A 3-D model was built for a simplified hatch-back car to study the effects of the spoiler on car aerodynamic performance. The aerodynamic numerical simulations were done for the hatch-back car external flows using 3 spoilers with different shapes by means of the commercial CFD code ANSYS Fluent. The dynamic performance, economic benefit and operational stability of the spoilers were evaluated comparatively, and the reasons for the differences were discussed. The best car spoiler with optimal comprehensive performance was found.

A finite element model of the human lower extremity was improved based on the geometry of human skeleton anatomy. The model consists of the pelvis, the femur, the patella, the tibia, the fibula, the foot bones, the primary tendons, the knee joint capsule, the meniscus and ligaments. In the model the bones and soft tissues were simulated by the solid element, the shell element, and the linear springdamper element. The comparison of the model simulated dynamic response parameters and injury distribution of the human lower extremity with the shearingbending cadaver tests described in literature proved the validity of the model. The validated human lower extremity model and an existing pedestrian multibody model were used to reconstruct the multibody system and its injuries in the realworld vehiclepedestrian collision accident, and the results show that the proposed model is characterized by better biofidelity and biomechanical response than the existing one, being helpful to the study of lower extremity injuries and the development of injury protection devices.

The fatigue life behavior of the pivotal load carrying structure of the air suspension system, the equalizing beam in a heavyduty truck was investigated. A typical endurance virtual digital road surface of the test ground was built in the ADAMS environment. The dynamic loads of the weak points of the beam under vehicle driving state were obtained with the simulation of the vehicle on the virtual test road. The fatigue damage of the beam was calculated by the software LMSTecWare, and was compared with the experimental results of real vehicle. The results show that the simulated distribution tendency of the cumulative fatigue damage of the beam coincide with the road test result very well. The proposed simulation method is successful to predict the fatigue life in the early stage of vehicle pivotal structure design, being of help to reduce the development period and cost of the new product.

The trapping, loading and regenerating behaviors of a noncoated SiC diesel particulate filter(DPF) were investigated experimentally on a CA6DL235E3 high pressure common rail heavyduty diesel engine with the fuel borne catalyst(FBC) added into the used 0# diesel fuel. The results show that the particulate trapping efficiency was up to 90% under the ESC13 test cycle using low sulfur Euro4 0# diesel fuel. During the regeneration process the temperature at DPF outlet position was the highest near the central axis, being the thermal stress concentration area. According to the ESC condition weight distribution and the feasible regenerative condition range, the weight ratio between the regenerative and nonregenerative conditions is much higher than the ratio between the limit regenerative time and loading time. This implicates the DPF with FBC can regenerate reliably. The particulate loading in DPF causes EGR change obviously, so the DPF/FBC technology is suitable for the technical route of EGR coupled with DPF for the Euro4 diesel engine.

To meet the requirement of the lunar rover vision system on realtimeness and robustness, a new stereo matching algorithm was proposed based on extraction of point and edge features. The rectified stereo images were preprocessed by Gauss filter and CLAHE method to weaken the effects of noise and contrast. The extraction and matching methods of SIFT key point and edge features were studied to get the environment general picture and obstacle information around the lunar rover. The 3D coordinates corresponding to feature points were calculated combining the matched SIFT features and edge features to realize the 3D reconstruction of lunar surface environment terrain. Experimental results validated the effectiveness of the proposed matching algorithm.

The classical numerical method for the arterial road coordinate control was analyzed in detail, revealing the deficiency of the classical method. The improved calculating methods of the green wave bandwidth and the signal phase shift at the road intersection, and the best match method of the real and the ideal intersections were proposed. The case examples demonstrate that the improved numerical method gives more accurate widest possible green wave bandwidth and more accurate signal phase shift in the arterial road coordinate control system.

