To study the pattern of driver's visual behavior during lane change under different speeds, several driving experiments were carried out on the civil road and on highway. The vehicle state, the environment information and the driver's eye movement information were acquired. The regular pattern of the driver's eye movement was summarized using the visual search range, the forward-looking distance and the visual transition probability during lane change. The pattern of the driver's forward-looking behavior in complex environment was revealed, which could provide theoretical support for lane change assistant system with consideration of real driver's visual characteristics.

In order to improve vehicle starting acceleration performance and stability under complicated road conditions, a traction control algorithm based on extremum-seeking with forgetting factors Recursive Least Square (RLS) algorithm was proposed. The tire slip ratio close to the optimal slip ratio can be controlled by the coordinate strategy between the engine torque control and the active brake control. Simulation and winter road test results show that the proposed control strategy can improve the vehicle dynamics performance.

The Insulate Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) turn-off process is decomposed into multiple stages. The capacitive coupling feedback is used in the rise of voltage and the fall of current in the IGBT turn-off process to control dv/dt and di/dt independently and to achieve double restraints of EMI and inverse peak voltage. The Pspiece model is used to simulate switching loss and inversed peak voltage under different feedback capacitances and gate resistances, the corresponding curve is drawn and a set of calculation methods for the optimization of the system parameters is put forward. The experiment is based on Infineon FS400R07A1E3_H5 IGBT modules and the drive circuit with capacitive feedback is designed. Experimental results indicate that when the current through IGBT is 400 A, the peak inverse voltage decreases by 80 V and the module temperature decreases in the feedback capacitive drive circuit. The correctness of the proposed theory is verified.

On the basis of electro-hydraulic varying parameters PID control, to further improve the response rate and accuracy of anti-lock breaking system of a dual-motor four-wheel drive electric vehicle, the neural network system based on radial basis function is introduced to realize online identification of electro-hydraulic braking system. The sensitivity of the wheel slip ratio to motor braking torque is used to achieve scroll optimal adjustment of parameters of PID control, and to increase the response rate and accuracy. The off-line simulation and hardware in loop real time simulation are carried out to test the control algorithm. Results show that the improve control algorithm can increase the accuracy and regulating rate of the system, and meet the real time requirements of the control system.

Based on the theory of perceptual Kansei engineering, the quantization of perceptual terminologies is achieved using semantic difference method. Principal component analysis is used to transfer multiple perceptual terminological variables into optimized integrated variables. The database method of exterior color classification method is established based on statistical results of the questionnaire with the A-Class car exterior color design of domestic brand. The objective analysis of the perceptual image is conducted for the target group people. The research results improve the scientific character and objectivity of the design of vehicle exterior color. The results also provide theoretical guidelines to reduce cost for vehicle makers.

The reproduction of track irregularity on test bench is important, and the premise of reproducing track irregularity is the generation of the test spectrum to drive the test bench. Based on the multi-body dynamics theory, an inverse kinematics solution model is established, and the test spectrum of the actuators to drive the test bench is obtained by Matlab/Simulink simulation. A simplified 3D model of the bogie test bench is established, and the generated test spectrum is taken as the input signal. Then, the reproductive value of the track irregularity is obtained by kinematics analysis using SolidWorks Motion. The comparison of the reproductive value with the measured data verifies the validity of the proposed generating method of the test spectrum for track irregularity reproduction. Verification experiments are carried out on the bogie test bench, and results show that the relative errors of the three parameters of track irregularity between test value and measured data are within 5%, which proves the test spectrum used for track irregularity reproduction can be applied to real vehicle experiment.

The external flow-field around trucks would be affected by the lateral wind and their longitudinal spacing change when the trucks travel in tandem. In order to analyze the influence, in reference to the Volvo truck, a simulation truck model with scale of 1: 1 was established. XFlow software was used as the numerical simulation tool. The longitudinal spacing ranged from 0 m to 30 m, and yaw angle of the wind variation range was 0 to 20 degree. The simulation results were analyzed from two aspects, drag coefficient change and fuel-saving rate. The results show that the average fuel-saving rate of the following truck is about 22.96% without lateral wind. While at yaw angle of 20 degree of the lateral wind, the fuel-saving rate is only about 7.41%. This suggests that the lateral wind has great influence on the fuel-saving of the trucks traveling in tandem.

