658 cm-1 was increased,the characteristics peak of lipid around 1 745 cm-1 and 1 442 cm-1 stemed   from the C=O and CH2 stretching vibration.Compared with normal breast tissue,DCIS tissue showed a blue shift of 2-3 cm-1.The characteristic peak of nucleic acid had the blue shift from 1 086 cm-1 to 1 090 cm-1.Conclusion Raman spectra can discover the differences of the characteristic peaks of DNA and protein between DCIS and normal breast tissues,and SHINERS  can distinguish  breast DCIS  tissue from  normal tissue successfully.

Objective
To detect the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c（HbAlc）,3-nitrotyrosine（3-NT）and other biochemical indexes in the patients with diabetes mellitus （DM）and its complications，and to discuss the relationship between these indexes and DM and its complications，and to provide  basis for diagnosis and therapy of  DM patients.
Methods 64 DM patients were selected，including 18 DM patients （simple DM group） and 46 DM complication patients （DM complication group），which included 16 DM peripheral neuropathy patients （DM peripheral neuropathy group） and 30 DM other complication patients（DM other complication group）;20 non-diabetic subjects （normal control group） were selected.The levels of HbA1c，3-NT,fasting blood glucose (FBG),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),and serum creatinine (Cre) of the objects in various groups were detected.Results The levels of HbA1c,3-NT,FBG,TG,and Cre of the patients in simple DM group and DM complication group were higher than those  in normal control group(P<0.05)；the 3-NT levels of the  patients in DM  ther complication group and DM peripheral neuropathy group were  higher  than those in   simple DM group(P<0.05);the levels of 3-NT and TG had an increasing trend with the development of DM complications and the patients in DM peripheral neuropathy group had the highest levels of 3-NT and TG.The results of regression analysis showed that there were linear regression relationship between BMI, TC and  3-NT (r=0.272，r=0.216，P<0.05).Conclusion HbA1c and 3-NT play an important role in early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of DM and its complications.3-NT testing has great significance for the further  diagnosis of DM complications.
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Objective
To explore the associations between ITGA3,TP53INP2,and AXIN2 gene polymorphisms and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC),and to provide basis for the prevention and treatment of PTC. Methods 56　cases of  blood samples from PTC patients (case group) and 50 cases of normal blood samples from  normal thyroid persons(control group) were collected.The genotypes of 14 SNPs  of ITGA3,TP53INP2,and AXIN2 genes were detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry.The differences of   genotypic and allelic frequencies of different sites between case and control groups were detected;the relationship between haplotype  consisted of two or more sites and PTC was analyzed by UNPHASED3.1.4 software.Results The  Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium results showed that the genotypic frequency distribution of 14 sites in two groups were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05).The distribution of allelic frequencies of rs11655966,rs3923086, and rs7591 sites in AXIN2 gene were statistically different between two groups (χ2=6.029,df=1,P=0.014;χ2=4.518,df=1,P=0.034;χ2=4.674,df=1,P=0.031). The distribution of allelic frequency of rs910870 site in TP53INP2 gene was statistically different between two groups (χ2=4.583,df=1,P=0.032). The distribution of allelic and genotypic frequency of five tag SNPs in ITGA3 gene were not statistically different between two groups(P>0.05).The combined analysis of multiple sites  results showed that there were statistically differences in the distribution of rs7210356-rs7591-rs4074947-rs11655966-rs3923086-rs4791169-rs2240308 haplo-system between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The rs11655966,rs3923086,and rs7591 sites in AXIN2 gene and rs910870 site in TP53INP2 gene might be associated with  PTC.The haplotype consisted of multiple sites in AXIN2 gene might be associated with  PTC.ITGA3 might not be associated with  PTC.
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Objective To investigate the CCAAT-enhancer binding protein-alpha(CEBPA) gene mutation in the patients with acute myeloid leukemia( AML) and to clarify its clinical significance．Methods The bone marrow or peripheral blood samples were collected from 279 AML patients and 40 healthy volunteers, respectively.The cell morphology and the proportion of  bone marrow blast counts (BM blast) were observed by Switzerland staining.CEBPA,FLT3-ITD,NPM1 and C-KIT gene mutations were detected by PCR and sequence analysis.Karyotype analysis was performed by  G-banding technique.Results Among 279 newly diagnosed  AML patients,35(12.5%) had CEBPA gene mutation.The detection rate in M2 subtype patients was significantly higher than those in other subtypes patients(P<0.05).Of 35 CEBPA mutation patients,31 had double mutations, and the remaining 4 had single mutation.CEBPA mutations were all negative in 40 healthy volunteers.CEBPA mutation was common in normal karyotype patients. Compared with the patients with  wild-type CEBPA gene,the patients with CEBPA double mutations had higher white blood cell(WBC) count,red blood cell (RBC) count,and hemoglobin (HGB) level (P<0.05)  and lower age and platelet(PLT) count(P<0.05).However,there was no difference between the patients with and without CEBPA mutation in the gender,proportion of BM blast   and the incidence of FLT3-ITD,NPM1,and C-KIT gene mutations (P>0.05).In terms of treatment,the remission rates of first induction treatment were 84.0% and 80.5% in CEBPA double mutation and wild-type patients,there was no statistically significant difference between two groups (P> 0.05).Conclusion CEBPA gene mutation is mainly seen in M2 subtype AML patients.CEBPA common mutation is biallelic mutation.CEBPA double mutation and wild-type patients have different clinical characteristics.The patients with CEBPA double mutations have higher WBC   count,RBC count,and HGB level and lower age and PLT count.