To improve the precision of traffic conflict discrimination, a comprehensive traffic conflict discrimination model was established using the traffic conflict theory, the relative movement theory and Fisher discrimination principle and taking the speed, distance and angle as key variables. The traffic conflict discrimination was devided into two phases: the occuring phase of traffic conflict and the discriminating phase of traffic conflict severity. The traffic conflicts were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, the causes of the traffic conflict and the movement patterns of the conflicting objects were studied to build a critical conflict region. A model to discriminate the severity of traffic conflict was built using the Fisher discrimination principle. Thus a complete traffic conflict discrimination model was achieved. This model can be applied to predict and judge the conflict between any two of motor vehicles, nonmotor vehicles, and pedestrians, providing a theoretical basis for automatic recognition technique of traffic conflicts.

Aiming at the peculiarity of pedestrian in the road traffic, an effective pedestrian detection method was proposed based on an improved Gaussian mixture model(GMM) in 3 aspects: parameter updating, background estimation and foreground segmentation. The possibility of misjudging the static foreground as the background was reduced using a parameter updating model based on the image segmentation. The time of the foreground merging into the background was controlled applying the adjustment scheme of foreground merging time.The foreground segmentation condition was optimized by introducing the concept of average weight. The test results showed that the improved algorithm is better than the traditional GMM. It is characterized by good robustness and adaptability, able to detect the slow-moving even static pedestrian.

To improve the resident travel utility, the defining method of the value of time of the resident travel behavior was studied under the influence of multiple factors. The affecting factors in the defining process of the behavior time value were analyzed. A function between the travel utility and the affecting factors was built for the traveler with different travel modes using the principle of utility maximization and the random utility model, and a calculation method was proposed based the model of time value of the resident travel behavior. A case study was made taking the resident travel survey result in Changchun city as an example, and the results were compared with the calculation results using the traditional time value model, showing that the calculation result by the proposed model is more reliable and more practical than the traditional one.

A bicycle traffic flow model was proposed based on the cellular automation. On the basis of the motor vehicle NS model, adding a lane changing rule, a more reasonable model was established. The model takes the lane changing rule, a more reasonable model was established. The model takes the lane changing of bicycles into account, is in better agreement with the real behavior of bicyclists. Simulations were performed under different conditions, such as of maximum speed, of random slowdown probability, of bicycle lane width. The obtained bicycle traffic capacity and speeddensity graph were close to the theoretical values. The model was validated by the real observing and measuring data, and its validity and reliability were proved.

A double-logarithmic linear model was built for the road freight transport demand represented by the freight turnover volume based on selecting the main influencing factors of the freight demand according to the principle of overallness, and the co-integration test of the model was done by the Johansen method. The test results show that there are at least 5 co-integration relationships, namely the long-term equilibrium relationships among the 6 time array including the DLTKM, the DLCONS, the DLGDP, the LP, the LRK, and the LTT. An error correct model with an error correction term was built and its structural test was done by the recursive regression method. The pulse responsible analysis was done for the time arrays by the pulse effect function. The investigation show that the double-logarithmic linear model reflects the long-term elasticity between the freight demand and the national economy, and the error correct model reflects their dynamic process of adjustment from the short-term fluctuation to the long-term balance.

A three-dimensional vehicle-bridge coupled vibration model was established based on the model synthesis method to analyze the impact of vehicle to the simply supported beam bridge accurately. Using the concept of dynamic magnification factor, the impacts of the vehicle parameters, the bridge deck smoothness, the vehicle speed, and the vehicle to bridge relative position were obtained from the dynamic response results of the established model. The results provide a theoretical basis for improving the impact coefficient calculation method of the simply supported beam bridge in the bridge design code of China.

Applying the discrete element method(DEM), combined with the software PFC2D, the evaluation of the porous asphalt concrete(PAC) was performed. An intuitive DEM on the microscopic scale was built and a 2-D model was established for the porous asphalt concrete PAC-13 framework structure with coarse or fine gradation. The virtual tests on the structure stability were done. The simulation results showed that, with the same void ratio, PAC-13 with coarse gradation is characterized by a better framework structure stability, a better load capacity, and a better resistance to local deformation than those of the fine gradation. The simulation results were validated by the laboratory experiments, implicating the DEM provides a technique for further study of PAC design and comparison.