Overflow phenomenon of pedestrian is common at signalized intersections. Video-processing technology is used to acquire detailed spatio-temporal data of the pedestrian, and the underlying law of the overflow phenomenon is analyzed; then optimization strategies to restrict the overflow are proposed. First, the universality of the overflow phenomenon is demonstrated with the frequency of pedestrian overflow. Second, the effect of the intention of choosing short rout on the overflow is analyzed through the actual survey data. Third, the trajectories of overflow pedestrian are obtained, from which we can obtain the distribution of the overflow positions; on the basis of this, the normal distribution model of the overflow positions is established using the method of probability and statistics, and validated with actual data at other intersections. Finally, the optimization strategies to restrict and prevent the pedestrian from overflowing the crosswalk are adopted at the intersection. Results show that the overflow is obviously reduced as the widen width and the guard rail length reach to 130% of the crosswalk width.

In order to solve the deficiency and limit of using “4-point photogrammetric method” in 2D surveying of traffic accident scene, an improved 4-point surveying method was proposed, which was based on Small Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle (SUAV). First, the traffic accident scene images are capture by SUAV. Second, the captured images are transmitted back to the image pickup device immediately, and a pre-normalized approach for control point information processing is applied to reduce pathological situation of matrix calculation in the correction process. Then, the image correction algorithm is employed to rectify the perspective image to orthographic image. Finally, an image measuring module is used to measure, record and mark the information on the basis of the orthographic image. A control field test and an accident cased were used to validate the proposed method. Compared with the traditional manual surveying and photogrammetric method, the proposed method can not only improve the accuracy of accident scene surveying, but also expand the scope of the investigation, and constrain the impact of project angle on the accuracy of 4-point photogrammetric method.

In order to research driver's fixation characteristics in different urban road alignments, the non-contact FaceLAB5 eye tracker is used to capture the driver's eye movement data. Analytic Hierarchy Process is applied to select the eye movement indices: gaze and saccade. The driver's visual area is divided into five regions, and then the driver's gaze and gaze shift distribution in different road alignments are comparatively analyzed. It is found that, in different road alignments, the driver pays more than 50% focus on the far and front regions, the left region is almost the same; focus on the left region is about three times on the right region while driving straight. Focus on the right region in turning is about three times as in straight section. The results not only proved guidance to the driver training, but also provide a theoretical basis for the road design and to determine whether the driver has the turning intention.

A grey-relational based algorithm for wireless channel is put forward in Vehicle Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs). First, by examining the relationship between channel load and its influence factors of time series, a grey correlation analysis method is proposed to select the main factors that affect the channel load. Then, according to the multiple relationship model, the channel load prediction algorithm based on Kalman filter recursion is developed. To verify the effectiveness of the channel load prediction algorithm, a traffic survey method is employed to conduct a short-term channel load forecasting experiment. Traffic data on a segment of Changchun urban road is collected using a floating car. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective with higher prediction accuracy and good performance in adaptation and robustness.

The pull-sensitizing of conductive film resistor was applied to monitor the process of strain changes and crack generations in bridge structure. The conductive film resistor was attached to the surface of the concrete structure for its health monitoring. The concrete beam was made in the laboratory, and the conductive film together with strain gauge was wired in the underside of the beam to carry out the crack monitoring tests. The test results were compared with that of ANSYS finite element simulation. The quantitative relationship between strain and the change of the resistance of the film was identified within the elastic deformation range before the appearance of the crack. When the crack occurred on the structure surface, the instantaneous resistance increased dramatically, and the relationship between the resistance of the film and the crack width was determined. The resistance mutations were observed to determine the occurrence time and location of the crack. Then, the development of the crack was continuously measured.