Objective
 To investigate the role of interleukin-33(IL-33) in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma through measuring the serum IL-33 levels in the perpheraal blood of the patients with bronchial asthma,and to study the relationship between the IL-33 levels and lung function or immunoglobulin E(IgE) in the patients with bronchial asthma.Methods  Fifty patients with bronchial asthma (experiment group) and twenty healthy controls (healthy control group)  were enrolled in the study.The asthma patients were divided into IgE  increased group (n= 25) and IgE normal group (n=25)according to the IgE level.The serum  IL-33 levels in peripheral blood of the subjects were examined by ELISA method.The IL-33 level,forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),and peak expiratory flow(PEF)  were compared among asthma patients at acute attack period or clinical control period and healthy controls.The correlation between the serum IL-33 level and lung function or IgE level was further analyzed.Results The serum IL-33 level in asthma patients at acute attack period was higher than that in healthy control group(P<0.05);the IL-33 level of the patients  in IgE increased  group was higher than that in IgE normal  group(P<0.05);the serum IL-33 level of the patients at clinical control period was lower than that of the patients at acute attack period(P<0.05),but it was still higher than that of healthy controls(P<0.05).The serum IL-33 level of the asthma patients at acute attack period showed  significantly negative correlation with FEV1 and PEF of the patients(r=－0.413,P= 0.003;r=－0.504,P<0.001);the serum IL-33 level of the  asthma patients at clinical control preriod  also showed  negative correlation with FEV1 and PEF of the  patients(r=－0.386,P=0.006;r=－0.324,P=0.022).Conclusion IL-33,as an inflammatory factor,participates in the  immune-inflammatory response of bronchial asthma,and may aggravate the lung function of asthma patients.

Objective
 To explore the changes and clinical significances of  subtypes of  T helper cells Th22,Th17, and Th1,which can produce interleukin 22(IL-22) and their cytokines in peripheral blood of the patients with systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE),and to provide basis for SLE treatment.Methods 30 patients with new onset SLE(SLE group) and 30 healthy controls(healthy control group) were selected.The expression ratios  of Th22,Th17 （IL-22+ Th17 and IL-22－ Th17）,Th1（IL-22+Th1 and IL-22－ Th1）cells in peripheral blood of the objects were compared by flow cytometry;while the levels of plasma  IL-22,IL-17,and interferon γ(IFN-γ) in the patients and healthy controls were measured by ELlSA method;the correlation between  the ratios of cells and the  expression levels of cytokines was analyzed by  Spearman correlation test.Results Compared with healthy control group,the ratios  of Th22,Th17,and IL-22+Th1 cells in peripheral blood of  the patients in  SLE group were siginificantly higher than those in healthy control group(P<0.05),and the expression levels of plasma  IL-22 and IL-17 of the patients in SLE group were also increased(P<0.05).A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the ratios of Th17 (IL-22+,IL-22－) and Th22 cells of the  patients in SLE group（r=0.721,P<0.0001;r=0.222,P=0.0132）.The ratio  of Th22 cells was positively correlated with the level of plasma IL-22 of the patients in SLE group (r=0.0326,P<0.0001).The ratios  of  IL-22+CD4+T and IL-22－Th17 cells in peripheral blood of the patients in SLE group were increased along with the increasing of the disease activity score of SLE (SLEDAI)(r=0.549,P=0.0003;r=0.231 P=0.028）.The ratios  of Th22 cells in the peripheral blood of  the SLE patients with facial erythema or hair loss,and  positive  anti nuclear antibody(ANA) were increased (P<0.05).The  ratios of Th17 cells (including IL-22+ and IL-22－Th17) in the SLE patients with light allergies or positive anti dsDNA  were also increased (P<0.05).Conclusion The IL-22+ CD4+T cells mainly including Th22 cells and their  cytokine IL-22 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE,which can be used  as a  bio-indicators for monitoring disease severity.

