Three stability control strategies, including the frontwheel(FW) control, the yawrate feedback control as well as the yawrate and acceleration feedback control, were proposed for the FW steerbywire(SBW) system based on the fact that the steeringratio varies with the vehicle speed and the steering wheel angle. Theses strategies were evaluated by the tests on the driving simulator. The forwardfeed and backfeed control strategies in the fourwheel(4W) SBW system were studied in the case of rearwheel active steering, and compared with FW SBW and traditional 4W steering system. The results of simulations and driving simulator tests indicate that 4W SBW can improve effectively the vehicle handling and stability.

The effects of soybean oil methyl ester biodiesel fractions from 0 to 30% in the dieselbiodiesel fuel blend on the exhaust pollutant emission behavior on the combustion characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine were investigated experimentally without engine modification. The results show that the power output of the engine decreases with the increase of the biodiesel fraction, but the power decrease is little at low biodiesel fraction, for fuel B10(with 10% biodiesel in fuel blend) only by 1.2%. With the increase of the biodiesel fraction, the engine brake specific fuel consumption increases, CO,HC and the smoke emissions decrease, NOx emissions increase but only a little. The in cylinder maximum combustion pressure and the maximum heat release rate reduce, while their corresponding crank angles delay, and the similar are for the beginning and end of the combustion. The ignition delay period and combustion duration increase for the more biodiesel blended fuel.

The effects of ignition timing and methanol injection timing on unregulated exhaust emissions (formaldehyde and unburned methanol emissions) of the methanol engine during cold start were investigated experimentally using a singlecycle methanol injection strategy on a 125 mL singlecylinder fourstroke electronically controlled fuel injection sparkignition engine. The results showed that the ignition timing and the methanol injection timing affect the formaldehyde and the unburned methanol emissions significantly. At the ignition timing of -20 °CA ATDC and the methanol injection timing of 471 °CA ATDC, the firing performance of methanol engine is the best, the incylinder pressure is the highest, the unburned methanol emission is the lowest and the formaldehyde emission is the highest. The variations in emitted formaldehyde and unburned methanol show opposite tendencies with the variations in the ignition timing and the methanol injection timing.

The in cylinder processes of an automotive turbocharged common rail diesel engine using close post fuel injection strategy under high load conditions were numerically computed by means of the 3D CFD software FIRE. The effects of the close post injection fuel amount and the interval between the main and the post fuel injections  on the combustion process were analyzed. The computed results show that with the increase of the post injection fuel amount and the injection interval, the in cylinder maximum combustion pressure and temperature as well as the heat release rate reduce, the centroid of the heat release rate diagram shifts backward, and all these result in less NOx emissions and worse fuel economy. The increase of the post injection, on one hand, enhances the penetration of fuel spray, increases the fuel vapor in the high temperature oxygen insufficient region near the combustion chamber wall, so enhances the soot generation, on the other hand, the post injection strengthens the disturbance effect to the flow field, may entrain more oxygen into the combustion product zone and accelerates the oxidation of generated soot. So, appropriate selection of the post injection amount may result in lower soot emission. When the interval between injections too large, there is an obvious rising trend of soot emission.

This paper investigates the thermal efficiency of Internal Combustion Ranking Cycle (ICRC) by simulation. The operating cost of the use of ICRC in large public transport bus is also evaluated. Results show that the thermal efficiency of ICRC can be achieved as high as 55.6%, and the operating cost of ICRC is reduced by 6% in comparison with conventional diesel engine. The ICRC engine has potential future market because of its excellent emission performance accompanying with affordable CO2 capturing technology.

Three estimation models were built to improve the estimation accuracy of the average travel speed(ATS) on the congested arterial road segment based on the spot traffic parameters. The traffic flow characteristics of the signalized intersection of the arterial road and the relationship between the spot traffic parameters and the ATS were analyzed, and the average section speed measured by the loop detectors laid on the downstream sections was used as the basis of the model. These models were analyzed comparatively by the traffic simulations. The results show that the proposed fullstate ATS estimation model significantly outperforms the competitors, and the two substate ATS estimation models based on the modulus coefficient may improve the estimation accuracy under the congestion traffic condition.