The standard wheel of model CRH3 high-speed train was taken as the study subject. The radiation noise of a single wheel under a vertical unit force excitation was calculated by acoustic Boundary Element Method (BEM). Then a new damped wheel with web-mounted noise shielding was introduced. The sound characteristics of both wheels were analyzed contrastively. Detailed boundary conditions were taken into consideration in studying the wheelsets rolling noise distribution on the coach surface. First, Multi-body Dynamics (MBD) was adopted to extract the wheel-rail interaction forces at the speed of 350 km/h. Then, a vibro-acoustic coupling model with four wheelsets was established. The results show that sound field of a single wheel reveals an evident directivity with petaloid variation by angle and continuous decrease by distance; and the wheel tread and web contribute the most rolling noise. Compared with the standard wheel the acoustic power of the damped wheel decreases significantly, especially at the peak frequency. The sound field of four wheelsets, which mainly distributes at the end of the coach and maintains the basic directivity, is formed under a composite overlap and interference effect between multiple wheel noise sources. Finally, a sound pressure spectrum comparison at an observation point indicates that the peak value of the standard wheel noise is mostly below 110 dB, while the total sound pressure level of the damped wheelsets is reduced by 15 dB, therefore, the noise reduction effect of the wheelsets is quite satisfactory.

The influences of initial piston position on the engine rotation characteristic and realization of direct-start mode without starter are investigated on a 4G15 GDI engine. The initial piston position range which can ensure the success of direct-start mode under different coolant temperature and spray pressure is explored. Results show that both forward and reverse direct-start modes can succeed only if the initial piston position is in a suitable range. However, the best ranges for the two kinds of direct-start mode have both superposition and difference. The combine using of the two modes can significantly extend the suitable range of the initial piston position of a successful direct-start. Either too low or too high coolant temperature can decrease the range of the initial piston position. Specifically, the suitable range has a maximum value when the coolant temperature is 70 ℃. Besides, improving the spray pressure also helps extend the initial piston position range of a successful direct-start. Generally, it is a wise choice to locate the piston in expansion cylinder in 90 ~ 125 °CA, ATDC, that can achieve successful direct-start in wide ranges of both coolant temperature and spray pressure.

To reduce NO_x emission and improve the trade-off relationship between fuel consumption ratio (be) and NO_x under lean-burn operation, the influences of three strategies: retarding ignition timing, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and leaner air/fuel mixture on the engine combustion performance and NO_x emission were experimentally investigated at light load on a port-injection and spark ignition methanol engine, which was modified from a diesel engine. In the experiments the engine speed, fuel consumption, air excess coefficient and ignition advance angle were fixed at 1400 r/min, 4.53 kg/h, 1.5 m and 210 °CA BTDC respectively. Results show that all three strategies can achieve the effect of NO_x purification inside the cylinder, and the NO_x emission approach zero. At the same level of NO_x emission, compared with the air/fuel mixture strategy, the combustion delaying and extension of the EGR strategy are weakened, and the coefficient of cyclic variation is decreased. The combustion of the retarding ignition timing strategy is more delayed than the leaner air/fuel mixture strategy, but the duration of combustion and the coefficient of cyclic variation are decreased. In contrast, the EGR strategy can get better be-NO_x trade-off than retarding ignition timing; however, the rise of the exhaust temperature by retarding ignition timing is helpful to improve the conversion efficiency of the catalytic converter at light load. Therefore, retarding ignition timing has the application potential to reduce emissions.

The effect of ultra-high pressure injection on the formation mechanism of mixed gas and on combustion process is studied. The influence of high pressure injection on the spray characteristics and the concentration field etc is analyzed; the influence of high pressure injection on the jet number and its variation law in different space positions in the injection direction is also analyzed on a CR 2.0L direct injection diesel engine. Both simulation and experiments are carried out to predict the influence of ultra-high pressure injection on the engine performance. Results show that, as the injection pressure appropriately increases the jet number increases and the range of jet number expands, the spray quality is improved and the duration of combustion is shortened. High injection pressure also can reduce the thickness of the fuel film and the residence time in the combustion chamber wall, thus, the emission of HC is reduced. However, high pressure injection may lead to over high average combustion temperature inside the cylinder, which results the increases not only in NO emission but also in CO emission because of CO₂ high temperature decomposition.

The domestic and international research states of digital hydraulic valves and their applications are reviewed from four aspects: electro-mechanical actuators, structure optimization of the valve, parallel high-speed switching valve technology, and new applications of high-speed switching valve. The new hydraulic control methods which can be applied in the digital valves are discussed. The control methods include electrohydraulic flow matching control technology and independent metering control technology, which are commonly used in digital. The characteristics of general digital valve are illustrated using a programmable control valve unit as an example. Recommendations are given in three aspects, including modularization, high response and high efficiency.