Multiple degrees cBN bionic wearresistant composites were prepared by spark plasma sintering. The microstructure of the composites was investigated by means of image analyzer, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Xray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results show that Cubased alloy exhibits good wettability to cBN monocrystal grains. The interface of Cubased alloy /cBN was compact and a reaction layer is formed between them. Microanalyses have shown Ti in Cubased alloy transferred preferentially to the surface of the cBN monocrystal grains and reacted with N and B elements forming TiB2 and TiN near the interface, which realized metallurgical bonding between Cubased alloy and cBN monocrystal grains. In the process of abrasion, relative protuberance of cBN grains formed nonsmooth surface, which resist wear of abrasion grains. The abrasion performance of the cBN bionic wearresistant composites is 14.73 times of which of quenching 45 steel in equivalent condition.

A chromiumfree solution pretreatment technology on AZ91D magnesium alloy substrate is investigated. Then, by selecting suitable complexing agent, subsequent Ni-P plating is conducted in a plating bath where nickel ions are provided by sulfate nickel. A uniform, compact and defect free plating layer is obtained by this technology, which exhibits good anticorrosion properties compared with traditional pretreatment. The effect of the chromiumfree pretreatment of the magnesium alloy substrate on the electroless Ni-P plating was also investigated. The deposit was characterized by its structure, morphology, anticorrosion properties and microhardness.

The precipitation of the L12 ordered intermetallic phase γ′ from the co-lattice non-ordered face-center cubic parent phase γ during the ageing process of the CoAlW alloys was simulated using the phase field simulation technique. The chemical free energy surfaces of the concentration and the ordered degree were constructed based on the description of the structure ordered degree by the form of static concentration wave. The strain of crystal lattice caused by mispairing and 4 antiphases of the L12 structure were introduced into the model, and the effect of the difference of the modules of elasticity of 2 phases on the microstructure evolution was taken into account. The microstructure in accordance with the experiment was obtained by a 2-dimensional computer simulation, proving the γ/γ′-type precipitation hardening mechanism in the CoAlW alloys.

A new kind of stretch forming process, called multi-roll-pressing flexible stretch forming(MRPFSF) process, was studied. The MRPFSF process of spherical surface parts of aluminum alloy sheet was simulated in comparison with the conventional process by means of an explicit finite element software and the variations of stress, strain, and thickness of forming parts were analyzed comparatively for both forming modes. The results show that the stress and strain distributions in the forming part by MRPFSF are more uniform and the forming quality is better than those by the conventional process. The practical MRPFSF test was done on an experimental machine, proving the feasibility and practicability of the proposed MRPFSF process.

The technology of sheet metal flexible grippers stretch forming (FGSF) was introduced briefly, theoretic formula and calculation method of clamping force were given. A finite element model was established, and the numerical simulations of FGSF based on multipoint die were performed by a dynamic explicit algorithm for the cylindrical, spherical and saddle surface of different material with different thickness. The variation histories of the clamping force and its influencing factors were analyzed. The results indicate that the material and sheet metal thickness are very sensitive to the clamping force during sheet stretch forming, and the relatively large clamping force is needed if material is stiffer and sheet metal is thicker. The clamping force for forming workpiece of double curvature is obviously larger than that for forming workpiece of single curvature. The obtained results are significant for the optimal design of sheet metal FGSF equipments and the study of sheet metal practical forming process.

A coupling analysis model of thermal and dynamic characteristics was built for the highspeed motorized spindle. In the model, the thermal contact resistance of joints and the effect of the lubricant viscosity variation with temperature were considered, the radial stiffness function of the bearing was described by a quasistatic model of bearing. The variation of the supporting stiffness under the combined action of the softening effect of bearing centrifugal force and the hardening effect of thermally induced preload and its effect on the dynamic characteristics of spindle system were analyzed. Simulation and experiment results proved the established model satisfied the need of coupling analysis for the highspeed motorized spindle.