A combined dynamic modeling was proposed to forecast the traffic volume time series. Taking the characteristic of the road traffic volume into account, the traffic volume time series was decomposed into the cyclic item, the tendentious item, and the chaotic disturbing item. The sum of cyclic and tendentious items was forcast by the seasonal index smoothing method. The cycle of the computation was set at one day and one week, and the weights were determined by the recursive least square method with the forgetting factor. The chaotic item was forecast by the adjacent domain method. The results of forecasting the real traffic volume time series show that the traffic volume is interrelated with the states of the preceding day and preceding week. The remnant after removal by the seasonal index smoothing forecast is chaotic. The averag relative error of the one week traffic volume forecast with different statistic gaps is less than 9%.

The on line traffic control and route guidance collaboration mode selection was realized by the Q learning algorithm. Using the multiintelligence agents trained with the Qlearning algorithm, the optimal collaboration mode was obtained under different traffic conditions according to the inner inference of the multiintelligence agent. So,the on line selection and switching of the traffic control and route guidance collaboration mode was accomplished. The simulation results show that the proposed collaboration mode selection method based on the Q learning is characterized by better collaboration control effect under the ordinary traffic congestion condition and more adaptive to constantly changing traffic condition than the traditional off line mode selection method. The proposed method is helpful to avoiding the heavy traffic congestion and improving the traffic network performance.

Considering the superiority of the wavelet theory in dealing with the timevarying informations, a combined method was proposed based on the wavelet analysis and the BP neural network to predict the trend of the traffic parameters more accurately. The new method is characterized by general adaptability because of the strategy combining the wavelet theory and the neural network. It is simpler than the traditional waveletbased combined method, providing the possibility of application in the realtime large amount computation. The method was verified by the practical traffic data and compared with the traditional equivalence. The results show that the proposed method leads to better prediction, is applicable for the real condition.

The shortcomings of current traffic information collection and processing methods were analyzed. Based on IPv6, a framework was designed for the Intelligent Traffic Systems (ITS) with new method of information collection and processing. By using C language and data generated by VISSIM traffic simulation software, the method can realize intelligent matching of vehicles, roads, persons and buildings. The method supports ITS by providing both the realtime track of a microvehicle and the judgment of realtime regional traffic status.

The drawbacks of the traditional disaggregate models were analyzed and a new idea to investigate the traffic mode split under congestion pricing was proposed based on the mixed logit model. A traffic mode selection model was built based on the mixed logit model and the real inhabitant travel behavior data. The model was calibrated and simulated by the software SAS, including the Monte Carlo simulation. It was proved that the model is accurate and serviceable. The change of the traffic mode split under different congestion pricing rate can be predicted by the sensitivity analysis with the introduction of congestion pricing. The suggested model provides an approach to the analysis of travel behavior and the study of traffic impacts under the policy of congestion pricing, as well as the evaluation of other policies for travel demand management.

A new method for bicycle detection is presented. This method is different from the traditional video detection framework of background model with background update and foreground detection. A window classifier is constructed by histograms of oriented gradients and support vector machine classifier to explore that whether a bicycle exists in the window space or not. The classifier is trained by bicycle and nonbicycle samples to get the classify mode. Accordingly, the method can satisfy the need to detect bicycle under fixing and moving camera conditions. In experiment, 700 bicycle samples and 500 nonbicycle samples were trained to get the classify mode of the window classifier. Bicycle videos include different traffic conditions were tested and results validate the proposed method.

In order to establish an accurate model of debris kinetic behavior in vehicle crash which is easy to apply for practical traffic accident reconstruction, the criterions of bounce, slide and rollslide after the collision of the vehicle debris with the ground were proposed based on the modern contact dynamics theory, combined with the properties of the debris material, a generalized kinetic behavior model of the debris in vehicle collision was built. The validity of the behavior model was verified by the simulating crash test device developed by authors. The results show that the relative error between the value calculated by the behavior model and the tested value is less than 7%. The built model makes up the deficiency of the existed models, its application is more specific and accurate than existed ones, expanding the application potential of vehicle crash debris for traffic accident reconstruction.