The traditional method of Fluid-structure Interaction (FSI) of hydraulic retarder cannot reliably simulate the load distribution on the blade, and it does not take the influence of temperature field into consideration. An efficient one-way Thermal-fluid Structure Interaction (TFSI) method is presented according to Navier-Stokes equations, energy conservation equations and nonlinear structure dynamics equation. The simulation results of FSI and TFSI under the same working condition are comparatively analyzed from the aspects of deformation and equivalent stress. The results indicate that, if other conditions are the same, the maximum displacement of the blade is increased by 6% and maximum equivalent strength is increased by 21% after considering the composite effect of temperature field on the blade boundary, which can increase the probability of strength failure of the blade and have security problems.

In order to reduce the throttling loss of the control circuit of the hydraulic hybrid excavator, the control pressure of the loop should be reduced. However, it would tend to deteriorate the control performance of the swash plate angle. Hence, the fee forward compensation combining with the sliding mode control based on the improved integral method (FSMI) is used to enhance the robust performance. First, the basic principle of the hydraulic hybrid excavator based on common pressure rail combined with switched function (HHES) is introduced and the necessity of reducing the control pressure is explained. Then, the improved mathematical model of the system is presented by analyzing the force applied on the swash plate; meanwhile, the FSMI is stated in details. Finally, the test rig is constructed corresponding to the simulation. Both of the simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method is effective and can enhance the robust performance of the system.

To overcome the problem that the difficulty in determining the testing period for reliability assessment of NC machine tools increases the testing cost or decreases the assessment accuracy, a new method to determine the testing period is proposed based on Bootstrap re-sampling. This method uses the change rate of interval estimate of Mean Time between Failures (MTBF) as the basis for determining the testing period, and then calculates the interval estimate of MTBF using Bootstrap re-sampling. The model of change rate for interval estimate of MTBF is established by power function, and the testing period for the reliability assessment of NC machine tools is obtained. Two factors influencing the testing period, the number of machine tools and shape parameter, are analyzed in combination with the real case. Results indicate that with increase in the shape parameter and the number of tools, the testing period of reliability assessment is shortened.

A matter-element model based on the matter-element of extencis theory was built for the reliability assessment of carrier helicopter. The relevance function of the evaluated carrier helicopter was calculated through the relevance function of extendible set theory. The weights of indexes in the matter-element model were defined by introducing the analytic hierarchy process, therefore, the reliability grade of the carrier helicopter and relevance degree can be obtained. The carrier helicopters were used as examples to further illustrate that it is possible to use analytic hierarchy process to define the weights of indexes, at the same time, it is proved that the results are scientific and reasonable.

In this paper the Sit-to-stand (STS) trajectory of health persons is researched. First an STS biomechanics model is established. Then, the mechanical structure of a lower limb rehabilitation training robot with several degrees of freedom is designed and optimized. Finally, each joint angle in the STS process is assessed by experiment and is used to instruct the control of the designed lower limb rehabilitation training robot. Experiment results show that the STS biomechanics model can provide effective reference for the lower limb rehabilitation training. The designed mechanical structure conforms to the mechanical performance requirements with light weight, less space occupation, low cost. Therefore, it is suitable for clinical application and product promotion.

To improve the impregnate bit drilling rate and service life, combining bionic prototype of soil fauna claw toe with common bit abnormal surface, high-matrix bionic abnormal shape diamond bit is designed and manufactured by pressureless impregnation sintering. The unit cutting tooth of the bit consists of several columns ladder drill-teeth. The high-diameter ratio check calculation is used to ensure the strength of drill-tooth. Finite element analysis is conducted to analyze the stress between bit and rock, which is used to check the reasonability of unit cutting tooth strength. Field drilling test data show that the drilling rate of this novel diamond bit increases by 20%; under certain drilling rate, the service life is more than twice. Using this bionic diamond bit can significantly reduce the time of up-down drill, short the drilling cycles, save costs, and achieve good application prospect and profound economic effect.