Objective
To compare the  clinical effects of  epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(FGFR-TKI) between the advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with unknown epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) mutation status　and mutation  advantage   whose  performance status(PS) score was 2 and the patients with  postive EGFR mutation,  and  to explore wether the clinical features of mutation advantage  can guide  the TKI treatment or not.Methods 70 lung adenocarcinoma patients’ clinical data,who were confirmed ⅢB-Ⅳ stage,PS score was 2,and treated with first-line TKI therapy, were analyzed retrospectivly.There were 35 cases of positive EGFR mutation   and  35 cases of unknown EGFR mutation status  but with mutation  advantage.Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve and Log-rank test was used to analyze the progression-free survival(PFS),overall survival(OS), and survival rates of the patients in two groups. Results The median PFS of  positive  EGFR mutation patients was 8.2 months,and it was 6.3 months in the patients with   EGFR unknown mutation status  but with mutation advantage.There was significant difference of the median PFS  between  two groups (P=0.043);the median OS of the  positive EGFR mutation patients was 17.1 months,and it was 9.4 months in the patients with  unknown  EGFR mutation status  but with  mutation advantage.There was significant difference of the median OS between  two groups (P=0.044); 1-year and 2-year survival rates of the positive  EGFR mutation patients  were 57.1% and 31.4%,and they were 37.1% and 20.0% in the patients with     unknown EGFR mutation status but with mutation advantage.There was significant difference of the survival rate between  two groups (P=0.047,P=0.049);the subgroup analysis results showed that the median PFS of the female (P=0.003),>60 years (P=0.048),without  smoking history (P=0.012),and  clinical stage  Ⅳ(P=0.049) patients in positive EGFR mutation group were higher than those of the patients in  unknoun EGFR mutation status but with  mutation advantage group.Conclusion The advanced lung adenocarcinoma  patients whose PS score was 2 with positive  EGFR mutation   have better clinical effect than the patients with  unknown  EGFR mutation status but with  advantage  when fist-line treated with  EGFR-TKI;the  female,>60 years,without smoking history,and clinical stage Ⅳ  are  the important factors of  median PFS.

Objective
To investigate the clinical effect of percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP) for curring osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture.Methods The clinical data of 126 patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were treated with PKP.The clinical effect was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) and  oswestry disability index (ODI).The  vertebral height  and  kyphotic angle were measured in  X-rays  plain-film. Results All patients were followed up  10 to 24 months with an average of 18 months.The VAS scores  of the  patients before operation,24 h after operation,and at final follow-up  were 7.9±1.2,3.2±1.1,and  2.1±0.8;the ODI were 83.7±4.9,33.2±3.9,and 27.8±3.6.respectively.The vertebral heights were (18.2±3.2) mm,(25.8±3.1) mm,and (24.9±3.2) mm,respectively; the  kyphotic angles were 17.2°±3.2°,8.4°±3.1°,and  9.1°±3.1°,respectively.There were significant differences of   all four indexes between  24 h after operation,6 months after operation,final follow-up and before operation（P<0.05）,but there were no significant differences of all four indexes between 24 h after operation,  6 months after operation and final follow-up（P＞0.05）.Conclusion PKP  is effective for treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture,which can expeditiously relieve pain and effectively recover the  vertebral height  and kyphotic angle.