An inorganic adhesive, whose strength at 600 ℃ is not lower than that at normal room temperature, was developed and used to bond CFRP sheets to strengthen concrete slabs. Experiments were carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of four strengthened slabs that had experienced fire. The flexural failure processes of the slabs were observed. Flexural carrying capacity of the slabs and the loadingdisplacement curves in the midspan were obtained and analyzed. Results show that the strength of CFRP sheets bonded with the inorganic adhesive can be played fully when temperature that the sheets have experienced is below 300 ℃ in fire. Based on the results, the formula to calculate the flexural carrying capacity and the calculation method of the stiffness were presented. The calculation values are in good agreement with that of experiment results.

The microstructure and phase constitution of alloy Mg-11Y-2.5Zn surface modified by melting and resodification by a  6.0 kW continuous wave CO2 laser were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer and laser cofocused SEM, and its hardness change was measured by Vickers. The results revealed that the modified surface layer consists of a melted zone and a heat affected zone, the microstructure in the melted zone is considerably finer with correspondingly higher hardness. The tribological properties of the alloy were investigated in ascast state and after laser treatment under a load range of 20~320 N and a sliding velocity of 0.785 m/s on a tester with a pinondisc configuration. The results show that there was no obvious difference in their friction factors, but the laser surface treated alloy exhibited better wear resistance due to finer microstructure and higher hardness. The morphology analysis of the worn surfaces by SEM showed that their wear mechanism is basically the same, in the light wear stage the dominant are the abrasive and peeling wear, and in the serious wear stage are wear due to heat softening and melting of the surface.

A three dimensional transient temperature field model was built for the YAG pulsed laser processing the conrod fracture splitting notch by the finite element method. The form of heat load, the laser defocus amount, the thermophysical parameters of the workpiece material, the element birth and death in the processing were discussed. The moving laser processing the splitting notch on C70S6 high carbon microalloy nonhardeningandtempering steel was simulated numerically, and the depth and the width of the notch as well as the temperature field were obtained under different pocessing parameters. The effects of the laser spot diameter, the laser power, the laser pulse width and the processing speed on the notch processing were summarized. The results of the simulation were compared with the experiment ones and the optimized parameters of the laser processing the conrod fracture splitting notch were proposed.

A new rollover prevention system(ROPS) was designed for the heavyduty wheel loader by static elastoplastic nonlinear analysis method and lab test technology. A whole loader model including ROPS was built for the dynamic rollover simulation. The initial boundary conditions of rollover were given to perform the simulation. Nine typical rollover cases were simulated by the dynamic explicit finite element method. The dynamic response characteristics of ROPS, such as the dynamic rollover posture, the energy absorption, the impact force as well as the deformation pattern of the plastic hinge were obtained during the simulation process. The loader slides along the slope and finally collides with the horizontal ground without rolling around its longitudinal axis by 360° except the case of slope angle 45° and friction factor 0.6. Under a constant slope both the impact force on ROPS and the kinetic energy absorbed by the loader increase along with going up of the friction factor. Under a constant friction factor, there is a complicated relation among the impact force and kinetic energy, and the slope angle. The obtained results can provide a basis for drafting the dynamic lab test procedure and standard for wheel loader ROPS.

A piezoelectric power generator was proposed to supply realtime electric energy to the tire pressure monitoring sensor(TPMS). According to the structural feature of TPMS, a scheme was suggested in which the generator is fixed to the wheel hub and generates the electric energy using the vibration energy during the wheel rotation. The power performance of the generator under different installations of the cantilever beam piezoelectric vibrator was investigated experimentally. The results show that the installation of vibrator vertical to the wheel hub as well as to the wheel rolling direction is the best, it can avoid the impact of the centrifugal force, make use of the energy of the multidirectional vibrations in the plane of wheel. Thus installed generator with 4×45 mm×15 mm×0.2 mm  cantilever beam piezoelectric vibrators connected in parallel can satisfy the power demand by TPMS.