The phase transition point, duration and volume change rule of water droplet during freezing process were quantitatively determined using a self-made semiconductor refrigeration device. The diameter variation coefficient, height variation coefficient and the volume expansion coefficient in phase change process are statistically analyzed. Experimental results show that the phase transition of water droplet freezing is from bottom to top. In the freezing process, the volume expansion of more than 1.09 occurs in the instant of phase transition. Compared to the duration as the liquid goes to the cold state, the phase transition is much fast. The results of this study may explain the root of frost heave during freezing process with high volume expansion coefficient and deformation. The results also suggest that the spontaneous phase transition expansion can be used to reduce or resolve the ice adhesion strength on a object surface, thus, providing theoretical and experimental basis for developing new deicing method.

In order to improve the forming quality, the flexible stretch forming processes of multi-point die with different unit forms were studied. The flexible stretch forming processes of multi-point die with fixed unit and with swinging unit were simulated. The numerical results show that the flexible stretch forming part of multi-point die with swinging unit is smoother, the strain distribution is more uniform, the forming accuracy is higher, and forming effect is better than that with fixed unit. Flexible stretch forming experiments of multi-point die with fixed unit and swinging unit were conducted for spherical part. It is proved that flexible stretch forming of multi-point die with swinging unit is feasible and the numerical simulation results are reliable.

To overcome the limitation of using tensile instability theory and essential hypothesis to guide the Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) of aluminum alloy, this paper proposes a forming limit prediction method based on ductile damage and shear damage theories. By introducing the macrocrack state variable, the FLD predicting process is transferred to compute the limit principal strain at fracture in various loading paths. The aluminum alloy 5083-O is chosen as the research object. Notched specimen loading test and gapped specimen pure shearing test are done with numerical simulation to obtain the stress triaxiality and shear stress ratio in different strain rates. Dome bulging process is carried out by numerical simulation to obtain the punch strokes, limit thickness and Fracture Forming Limit Diagram (FFLD). Simulation results and experimental results are basically consistent. FFLD is utilized to analyze the stamp forming effects of high-speed train cab covering panel. The predicted defect form and crack location show good agreement with experimental results.

The factors that influence the inverse bulging effect in sheet hydro-mechanical deep drawing are investigated. According to different inverse bulging processes, two modes can be singled: the Initial Inverse Bulging (IIB) and the Local Inverse Bulging (LIB). IIB includes two parameters: inverse bulging height ratio (H_Ib/t) and inverse bulging pressure (p_Ib/t). LIB is influenced by IIB and has a direct relationship with liquid chamber pressure in the forming process. The optimal inverse bulging parameters of hemispherical bottom cylindrical part and flat bottom cylindrical part are obtained by numerical simulation. The process parameters, including the clearance between the punch and blank holder, and the radius of the blank holder entrance, which strongly influence the inverse bulging effect, are optimized, so as to make the inverse bulging effect behave better in hydroforming process. The accuracy of the numerical simulation is verified by experiments.

Mg₂Si/Al composites were fabricated by gravity casting and semi-solid extrusion. The microstructure and mechanical property of the composites were investigated. The results show that after isothermal heat treatment the semisolid Mg₂Si/Al composites form spherical reinforced phase and matrix structure. The effect of the isothermal heat treatment temperature on the microstructure and mechanical was studied. In addition, the hardness of the semi-solid extrusion composites with isothermal heat treatment temperatures of 555 ℃, 565 ℃ and 570 ℃ under specific pressure of 255 MPa are enhanced by 26.09%, 39.13% and 31.30% respectively in comparison with the casting composite. The tensile test results show that the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the Mg₂Si/Al composites fabricated by semi-solid extrusion reach 274 MPa and 8.75% respectively.

Based on oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion system, consisting of chloroform BTAB and water, square-shaped perylene nanoparticles were prepared. The size of the nanoparticles is in the range of 60 nm to 100 nm, which can be easily controlled by varying the concentration of the surfactant. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and dynamic light scattering confirmed the presence of peryline nanoparticles. Different from monomers in the solution, the nanoparticles present a broad fluorescent emission from aggregates ranging from 460 nm to 650 nm with a main peak at 570 nm, which is obviously size-dependent and becomes stronger as the size of the nanoparticles increases.