Objective
 To compare the clinical efficiency of Path File rotary nickel-titanium files and stainless steel K-files in mechanical glide path and preflaring,and to evaluate the clinical efficiency of Path File.Methods 252 root canals in 80 patients needing root canal treatment were randomly divided into  experienced physicians  using Path File(DP) group,experienced physicians  using stainless steel K-files(DK) group,interns using path File(SP) group,and interns using stainless steel K-files (SK) group,and  there were 20 patients in each group.In mechanical glide path and preflaring，the Path File rotary nickel-titanium files were used in  DP and SP groups，while the stainless steel K-files were applied in the DK and SK groups.In both DP and DK groups，the building of mechanical glide path and root canal preflaring were operated by experienced physicians.In both SP and SK groups，the building of mechanical glide path and root canal preflaring were operated by interns.The time for mechanical glide path and root canal preflaring was compared between four groups.The visual analog pain score(VAS) value ruler was used to evaluate the occurrence of postoperative pain after root canal filling.The operating time,postoperative pain,and  root canal cleaning efficiency were compared between  four groups.Results The occurrence of postoperative pain in Path File groups (15%-20%) and in stainless steel K-files groups (25%－35%) was not statistically significant after preflaring(P>0.05).The operation time in  Path File groups was significantly shorter than that in  stainless steel K-files groups (7.44 min±3.58 min vs 2.21 min±2.31 min) by experienced physicians and (9.75 min±5.29 min) vs (4.07 min±6.41 min) by interns  (P<0.05).The cleaning  efficiency in Path File groups was higher than that in stainless steel K-files groups (85%－95% vs 30%－55%) (P<0.05).There were no significant differences of the  operating time,occurrence of postoperative pain,and root canal cleaning efficiency operated by physians or interns in Path File groups (P>0.05).Conclusion Compared with stainless steel K-files, Path File can make  mechanical glide path and preflaring in a very short period of time,so unexperienced  physians could reach an operator results as similar as the experienced  physians.

Objective
To compare the clinical effects between two-port thoracoscopic lobectomy(TPTL) and  traditional three-port thoracoscopic lobectomy(TTTL),and to charify the significance and value of TPTL in clinical treatment.Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 124 patients with lung cancer undergoing thoracoscopic  lobectomy were done, and the patients   were divided into two groups according to different surgical methods:TPTL group(n=60,TPTL and lymph nodes dissection) and TTTL group  (n=6,TTTL and lymph nodes dissection).The length of incision,mean operation time,average intraoperative bleeding,hydrochloride dosage,average postoperative chest tube duration,average postoperative hospital stay,and the number of the patients with upper limb discomfort after action 6 months after operation   in two groups were compared.Results The length of incision of the patients in  TPTL group was shorter than that in TTTL group(4.0 cm±0.2 cm, 6.2 cm±0.3 cm) (P<0.05).The hydrochloride dosage using after operation  of the patients in  TPTL group was less than that in  TTTL group (125 mg±35 mg,240 mg±46 mg)(P<0.05).There were 2 patients with upper limb discomfort after action 6 months after operation in  TPTL group and 11 patients in  TTTL group.There were  no differences of mean operation time,average intraoperative bleeding,average postoperative chest tube duration,and average postoperative hospital stay between two group(P>0.05).Conclusion Compared with TTTL,TPTL can reduce the length of incision,relieve postoperative pain,and improve postoperative life quality of the patients.

Objective
To investigate the insulin resistance (IR) and its related metabolic risk factors and to analyze the influence of IR in the different metabolic risk factors and their clusters among the Korean-Chinese and Han nationality people in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture area.Methods Six natural villages in Antu County of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture area were selected.Using epidemiological investigation methods combined with laboratory measurement,the body mess index (BMI),waist circumference (WC),blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose (FBG),triglycerides (TG),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and insulin levels in 7 856 persons (4 052  Korean-Chinese,3 804  Han nationality) were measured.The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) method was used to estimate the human IR (HOMA-IR),and metabolic syndrome (MS) was detected according to the Guidelines on “Prevention and Treatment of Blood Lipid Abnormality in Chinese Adult”.Results The prevalence rate of IR was 27.6% in Korean-Chinese and that was 22.3% in Han nationality,and the prevalence rates of MS were 28.2% and 18.9%,respectively. The detection rate of IR in Korean-Chinese was increased than that in Han nationality (P<0.001).The prevalence rates of metabolic risk factors and MS were progressively increased with the increasing of the HOMA-IR levels (P<0.001).The detection rates of IR in the Korean-Chinese people with one kind of metabolic risk factor were 17.1%,25.2% in two kinds of metabolic risk factors,38.7% in three kinds of metabolic risk factors,and 68.8% in more than four kinds of metabolic risk factors; they were 15.2%,25.2%,39.2%,and 60.4% in Han nationality(P<0.001).The Logistic regression analysis results showed that the relative risks (95% CI  of hyperglycemia,central obesity,low HDL-C,high TG and high BP for IR were 26.383 (18.654,37.314),2.042 (1.647,2.532),1.994 (1.736,2.291),1.455 (1.246,1.699),and 1.188 (1.031,1.368);and there were nationality differences in the influence of IR in the metabolic risk factors. There were nationality differences in the influence of IR in the risk of MS,and the relative risks (95% CI) of MS for IR were 4.649 (3.685,5.865) and 3.750 (2.849,4.936).Conclusion The detection rates of different metabolic risk factors and the risk of MS are significantly increased  with the increasing of IR.IR has different influence in the risk of different metabolic risk factors and MS,and there are nationality differences.