A matter-element model was built for the reliability evaluation of the numerically-controlled(NC) machine tool using the matter-element theory and the extendible set theory of the extenics. Introducing the relevance function in the extendible set theory to calculate the relevance degree, combining the analytic hierarchy process to define the weights of indexes, and the reliability grade of the NC machine tool to be evaluated can be obtained. Taking two types of home-made NC machine tools as examples to do the practical application study of the proposed method, the results show that the method possesses good practicability, can give the reasonable evaluation on the reliability of the NC machine tool.

A new design concept was proposed to build a hydraulic hybrid vehicle(HHV) using a hydraulic transformer(HT). A mathematical model was established for HHV based on its working principle, and the relationships between the characteristic parameters of the accumulator(effective volume, specific energy, and chargedischarge efficiencies)and the port plate control angle of HT were analyzed. The energy regenerations of directly applied accumulator and indirectly applied accumulator through HT under different constant braking torque operating conditions were simulated, and the energysaving parameters at different pressure ratios were obtained.

A new hydraulic system was built for the wheel loader ZL50 to save its energy consumption. The energy-saving principle of the constant pressure hydraulic system was described and a new secondary regulation component hydraulic transformer(HT) was introduced. A mathematical model was established for the displacement and pressure of the HT, and the simulation was performed for the HT under its port plate control angle -90°~90° to analyze its displacement and pressure characteristics. A new hydraulic system was built on this basis and its working process was analyzed and compared with the original hydraulic system to reveal its energy-saving potential. The parameters of the main components of the new hydraulic system were defined by the power consumptions of the loader under different operating conditions. The simulation under main pump speeds 0~2200 r/min indicates that the installation power of the new system was reduced to 43% of the original system, showing the clear energy-saving benefit.

A new kind of rotating hydraulic cylinder with oil allocation with the hydraulic slipping to realize the plane face seal by oil film was proposed to apply in the power chuck for the machine tool. The oil leakage form and the friction torque on the seal face were analyzed theoretically taking the oil viscosity change into account. The experiments proved the correctness of the analysis, providing a basis for the practical application of the rotating hydraulic cylinder.

It is difficult to measure the internal geometry and size of diesel nozzle directly due to lack of convenient measuring method. Applying the high-energy synchrotron radiation X-ray of Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility(SSRF), nozzles were tomoscanned and high-precision three-dimensional structure models of nozzle internal geometry were obtained. According to these models, the plane angle, diameter, cone angle and chamfer radius of nozzle hole were measured successfully. The results show that the proposed measuring method can measure the internal geometry and size of injector nozzle with high precision.

The characteristic vibration mode behavior loci veering of the two-stage double helical tooth planetary gear was analyzed. The loci veering criteria of the eigen frequency of different vibration modes were proposed by the analysis of the coupling factors characterizing the local curvature. The correctness of the proposed criteria was validated by the case example, providing a theoretical basis for the optimal design of the gear train.

The antierosion effects of different surface morphologies and their combinations were investigated by three dimensional finite element simulation using ANSYS/LSDYNA. The surface morphologies include smooth surface, surface with concave units, flexibility and smoothness, and coupling flexibility and concave. The equivalent stress during the erosion process was calculated. Results show that the calculated equivalent stress matches the actually measured wear loss very well. It is shown that appropriate selection of ANSYS/LSDYNA element types and a set of parameters can achieve different desired surface morphologies. Simulation results also show that the antierosion performances of the four surfaces are in the order: coupling flexibility and concave > flexibility and smoothness > surface with concave units > smooth surface. These results accord with experiment results well, indicating that three dimensional finite element simulation can predict surface antierosion performance.