In order to achieve lateral active safety collision avoidance control of four-wheel independent drive electric vehicle, the safety distance model in vehicle lateral lane-change is proposed. On the basis of the proposed safety distance model, an appropriate lateral controller is designed, which meets the collision avoidance requirements. The Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) method is used to solve the optimal feedback matrix of the lateral lane-change. Then, the feed-forward compensation strategy based on input offset is taken to track the slip angle, so that the system could accurately follow the given expected yawing angle. The electric vehicle active safety distance model and the effectiveness of the vehicle collision avoidance controller are verified by experiments. The strategy realizes the safety and stability function requirements of the vehicle collision avoidance system.

Humanoid head and neck robot, which is part of humanoid robot, is responsible for dynamic visual target tracking. In order to be able to accurately track the target, the centre of the robot's sight field serves as stretch link in the kinematics model of the humanoid head and neck robot. The target position calculated by the binocular camera system is translated to the aim point, where the link mechanism moves to in the mathematic model. Damped least squares inverse kinematics method, which is used to eliminated the joint singularity, is modified to make the redundant humanoid head and neck robot moves like human being. The modified algorithm not only makes the robot to avoid the singularity in the movement, but also guarantees joint limit avoidance, comfortable joint movement and produces natural-looking postures. Simulation and experiment results show that the modified algorithm is more robust and stable.

Considering the training task planning and active rehabilitation control design for lower limb rehabilitation, a gait trajectory planning strategy was proposed according to the damaged limb and the control algorithm to complete the active rehabilitation training. The gait trajectory planning method can adjust adaptively the deviation between the training trajectory and normal gait trajectory on the demand of different limbs. Impedance control can enhance the active forces of the damaged limb in training. Adaptive sliding mode control can eliminate the influence of model structure uncertainty and parameter uncertainty, which are caused by external forces due to muscle spasm in training, and is robust to nonlinearity of the system. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective to the adaptive gait trajectory planning and active compliant control for different damaged limbs in gait rehabilitation training, and the tracking accuracy is higher.

In order to alleviate the chartering problem of the traditional sliding model control, an adaptive supper-twisting controller was designed for the spacecraft soft landing on asteroids. The controller has a simple algorithm structure and does not need to know the upper bound of the external disturbance's derivative. First, the control problem of soft landing was formulated as the stabilization of a nonlinear system. Second, a feedback control based on the spheric harmonic expansion model of the asteroid gravity was applied to decouple the system. Then, three adaptive supper-twisting controllers were designed to stabilize the subsystems. Simulations of soft landing on the Eros433 were performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller. The simulation results were compared with the traditional adaptive sliding mode control to show the advantages of the proposed controller.

Traditional clustering methods can be applied to the research of overlapping community detection directly with link similarity. However, Link Clustering (LC) method does not consider the relationship between non-neighbor links in the calculation of link similarity. In this paper, two link similarity strategies are proposed based on the maxima and minima non-neighbor (MLS) in order to overcome the shortcomings of the original link clustering. The two link similarity strategies consider the minimum and maximum conditions of link similarity relationships. Then, a link clustering method is put forward based on MLS strategies (MLC) with EQ evaluation. Experimental results on three real-world networks show that the proposed MLC method achieves better performance than the original LC method, classical CPM method and Extended Link Clustering (ELC) method under several evaluation criteria.

A new reasoning method based on successful backtracking is proposed, and a new corresponding constraint solving algorithm, named MAC_BTS, is developed. It is proved that the worst-case time complexity is O(ned³) on a branch. A large number of experimental results show that the proposed algorithm, MAC_BTS, is more efficient, which can obtain the accelerations about 10% to 20% (even 50% in some problems) compared with the popular existing constraint solving algorithms MAC3rm and MAC_LC.

Although the classical global shape recognition algorithm is efficient, it is not good enough to deal with the deformation. The local shape recognition algorithm has a good retrieval rate, however, the discriminability still needs improvement. To solve these problems, a fusion framework based on the classification of characteristic points is proposed, which not only takes the advantages of global and local shape recognition algorithms, but also makes up for the lacks of the two algorithms. Some classic shape recognition algorithms build the shape feature histogram by extracting the characteristic points. Based on this, these points are further classified that different shape recognition algorithms are applied to different kinds of points. The matching results are then fused to make full used of the advantages of the global and local shape feature descriptors. Experiment results show that the proposed framework can effectively combine different algorithms to achieve the shape recognition and get better results.