Objective
To determine the levels of acrylamide(AA) in fried and baked foods in Xianyang city of Shaanxi province and to provide basis for the estimation of dietary level of AA of citizens in Xianyang City. Methods 275 samples from 28 kinds of frequently edible fried and baked foods in Qindu area and Weicheng area of Xianyang city were selected.The levels of AA in the foods were detected using the method of GB/T5009.204-2005. Results A total of 275 samples in two classes 28 kinds of fried and baked foods were determined,and the levels of AA ranged from 7 to 1 044  μg?kg-1.The levels of AA in tried foods ranged from 26 to 1 044  μg?kg-1,the mean value was 318  μg?kg-1.Potato chips had the highest level of AA(the mean value was 898  μg?kg-1),and instant noodle had the lowest level of AA( the mean value was 42  μg?kg-1);the levels of AA in baked foods ranged from 7  to 545  μg?kg-1,and the mean value was 113  μg?kg-1.Baked steamed bread slice had the highest level of AA (the mean value was mean 322  μg?kg-1),and BangBang mo had the lowest level of AA (the mean value was 34  μg?kg-1);there was significant difference of  AA level   between the fired foods and the baked foods　(t=8.97,P<0.05）,and there was no significant difference of  AA  level  between the  fired foods (F=0.753,P>0.05）and the  baked foods (F=0.163,P>0.05）selected from supermarkets,stands,and restaurants. Conclusion 28 kinds of fried and baked foods surveyed in Xianyang city of Shaanxi province contain a certain amount of AA,so it is absolutely necessary to assess the dietary level of AA.

Objective
To study the sitiation of respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) infection of the  children under 14 years old with acute respiratory infection in Inner Mongolia,and to clarify the epidemiology trend of RSV infection of children in Inner Mongolia.Methods From January 2009 to October 2012,3 207 acute respiratory infections and pneumonia samples from the  children under 14 years old  were collected in west,middle,and east areas of Inner Mongolia.Part of RSV genes were amplified by real-time fluorescence RT-PCR method.The RSV positive rates of samples were analyed between different areas,ages,and months.Results 224 positive samples were detected from 3 207 samples,the positive rate was 6.98%.RSV can be detected all of the year,the detection rate reached the  peak period  from October to March of the following year.The patients with different ages had different susceptibilities for RSV,and the RSV infection rate of the patients under 3 years old was higher than that of the  patients over 3 years old(χ2=31.89，P<0.01).1-6 months infants had the highest infection rate(19.61%),and the infection rates were gradually declined as the age increasing.The patients with different genders  had different infection rates,male∶female =1.37∶1.The RSV infected patients   distributed in east,middle,and west areas of Inner Mongolia,and there were no significant  differences of RSV infection between the patients in different areas(χ2=0.207，P>0.05).Conclusion RSV  distributes in all Inner Mongolia regions,and the peak period of incidence  is the winter and spring;the children under 3 years old have high susceptibility.