A practical meshless algorithm was proposed using the cubic Bspline wavelet function as the weight function. The simulations of the 1D pole and 2D plate as examples were performed using the meshless algorithm based on the Gauss weight function, the cubic spline weight function and the cukic Bspline wavelet weight function. The simulated results show that the approximated solutions of the displacement and the stress achieved by the proposed algorithm is characterized by better fitting effect than the exact solutions with respect of multiscaling and stability. The obtained results open up the broad prospects for the application of the meshless method in the engineering structure analysis.

A new optimal cam profile design method was proposed based on the mechanism dynamics and control system co-simulation and optimization to reduce the contact force of the mould dies driven by the can mechanism in a high-speed bottle blowing machine. An optimization model was built for the bottle flowing machine dies motion control system, its objective function is to minimize the time of the bottle die clamping motion under restraint of maximum contact force. A state variable of the displacement of bottle die was introduced based on the relationship between the contact force and contact information according to Hertz contact theory, the high-speed impact-free cam profile design problem was transformed to the fastest control problem without displacement overshooting. The control system parameters and the motion velocity for the fastest motion under restraint of non-overshooting were obtained by the mechanism dynamics and control system co-simulation and optimization, and the control of the contact force was realized by adjustment of displacement offset. The optimal motion curve can be converted into the cam profile. Simulation results show that the optimized cam profile can make the soft landing under high velocity, reduce the impact and vibration, achieve the fatigue life of 1.4×107 cycles.

In order to solve the fault diagnosis problem of controller in hybrid system, a new diagnostic method was proposed for faulty events that occur on monitors or components. Using this method, monitor faults in hybrid systems can be diagnosed. An elementary diagnostic algorithm was also proposed. The experiment results indicate that the algorithm is easy to produce into procedure with high efficiency. Realtime diagnosis for complex objects can be realized.

A method applied in hepatitis diagnosis was proposed, which is based on rough set and Support Vector Machines (SVM). The method uses rough set to reduce the original features and to obtain a number of feature subsets. Then a set selection algorithm was employed to execute the feature reduction again, and a new data set was acquired in the light of the reduced subset. SVM was used for the new data set training and prediction. UCI machine learning public data set was adopted. Experiment results and data analysis show that, comparing with SVM, Neural Network (NN) and decision tree, the proposed method has higher diagnostic accuracy and can diagnose whether the data being negative or positive.

To obtain the accurate solutions of the steady state of aircraft, a hybrid genetic algorithm was proposed according to the analysis of the basic characteristics and constraints of the steady state. Based on the concept of “individual learning potentiality”, this algorithm logistically integrates the Lamarckian learning and Baldwinian learning mechanisms. It rationally distributes the number of local search among the population to make the advantage of the learning into full play, meanwhile inhibit its disadvantage. The algorithm can solve any preassigned steady state on the basis of the state variables rather than the real form of the aerodynamic model. Simulation results validate the proposed algorithm that combines the two learning mechanisms.

Milling classification control is a slow timedelaying and nonlinear process. A control method was presented based on fuzzy neural network. To automatically acquire the fuzzy rules and the initial parameters of the algorithm, the fuzzy clustering was used in system identification. According to the received fuzzy system, an adaptivenetwork based fuzzy inference system was built on TakageSugone inference model with no professional experience, the capability of which is more adaptive and faster than traditional Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN). Computer simulation of a milling classification control process was carried out, which validates the proposed control method.

A multi-agent intrusion detection system (ICNPIDS) was proposed based on immune and contract net protocol. Applying the cooperation method of the contract net protocol to intrusion detection, the concept of united immune antibodies was also proposed by analogy with the passive immune antibodies, the memory automatic antibodies, and fuzzy automatic immune antibodies. The generation, detection, and updating of the united immune antibodies were examined, which overcomes the difficulty that the analytic experience can not be shared between agents. The efficiency of the intrusion detection model that uses abusive detection and the analogy detection was improved greatly. Experiment results show that ICNPIDS is a more adaptive and efficient system.