Box-counting algorithm is an important approach to inspect the fractal property of complex networks. However, it neglects the weight of edges. To address this problem, a novel two-step box-counting algorithm is proposed, which is a clustering method. The proposed algorithm is applied to Fractal Cluster for Uncovering Community (FCUC). In FCUC, the nodes are clustered by two-step covering-box algorithm, and the fractal tree progress is mapped to a tree structure. Community structure can be uncovered through cutting the fractal tree according to evaluation function. Extensive tests on artificial networks and real networks give excellent results.

A group of time series data of Hela cells is transformed to Fourier spectrum by Fourier analysis. A support vector machine based monitoring learning algorithm is proposed. This algorithm is applied to pick out the Housekeeping IncRNAs from the Fourier spectrum, which can extract important features of the system, providing a basis for identifying the specific RNAs expression patterns. Using the above method 510 human Housekeeping genes are confirmed, which are then identified by comparison with two standard sets of human tissue specific expression profiles. Results show that the proposed method can give more reliable Housekeeping IncRNAs than three existing identifying methods.

To overcome the problems of multiple sessions' interference and mesh clients' imbalance load, a new Load and Interference-aware Multicast Channel Assignment (LIMCA) algorithm was proposed. The proposed algorithm comprehensively considers the factors, such as intra-flow interference, inter-flow interference and load, and assigns partially overlapped channels to nodes with larger load-interference weights preferentially in order to reduce interference and improve network capacity. NS-3 simulation results indicate that the LIMCA algorithm can achieve higher average network throughput, lower average packet loss ratio and average end-to-end delay in comparison with Multi-channel Multicast (MCM) algorithm.

A two-layer centralized spectrum sharing scheme based on priority queue (PQTL-CSS) is designed for Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks (CCRN). By recruiting a secondary user as relay, the primary transmission is accomplished with assistance. The proposed mechanism extends the traditional data cooperation to management collaboration, with which Cooperative Secondary User (CSU) coordinates the access of other cognitive nodes. Then, a two-layer centralized management structure is formed by the primary user and CSU corporately. On the premise that the highest priority of primary user is guaranteed, the CSU is given higher access authority in comparison with those non-cooperative secondary users, as a reward of assisting the primary's data transmission. Simulation is conducted with regard to the delay and throughput performance of different types of user. Results show that the proposed PQTL-CSS can achieve dynamic and highly efficient spectrum sharing of multiple types of node in the situation where traffic is of high randomness.

To solve the joint optimization problem of energy efficiency and customer service quality of the base station in a cellular network, considering the actual connection principle between base station and the user terminal of cellular network, a mathematical model is established that reflects the base station energy efficiency and user terminal service. The chaotic search algorithm based on power function carrier technology is applied to solve the optimization problem. The convergence of the algorithm is proved. Simulation results validate the model and the feasibility of the algorithm.

In order to investigate the influence of imperfect sensing results on system performance in cognitive radio networks, considering the possible sensing errors, such as misdetection and false alarm, in dynamic channel bonding strategy, a modified preemptive priority queueing model with multi-server synchronous interruption is established. Using the method of matrix geometric solution, performance measures in terms of interference ratio of primary user packets, channel utilization and average delay of secondary user packets are derived, then the trade-off between different performances measures is revealed with numerical results. By constructing a system cost function, the optimum design for the dynamic channel bonding strategy with imperfect channel sensing is presented.

A fast estimation algorithm for Direction of Departure (DOD) and Direction of Arrival (DOA) in bistatic MIMO radar is proposed. This algorithm should be used in conjunction with an existing algorithm to perform the estimation. First, the DOD is estimated by an existing algorithm. Then the estimated DOD is used to divide the multi-objective model into many single-objective models. Finally, the DOA can be estimated quickly without Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and peak search. Besides, no pair procedure needs to be implemented in this process. The main advantage of the proposed algorithm is that it can simplify the original algorithm and ensure the estimation accuracy. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm.

To overcome the reliance on the pickup platform parameters of elemental image array generation method, which combines discrete viewpoint pickup with window interception, we proposed an adaptive window interception algorithm based on the object to generate an elemental image array. First, the discrete viewpoint image array is acquired using the discrete viewpoint pickup platform. Then, the imaging area of the object in every viewpoint image is calculated. Then, the interception window is generated according to the restriction on the parameters of the interception window from the imaging area, and the discrete viewpoint image array is processed into a sub-image array with the interception window. Finally, the sub-image array is transformed into the corresponding elemental image array. Experimental results show that, without the pickup platform parameters, the proposed method can generate the same elemental image array as the traditional method can, which will boost the universality of the discrete viewpoint image array and the generation efficiency of the elemental image array.