A non contact, high precision shaft diameter measuring technique was proposed combining the CCD camera calibration and subpixel edge detection. Based on the improved distortion model of ZHANG Zhengyou, the parameters of the CCD camera were calibrated fixing the calibration board by a specially designed fixture to ensure the agreement between the clamped state of the measure shaft and the calibrated external parameters. A fitting form of subpixel edge detection algorithm was used to localize the two edges in the shaft image. An expression to determine the real shaft diameter from the pseudodiameter was derived. The comparison of the measuring results with those obtained by the traditional precision measuring tool showed that for the basic dimension of measured shaft diameter 35~75 mm the average error of the proposed technique is about 0.02 mm.

A single camera method based on the optical probe imagery to measure the 3D coordinates was proposed to meet the demand of the modern manufacturing industry on the high precision large scale 3D on line measuring technology. The method uses the information acquired by a single camera, takes the optical point as the imaging target. The solving relationship between the feature point and the corresponding image point were established using the known knowledge about geometric constraints between the feature points by analyzing the 2D image coordinates of optical feature points in the optical probe. The spatial position coordinates were determined by the pose estimation optimization algorithm based on the singular value decomposition. The 3D coordinates of the measured point were determined by the known position constraint between the feature point and the measuring tip. So realized the measurment of 3D coordinates. The experimental measurment results show that the method is feasible with a measuring uncertainty less than 0.32 mm.

The relationships between the mass stability and the dynamics of the selfcleaning structure of the dragonfly wing were analyzed by the finite element method. The results show that the natural frequency of the dragonfly wing is greater than its flap frequency, avoiding effectively the resonance. However, the natural frequency of the polluted wing drops to close to the flap frequency, leading easily to disastrous consequences. The selfcleaning structures in the dragonfly wing surface guarantee the dyanmics of its structural stability, which provides a new idea and approach to aircraft stability design.

A measuring system to detect the damage threshold of the liquid crystal(LC) as the laser penetrates the LC was built and its two schemes were designed. The diaphanous mechanism of the LC mask by laser penetration, the changing process of the LC molecules and the threshold of the LC by laser penetration were studied. The results show that the laser spatial energy distribution can be well adjusted by controlling LC. The transmission rate of the laser penetrating LC depends on the polarizing direction of the incident laser. The damage threshold of the energy density of the laser penetrating LC is 1.27~1.42 J/cm2.

A system of vertical handoff for heterogeneous wireless network based on (Virtual Private Network (VPN) on invehicle gateway was designed and implemented. It provides a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) card, which supports 802.11 protocol on the invehicle gateway, and a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) wireless communication module to support both WLAN and Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN). A virtual network interface was implemented to achieve the independence between the application level program communication and lowlevel protocol, so that it can realize seamless connection of the heterogeneous wireless networks. Experiment results show that this invehicle gateway system can be widely applied in invehicle system with low power consumption and low operational ability.

In this paper, a training method of Multidimensional Support Vector Machines (MSVM) is proposed, and a P2P network traffic identification model is constructed based on MSVM. The model uses MSVM classification to identify all P2P traffic. Data capture module, feature extraction module, data preprocessing module and MSVM training modules are used to classify all kinds of network traffic into P2P traffic and NonP2P traffic. Then by construction of MSVM library, the specific P2P traffic and unknown P2P traffic can be identified. The feature information of unknown P2P traffic is extracted by data acquisition module, feature extraction module, data preprocessing module and MSVM training modules, and then is added to the MSVM support vector library for future P2P traffic identification. Theoretical analysis and numerical experiments show that the constructed model can achieve better identification results with desired accuracy.

A reconstruction method which does not depend on pure numerical data was presented. Each sample of the dataset is corresponding to a group of genes, which is contained in one pathway branch. Under the premise that genes represent indifferent samples may share the same transduction order, a firstorder Markov chain model is built; then an ExpectationMaximization (EM) algorithm is used to estimate model parameters so as to reveal the regulative among genes; finally, the network topology is reconstructed according to the above results. The proposed method can compensate the insufficiency of many reconstruction algorithms and has more biological significance. The effectiveness of the algorithm is validated by reconstruction of Protein Kinase A (PKA) and MitogenActivated Protein Kinase (MAPK)/Extracellular signalregulated Kinase (ERK) pathways.