An adjacency list storage model with heuristic information is proposed. An evaluation function to calculate the weight among nodes was derived. The relative position of the node in the adjacency list was optimized using the evaluation function. The process of initial population with heuristic information and chromosome coding, and the strategy of dynamic adjustment of the fitness function were presented. The main performance parameters were obtained by simulation, and the proposed algorithm was compared with the Dijkstra algorithm. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm possesses higher efficiency when solving the optimization problem of shortest path with high spatial complexity.

A Chinese highfrequency word extraction algorithm was proposed based on the tree structure and the weighted entropy. The tree structure and the weighted information entropy were introduced briefly. The principle of the algorithm and its design steps were described in detail. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and effective.

There has been no efficient security mechanism provided by existing reactive routing protocols, which are designed for Ad hoc networks in small, medium, and large populations to handle all mobility ranges and various patterns. In this paper, first, several potential insecure factors in Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and other routing protocols were investigated. Then a unilateral secure routing protocol for Ad hoc network was proposed. By this protocol, in the process of routing request, the validity of the node and routing must be verified by digital signature between nodes, but which is not required in the process of routing reply.

A Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is a selforganizing network, which is specifically designed for communications between vehicles without controlling center. So drivers can get vehicular status and realtime traffic information without the scope of sight. Since the features of VANETs are selforganizing and nocenters, the original mature security control technology based on centralized solution is no longer suitable. A novel trusted routing protocol in VANETs was proposed by introducing the concept of experienced trustiness, which is incorporated into trust metrics. The reputation of last hop is incorporated into the factors of experienced trustiness. The theory of experienced trustiness was used to study nodes' behavior. A new forwarding rule was designed according as the concept of experienced trustiness to encourage packets forwarding and discipline selfish behavior in VANETs. Also some recommendatory methods to calculate the experienced trustiness were given.

A zerowatermarking model of vector map based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and fractal coding technology was proposed. By wavelet transformation, the map blocks with lowfrequency coefficient can be captured. Then the matched domain blocks can be obtained through fractal similarity computation. The zerowatermark, consisted of the domain blocks and range blocks, was submitted to the thirdparty authentication agency as a backup. Experiment results show that under the geometric transformation attacks, the average error coding rate of the proposed watermarking model is 0.6, lower than other mentioned models, and the model is capable of resisting the IBM attacks.

In cascaded sensor network, data transmission channels of the uplink and downlink are usually asymmetric in data rate. According to this feature, an improved cascaded usage of Ethernet PHY chip was presented. In the uplink channel with higher data rate the Ethernet PHY chip was used as an independent receiver and transmitter; thus, one PHY chip can receive data from downlink node and transmit data to uplink node. The downlink channel with lower data rate was implanted with transceivers which have lower power consumption and lower cost. A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) was used to implement the data link layer of the network. Experiment results show that the in practical application this design can satisfy the tradeoff between low power consumption and high data rate.

The phenomenon of limit cycle was observed in lowvelocity servo system. With the help of nonlinear analysis tools, this paper analyzes the kinetics of limit cycle and finds out the reasons that induce this phenomenon. First, the Stribeck model was converted to piecewise linearized friction model and the state space model was also obtained. Then, by analyzing the feature of the system balance point and using PoincareBendixson theorem, the existence of the limit cycle was proved. The region where the limit cycle occurs was also found. Finally, the stability of the limit cycle was analyzed based on the Poincare map. Simulation and experiment results show that, under lowvelocity state, stable limit cycle occurs in the servo system that is disturbed by friction. The reason is that the stability of the equilibrium changes repeatedly. Through the analysis of the system root locus, the measure to eliminate the limit cycle is found.