Objective To probe the  culture conditions and identification method of the fluoride-resistant strain of Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans)　and to provide theoretical basis for identifying fluoride-resistant strain of S.mutans.Methods In the microaerobic conditions(95%N2,5%CO2),the S.mutans UA159 were induced with NaF concentration gradient,and the fluoride-resistant strain of S.mutans was  obtained.The bacteria was confirmed in terms of the phenotype and genotype.16S rDNA cloning identification of this bacteria was done by physiological and biochemical identification and PCR methods. The phenotypic characteristics of the strain was observed.Results In the microaerobic conditions(95%N2,5%CO2), the fluoride-resistant strain was obtained.The phenotypic characteristics observation,physiological and biochemical identification,and the identification of 16S rDNA results showed that this strain possessed fluoride-resistant stability,and the homology of this bacteria with S.mutans UA159 was 100%,and it was confirmed that this strain was the fluoride-resistant strain of S.mutans.Conclusion The culture conditions of fluoride-resistant strain of S.mutans  are microaerobic conditions(95%N2,5%CO2) in the  brain heart infusion(BHI) substrate for 48 h.S.mutans UA159 induced with NaF is identified as  S.mutans UA159-FR.

Objective  To explore the feasibility of quantitatively measuring the concentrations of vitamin  C (Vc) in         dark colour fruits and vegetables detected by  automatic potentiometric titration and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and to provide experimental basis  for measurement  of Vc concentrations in  a few or amount of fruits and vegetables.Methods 15 kinds of fruits and 15 kinds of vegetables sold in supermarket were selected.After adding a small quantity of oxalic acid,these samples were crisped,filtered, and centrifuged sequentially,and then the concentrations of Vc in upper clean liquid were determined by automatic potentiometric titration and HPLC method.Accuracy and precision  test  for  the same sample were also done with two methods.Results There were no significant  differences between the detection results of Vc  concentrations detected   by  two  methods  (P>0.05), and the recovery  rates in red pepper detected with automatic potentiometric titration and HPLC methods were 98.34%-103.98%  and  99.66%-101.49%,respectively; the relative standard deviation (RSD)  were 1.77% -2.88%  and  0.15%-0.32%,respectively. The HPLC data had good linear relationship (R2 =0.999　9). Conclusion The two kinds of  test  methods are  ideal  methods for the determination of  Vc concentrations in dark colour  fruits and vegetables.They both have good accuracy and precision for the requirement of quantity analysis.

Objective  To establish an high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method for the determination of oleanolic acid-3-O-β-D- pyran glucuronide concentration in Xinlüning capsule,and to examine the various factors that affect the determination of oleanolic acid-3-O-β-D-pyran glucuronide concentration in Xinlüning capsule.Methods HPLC method was used to detect the concentrantion of oleanolic acid-3-O-β-D-pyran glucuronide.  Chromatogyaphic assay was performed with HypersilC18（4.6 mm×250.0 mm,5.0 μm）column  and acetonitrile-1% glacial acetic acid (56∶44).The column temperature was set at 30℃ and the wavelength was 210 nm and the flow rate  was 1.00 mL?min-1.Results Under this condition,the recorery rate of  oleanolic acid-3-O-β-D- pyran glucuronide   was 97.4% with the relative standard deviation(RSD) of 1.4%.The calibration curve showed good linearity in the range of 14.80-26.64  μg(γ=0.999 9).Conclusion The detection  of  the concentration of oleanolic acid-3-O-β-D-pyran glucuronide in Xinlüning capsule by HPLC method is simple and accurate,which can be used as the quality control method of Xinglüning capsule.

Objective
 To establish an high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method for the determination of concentrations of  five active ginsenosides （Rg1,Re,Rb1,Rb2,and Rd）in Life-Source Ginsenosides Complex,and to provide  basis for the quality control of industrial production.Methods HPLC method was used to determine the concentrations of five ginsenosides in Life-Source Ginsenosides Complex.The developed conditions of HPLC were as follows:   Alltima C18 (250.0 mm × 4.6 mm,5.0  μm） column;A gradient elution was applied by mixing mobile phase A and B,which consisted of acetonitrile and  0.1% phosphoric acid,respectively;the flow rate was 1.0 mL?min-1，and the detector wave length was 203 nm and the column temperature was 40℃.Results The calibration curve showed good linearity,and the values of correlation coefficient were higher than 0.999 1 for all the analytes,and the average recovery rates were ranged from 99.5% to 102.6%.The relative standard deviation (RSD) detected by  accuracy,stability and repetability tests of five ginsenosides were 0.35%-0.76%,0.74%-1.44%,and 0.78%-1.47%,respectively.Conclusion  The detection of ginsenosides in Life-Soure Ginsenosides Complex with HPLC method is accurate,easy and reproducible,which can be applied to quality control of the Life-Source Ginsenosides Complex.