Traditional methods of differentially expressed genes analysis used only one single dataset of a study, so they couldn't handle the heterogeneity between studies and lead to inconsistency of analysis results. To overcome the above shortcoming, we proposed the concept of integrationdriven exclusion, designed and implemented an algorithm to use several datasets of different studies. In this algorithm we presented a metaanalysis tool to identify differentially expressed genes. Using datasets GDS2490 and GDS2491 from GEO, we compared this algorithm with the method of significance analysis of microarrays. Experiment results show that the designed algorithm can identify differentially expressed genes accurately by integrationdriven excluding, handle heterogeneity between studies effectively. This algorithm provides a new approach to identify differentially expressed genes.

A randomized reinforcement learning approach for Web Service (WS) composition is proposed to determine the optimal WS to execute the task in a predefined process model. This approach can learn the optimal task allocation policy corresponding to the task in a given model based on actual performance of WS. It can also identify the optimal WS corresponding to the task in a given model based on task allocation policy. By this approach, the coordinated execution can continually satisfies user's service request to the optimal levels. Compared with other similar methods, the approach integrates the exploitation of acquired data about the past performance of individual services with the optimal, undirected, continual exploration of new composition according to QoS actual performance so as to learn the optimal WS composition corresponding to the process method. The relation between exploitation and exploration is accounted for discussing the range of the entropy.

The number of known complexes recalled by the existing algorithms of clustering in proteinprotein interaction network is very limited. To solve this problem, a new distance measurebased algorithm for identification of protein complexes, named IPCDM, is proposed based on our discovery that most of the shortest paths between proteins complexes are no more than two. A new seedextension model is also proposed to improve the precision of protein complexes discovery. Experiment results on yeast protein interaction network show that more known protein complexes are recalled by IPCDM than by other typical algorithms: MCODE, ENSC, CFinder, LCMA and DPClus.

Using multiple copies method of epidemic routing we propose a redundancy removing method for message copies based on the threshold of  encounter number of mobile Sink nodes each other. The method not only guarantees the successful transfer of message but also effectively decreases copies in the network to reduce the consumption of resource, buffer, bandwidth and energy caused by large amount of copies. Theoretical analysis and simulation experiment show that the delivery efficiency stays the same, the delay and hop count do not increase with the appropriate threshold.

A novel moving object detection algorithm is presented, which is based on the intensity and texture integral feature of the infrared image of the object. The algorithm applies Sugeno fuzzy measure and fuzzy integral to integrate the intensity and texture feature of local binary pattern, and classifies the foreground and background. It can accurately detect the object under complex background, such as picture inversion and low signaltonoise ratio. Experiment results indicate that moving object can be correctly detected by this algorithm, which ensures further object recognizing and tracking.

In this paper a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image target extraction method based on Kernel Singular Value Decomposition (KSVD) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is proposed. First it acquires the nonlinear algebraic feature of SAR images by performing KSVD; then obtains the last discriminating feature using PCA; and finally the nearest neighbor classifier is used for recognition. The KSVD and PCA are carried out on MSTAR tank dataset in comparison with traditional PCA, SVD, KSVD and Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA). Experiment results demonstrate that the KSVD and PCA method proposed in this paper is effective for SAR image target feature extraction. Not only the right recognition rate is higher of the new method but also it is not sensitive to target azimuth.

To reduce the redundant pixels in the template of existing projection methods and the invalid projection calculation in matching process, a fast image matching method based on projective feature is proposed. This method is based on the projection matching principle and target object's characteristics of the minimum aspect ratio rectangle. It constructs a parallelogram template and uses 4direction chain code to achieve the template projection transformation. In the process of image matching, based on the value range of the data gotten after template projection and dynamic threshold sequential similarity detection principle, realtime gray value judgment is realized during the projection transformation. Experiment results show that, compared with other image matching algorithms, the proposed method possesses significant advantage in computational speed.