Due the existence of nonlinearity, uncertainty and complexity in marine power system, conventional speed regulation system can no longer meet the controlling requirement. Fuzzy Neural Network was applied to the complex process modeling and logical inference to realize intelligent control of power system. Modular modeling methods are used to establish the model of steam turbine. A new type speed regulation system based on fuzzy neural network was presented. The method combines the rough set with fuzzy neural network, which can derive control rules from inputoutput data effectively and find the minimal set of the rules. This method can solve the problem of “rule explosion”. Results of simulation using Matlab indicate that the proposed method possesses the ability of good-quality control when the load disturbances and condition change.

To minimize the transmitting power in multiuser Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system, a program using Cultural Algorithm (CA) to search the subcarriers and bit allocation was proposed. Based on the traditional evolutionary algorithm, a belief space was introduced to guide the search. Thus, the search is more efficient; meanwhile, relatively the optimizing objectives and numerical variables are easily quantified. In comparison of the CA with Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Multiuser Adaptive OFDMK Algorithm (MAOA), simulation results show that CA enjoys less iteration time than GA; meanwhile, the convergence is greatly accelerated. At the expense of a small amount of system throughput, CA can significantly improve the runtime.

The core of the k nearest-neighbor classification method was put forward to search for the k nearest-neighbors of a new sample (feature vector). The important information hiding in the Haar wavelet coefficients was investigated. Then the relationship between the Haar wavelet coefficient and the variance of a vector was determined, from which an inequality about the wavelet coefficient was obtained. When searching for the k nearest-neighbors  this inequality condition was employed to identify and kick out quickly many vectors that are impossible to be the k closest vectors in the design set; thus the k nearestneighbors can be found quickly. The k nearest-neighbor classification method with this fast algorithm can save substantially the classification time; meanwhile achieve the same classification performance as that with the exhaust search algorithm. Experiments on texture classification are performed and the results validate the proposed algorithm.

The necessary condition for the optimal Unequal Error Protection (UEP) of progressive image was analyzed. The conclusion that the importance of bitstream after UEP with optimal allocation is monotonously decreasing was proved and the range of the expected distortion of the reconstructing image at the decoder was given. Result of this study can provide important reference for the design of progressive image transformation system.

A new method of modeling the background and segmenting object in H.264 compressed domain was proposed. First, the information of the DC and AC coefficients in I frames were used to build the Block Residual Energy Image (BREI). Then the energy image was filtered by using the intra prediction information. Finally, the mixed Gaussian model was employed to model the background and segment the foreground object. Analysis shows that using the proposed method can achieve satisfactory background modeling and object segmentation results.

To solve the problem of semantic gap in retrieving multimedia information, the definition and operation laws of matrix division method were presented, which describes the high-level semantic framework for many kinds of multimedia information. For the purpose of solving the problem of semantic gap for searching multimedia information, the high-level semantic framework was employed to retrieve multimedia information. Meanwhile, for this framework, a partial priority algorithm was proposed based on the results that each user retrieves multimedia information. The algorithm modifies adaptively the high-level semantic branch weights according to the results that each user retrieves multimedia information at each time. The retrieving efficiency is improved by the algorithm based on the framework.

In order to improve the performance of spatial image watermarking algorithm, a kind of prediction error filter based on cover image Least-Square (LS) was proposed, which is applied to the embedding and detecting processes. In the embedding process, the filter was used to produce a new spatial perceptual mask. The cover image prediction error sequence controls the watermark strength and matches well with the properties of human visual system. In the same visibility quality metrics, the scheme can embed more watermark strength. In the detection process, in order to reduce the cover image effect on the correlation detection, the LS prediction error filter was applied to the received image and estimation of the masked watermark. The normalized correlation measure for the resulting error sequence was computed. It is proved that the scheme is robust to general signal processing and geometric attacks.

A Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) based two-way Demodulate-and- Forward (DMF) relaying protocol was proposed. Incorporating MIMO technology into the relaying protocol can not only increase the spectral efficiency, but also enhance the transmission reliability. This relaying protocol was composed of two user terminals and one multi-antenna DMF relaying node. Moreover, to evaluate the performance of the proposed relaying protocol, closed-form Symbol Error Rate (SER) expressions of Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) for this MIMObased DMF relaying protocol was derived. Simulation results demonstrate SER performance of the twoway DMF relaying system and verify the theoretical analysis.

A relaying scheme based on network coding was proposed. After investigating the system outage probability with this relaying scheme, an Optimal Power Allocation (OPA) strategy was given. According to the phase characteristic of M-ary Phase-Shift-Keying (MPSK) modulation, network coding and decoding with PSK signal can be directly implemented at the relay node and base station. Through analysis, the upper bound of the outage probability under high Signalto  Noise Ratio (SNR) was derived. By minimizing the upper bound, an OPA strategy was obtained. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is better than that of the traditional one. The system with OPA strategy can achieve significant gains in Symbol Error Rate (SER) performance.

A novel method was proposed to extract SLA patterns from large data sets. This method extracts patterns from large data sets of customers' experience through machine learning according to key performance indicators and key quality indicators predefined. By learning, Telecommunication Company can control the allocation of resource for holding customers' requirements from low level to high level. It need not consider the associations of multivariants through grid partition. What's more, this method can discern the accuracy of extracted patterns through visualization technologies in order to adjust userspecific input parameters.

In order to improve the accuracy of personalized recommendation， “idle state” was firstly introduced into multi-dimension Semi-Markov process, therefore extended multi-dimension Semi-Markov process was obtained. Then by combing the extended multi-dimension Semi-Markov process with social network analysis theory, social network information flow model was established. This model describes the information flow process among social actors. Based on the social network information flow model, a collaborative filtering algorithm, Semi-Markov and Reward Renewal (SMRR), was proposed. Experiments demonstrate that, regarding accuracy, SMRR performs better than existed algorithms. Considering personalized behavior patterns of actors and the influence of interacting social actors together can improve the accuracy of personalized recommendation.

The noise and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) in Serial RapidIO (SRIO) interconnect are generated by unavoidable errors of hardware implementation and tough environment. To combat these noise and EMI， a Robust Transport Protocol (ROTP) was proposed as an extension to existing SRIO specification. The main ideas of ROTP include speed transition and mode conversion. Speed transition can improve the average throughput in high Bit Error Rate (BER) environment. Mode conversion is to conquer frequent usage of feedback channel. Simulation and analysis prove that ROTP can effectively enhance the robustness of the SRIO interconnect and improve the system performance in a poor working environment.

The compressive and static creep tests were conducted for the aeroponic potato tuber to analyze the effects of loading direction and loading rate on its rupture stress and strain. The creep process of the potato tuber was simulated using 4-element Burgers model to investigate its rheologic behavior. The compressive tests show that the yield limits and the rupture limits under different axial compressions of the aeroponic cultured potato tuber are lower than those of the soil cultured patato tuber with similar size. The effect of loading rate on the rupture stress of the aeroponic potato tuber structure is slight, but on the rupture strain is significant. The creep test results show that the aeroponic potato tuber appeass the obvious visco-elastic deformation and the viscous flowability. The fitted values of the element parameters in Burgers model can reflect accurately the rheologic properties of the aeroponic potato tuber, the filling precisions of the model under different axes are higher than 0.95. The obtained results provide a theoretical basis for reducing the mechanical damage of the aeropomic potato tuber in various production links.

The treatment of brewer wastewater was studied using a hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR), including the steady-state operation performance test, the second start-up behavior test, and the comparative test with the traditional ABR. The results show that the filling material in the hybrid ABR has the obvious good effect on the COD removal with the average COD removal efficiency of 75%. The time interval from the second start to achieving the stable performance for the hybrid ABR is shorter than that of traditional ABR. The performance stability of the hybrid ABR is better than the traditional ABR, the former is characterized by general good performance both during the start-up phase and in the stable operation.