In order to better express the texture information of Xinjiang folk art patterns, variable parameters of the Gray Level Cooccurrence Matrix (GLCM) were proposed. First, by testing the effect of different parameters on the important features of Xinjiang folk art patterns, the relationship between the features and different parameters was obtained. The ranges of the variable parameters to make the texture feature more stable were determined. Then, the robustness of these features was analyzed when the image was rotated or its size was changed or noise was added. Experiment results provide valuable reference for extraction of texture features of xinjiang folk art patterns.

Two heavy manipulators need to be controlled coordinately when they are grasping one workpiece to avoid the damage of the workpiece. A whole coordinate control method is designed, which includes a decisionmaking layer and an execution layer. First, an objective model for the decision tree is proposed by means of constructing a new fuzzy neural network, which especially adapts to process identification. Then a new kind of decision tree with membership function is designed to provide uplayer coordinate policy and fuzzy input of each singlecontroller in the lowlayer. Finally, the fuzzy neural network controller executes the policy and thus to complete the whole adaptive coordinate control of the two heavy manipulators. The proposed coordinate control method is verified by simulation of the manipulators and experiments of hydraulic cylinders in comparison with passive compliance and PID control.

A new surveillance color constancy algorithm is proposed. It is used in machine vision recognition to solve illumination adjustment due to color temperature variation. According to the human visual contrast resolution limit rule, the parabola function is adopted to take brightness gain. The image illumination values are mapped into superior experimental scope. Experiment results show that the algorithm can achieve the desired visual adjustment effect, and enhance the recognition rate effectively. It does not need to transform the RGB to another color space, so the computation can be faster.

By extension of previously developed combinatorial double auction based resource allocation and pricing method into a singleitem multiunit environment, a new method is proposed. The characteristics of the new method, such as incentive compatibility, budgetbalance and mechanism efficiency are analyzed. An improved strategy to obtain the adjustable income of the auctioneer is also proposed. Experiment results show that the proposed method can gain the whole allocation and price information. Moreover, compared with the traditional Multiunit Double Auction (MDA), the new method can achieve a higher node trade rate and a lower efficiency loss rate, as well as guarantee the income of the auctioneer.

In this paper, a firenew framework by adaptively combining two separation systems was proposed for BSS in an attempt to put together the best properties of them. A smoothing factor was used to adjust the proportion of the two components, and its adaptive updating rule was obtained based on the stochastic gradient schemes of the cost function. The resulting algorithm is shown to outperform its two components in both stationary and nonstationary environments.

An efficient iterative receiver was proposed for LowDensity ParityCheck (LDPC) coded MultiInput MultiOutput (MIMO) system. On one hand, the unbiased Minimum MeanSquare Error (MMSE) Iterative Tree Search (ITS) detector was improved by adding one bit complement sequences. Compared with the original detector, the improved detector is more robust and provides high performance at lower complexity. One the other hand, a low complexity LDPC decoder was given. The proposed decoder not only has low computing complexity but also converges very fast (about 5 iterations is sufficient). Simulation results show that the whole receiver proves good system performance with reduced complexity.

In underwater digital speech communication, because of the existence of noise, some error codes can be generated at the receiver. To reduce these error codes and achieve credible transmission of underwater digital speech signals, Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code, whose performance approaches Shannon limit, is introduced to underwater digital speech communication. Based on the characteristics of speech encoded algorithm, (1152, 576) LDPC code is selected and compared with (2, 1, 8) convolutioncode. Experiment results show that the communication is reliable under the condition that signal to noise ratio larger than 1.5 dB in the underwater communication system.

Abstract：NLOS identification is capable to provide significant prior information in IRUWB localization. Regarding NLOS identification as a hypothesis test and according to the statistic property of UWB localization error, the probability of NLOS identification is proposed based on the error distribution. The closedform expression of probability density function of the localization error under NLOS condition is derived. The solution of identification probability is obtained in term of theoretical analysis. The impacts of localization error are evaluated numerically with simulation. It is demonstrated that the proposed probability of NLOS identification can reach over 90% in certain false alarm.

According to the Quality of Service (QoS) definition of traffic flows by WiMAX and the existing scheduling framework, an improved scheduling algorithm (ICBQ) is proposed, which is suitable for WiMAX uplink. The algorithm resolves the problem that lowpriority flow can not receive service for a pretty long time when the load of the system is heavy. Simulation results show that the improved algorithm gives much higher scheduling opportunities to nonrealtime Polling Service (nrtPS), Best Effort (BE) traffic flows, the system bandwidth is utilized effectively, fairness between users is improved, at the same time, QoS of realtime Polling Service (rtPS) traffic flow is not lowered.

The tree routing in ZigBee network was investigated indepth, and an improved routing algorithm (NTR) by using neighbor table was proposed. This algorithm first finds the common neighbor nodes between the source nodes and destination nodes first; then establishes a strategy for selection of neighbor nodes. The NTR algorithm enables the original tree routing more flexible, saves the address space and improves routing efficiency. Tests show that NTR can reduce the network costs and endtoend delays; thus the energy consumption can be saved and realtime effect of the network can be enhanced.

Since route flapping weakens the quality of service in Ad hoc networks, this paper proposes two protocols of multiple route maintenance based on Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV). In the first protocol, called AODV-CRM protocol, the complete routes from the origination are maintained. It gets all available routes between the origination and the destination, and any two of these routes share no common middle nodes. The second protocol, called AODV-SRM protocol, chooses a route maintenance method according to network topology. If there are multiple routes between the origination and the destination, the backup routes are maintained. Otherwise, a recursive method is applied from the origination to the destination until one node gets multiple subroutes to the destination. We first analyze the performance of the two protocols against route flapping; then carry out simulations by NS-2. Results show that the two proposed protocols with backup routes perform better against route flapping than the existing protocols. The control message cost of AODV-SRM is less than that of AODV-CRM.

To improve the performance of conventional SingleCarrier Frequency Domain Equalizations (SCFDE), PAKE receiver is introduced to the nonspreadspectrum SC transmission system. First, the initial estimate of the transmitted data is obtained by SCFDE; then all the multipath signals can be constructed by this initial solution and channel state information. Using interference cancellation technique, each multipath component in the received signal can be acquired by canceling the sum of all other constructed multipath signals. Finally, the components are combined together in frequencydomain before demodulation in timedomain. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out in three different channels and SCPDE adopts Zero Forcing (ZF) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) algorithm separately. Simulation results show that among Selection Combining (SC), Equal Gain Combing (EGC) and Maximal Ratio Combing (MRC) techniques, MRC achieves the best performance.

A new multiantenna receiver is proposed based on Maximal Ratio Combing (MRC) and spatial filtering, which can solve the problems of both fading and cochannel interferences in multiuser mobile communication system. The outage probability and Bit Error Ratio (BER) approximate performance of multiantenna system are analyzed in Nakagamim fading channels with multiuser interferences. It is demonstrated that the new multiantenna receiver improves the communication performance of multiuser system over fading channels through comparing with spatial filtering or MRC performance.

A rate control method is proposed for lowbitrate Group of Pictures (GOP) based video coding. In this method both source distortions and channel distortions are taken into account. Based on a dynamic endtoend rate distortion model, a minimum cost optimization algorithm is employed to search the optimal bit allocation and quantization parameter for each frame in one GOP. Simulation results show that, compared with JVTG012, under the same rate constraint the proposed method can achieve up to 1 dB average gain on Peak SignaltoNoise Ratio (PSNR) for videos containing medium or high speed motion.

In this paper the morphology Haar wavelet and mathematic morphology are integrated and employed to detect the RegionofInterest (ROI) of the targets. An image is decomposed with morphology Haar wavelet first; then considering the feature of target ROI detection, new ROI detection operator is applied only in the field of the scale signals to complete the target ROI detection. Simulation results indicate that the proposed detection method can find complete target ROI detection with high detection ratio and low false alarm ratio. It can save both operation time and hardware, thus reduce the cost of the system.

A novel phase noise measurement system is proposed base on equivalent phase comparison frequency. Using the regularity variation of the phase difference between frequency signals, linear phase comparison can be made without the normalization of the frequency signals. Phase difference information is achieved by irregular phase detector. The voltage control signal of reference source can be obtained after the information is processed by LPF and related signal circuits. Then phase lock can be realized, and the phase noise information of the measured signals can be extracted. The phase noise information is sent to a spectrum analyzer, thus high precision measurement of phase noise is realized. The system can measure phase noise between any frequency signals using high precision reference source of low phase noise in a wide voltage control. Experimental and analytical results show that the design of the system is rational and advanced. Compared with conventional phase noise measurement, the measurement precision of the proposed system is higher, its circuit structure is simpler and its cost is lower.

The algorithm based on Shannon energy is improved for robust segmentation of heart sound with murmurs. First, the heart sound signal is preprocessed by wavelet to eliminate background noises and highfrequency murmurs. Then, the highorder Shannon entropy of signal is calculated as envelope to overcome the interference of lowfrequency murmurs. Finally, the envelope is segmented into four parts: the first heart sound, the systolic period, the second heart sound, and the diastolic period according to physiology knowledge; and the accurate boundaries of the segmentation are detected. The algorithm was tested using normal and abnormal clinical data. The results show that the correct ratio of the algorithm is over 96%.

An unconditionally stable Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method using the principle of Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) is presented. The ADIFDTD is used to transient analysis of transmission line. The relation of telegraph equation recursion of the transmission line based on ADIFDTD is derived. The terminal conditions of the transmission line are defined. The unconditional stability of the ADIFDTD is theoretically analyzed. The ADIFDTD overcomes the constraints of the CourantFriedrichLevy condition, and the maximum time step size is only limited by numerical errors. Results of numerical experiments confirm that the ADIFDTD is consistent with the conventional FDTD; however, its efficiency is higher and it can be widely used in cases that long time is need to approach stable.

A new cooperative guidance to control impact time and impact angle for multimissiles is proposed. The guidance consists of two stages: the first stage is to control the time accurately and to control the angle approximately, and the second stage is to control the angle accurately. In the first stage, the impact time control problem is transformed into a range tracking problem, and the equations of the relationship between missile and target are transformed into a secondorder nonlinear model; then the timetogo of each missile is estimated, based on which the desired impact time is determined; finally, the timescale separation method is used to design the desired low speed subsystem and fast speed subsystem. Nonlinear dynamic inversion controllers are designed for the two subsystems respectively, and in the above design an approximate control to the impact angle is considered. In the second phase, the variable structure guidance law is applied to control the impact angle accurately. In addition, a new approach to determine the impact time is also proposed that considers the impact angle constraints. Simulation results validate the proposed approach.

The current method of orbital capture is at the cost of propellant, but the propellant is a scarce and irreproducible commodity on board. To resolve this problem, the method of using space tether technology for orbital capture is studied. First, according to system dynamic model, the formulas of the orbit positions and velocities of the mastersatellite and subsatellite are derived; the necessary conditions to realize the change of satellite orbit plane are proposed. Then, the effect of the tether parameters on orbit inclination is analyzed qualitatively. Finally, employing simulation cases, the change of the orbit inclination is analyzed quantitatively. Results show that the effect of the outofplane angular velocity on the inclination is more obvious than other tether parameters, the bigger the angular velocity, the more the inclination changes. But the tether tension increases with the inclination; thus the constraint of the of tether force on the orbit inclination should be considered.

The Gauss pseudospectral method was used to solve the coplanar aeroassisted orbit transfer from High Earth Orbit to Low Earth Orbit (HEOLEO). Using above method the optimal solution was obtained by changing the optimalfuel index to the suitable atmospherical inlet and outlet conditions and taking the shortest flight time in atmosphere as the optimal index. Compared with Hohmann orbit transfer, the aeroassisted orbit transfer reduces fuel consumption obviously. Meanwhile, it is proved that the Gauss pseudospectral method is effective to solve the optimal orbit transfer problem.

In a real Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS), there exist coning error and sculling error. The coning error for attitude determination and sculling error for velocity updating are introduced when there are angle vibration and line vibration to the mobiles. A high accuracy algorithm for the sculling error compensation is proposed with the generic equivalency. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm is confirmed by simulation.