We present an algorithm that automatically and accurately segments the cartilages from Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) of knees using multi-feature Support Vector Machine (SVM) and elastic region growing. First, adaptive canny edge detection is used to extract the main edges of the images. Second, the edge features are extracted and the edges are classified with SVM to complete the location of the cartilage edges. Then, based on the cartilage edges, the seeds and regions of the cartilage are chosen, and the preliminary segmentation of knee cartilages is achieved using the elastic region growing. Finally, the priori knowledge and morphology are used to improve the preliminary segmentation results. Experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately and rapidly segment the knee cartilages with high consistency with manual segmentation results. The proposed method obtains average DSC values of 0.8543, 0.8280 and 0.8703 for the femoral, tibial and patellar cartilages.

A method is proposed to inpaint depth map, which combines the Weight Joint Bilateral Filter (WJBF) with Depth Compensation Filter (DCF). First, the color image and the depth map are aligned, and then the holes and noises of the depth map are filtered using WJBF. Finally, the blurs of edges are reduced using DCF. The proposed method is compared with three common depth map enhancement methods from qualitative and quantitative analyses. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve better performance.

In this paper, the Magnetic Resonance Images (MRIs) of lumbar disc are taken as the research objects, and the Canny edge detection algorithm is applied to extract the edge. To overcome the problem that the difference of the gray of the MRI edge is not obvious, enhance contrast and sharpening processing are used to process the image in advance. To solve the problem that in Canny algorithm Gaussian filter may lead to noise sensitivity, the Gaussian filter is replaced by an average filter to improve the performance of the Canny algorithm. Experimental results show that, compared with traditional algorithm, the noise of the image is reduced by 90% by using the improved Canny algorithm to detect MRI after enhancing the contrast.

In order to extract salient object in natural image more precisely, a now method to extract salient object is proposed. First, a fast dictionary learning algorithm is developed for feature extraction based on sparse coding theory. Then, the rarity of the dictionary atoms is computed by the statistical analysis of the corresponding sparse coefficients, and saliency computation is conducted based on the feature rarity. Finally, the mathematical morphology operators are applied to remove the false object. Experimental results show that the proposed method is more accurate for extracting the salient object in natural images than four existing methods and can deal with images containing multiple objects as well.

In the Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) transmitting systems, which are used in narrow places such as coal mine and tunnel, usually multi-turn coils are used. For such a big inductive load, ideal pulse current waveform is the goal for TEM transmitting system. A TEM transmitting waveform control strategy is proposed based on inductive load. Digital logic controller is used to control the transmitting timing sequence precisely. The voltage stabilized clamping circuit is adopted to study the damping resistance circuit. A novel turn-off time measurement technology is proposed and a special RCD snubber circuit is designed to improve the transmitting waveform. Field experimental results show that the transmitting current waveform has the characteristics of short turn-off time, high current falling-edge linearity, without overshoot anf oscillation, and accurate turn-off time measurement.

To overcome the problems of low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and poor anti- interference ability of the transient electromagnetic instrument, a transient electromagnetic receiving system based on LabVIEW and USB4432 acquisition card. For the convenience of application, the system adopts GPS synchronization. To solve the problem of weak SNR during later measurement, a double-channel differential preamplifier circuit is built, which uses low noise amplifier. A fourth-order low-pass filter is also designed using UAF42 to suppress high-frequency noise. To improve the stability and expansibility of the system, a PC control procedure is programmed by Graphical Programming Language. Testing results show that the proposed system can work stably and has high SNR. It can be used to collect transient electromagnetic signal.

This paper presents a optimization method of slanting surfaces of a five-sided pyramidal probe based on quantified relations between the relative resolution of each magnetic gradient tensor's independent component and inclination of the probe. The optimal inclination was chosen on the basis of the range and maximum value of the five relative resolutions of the independent components. Finally, simulation results quantify the influence of surface tilt error on the measurement results, and identify the processing accuracy of the probe.

In order to improve the precision of the strain measurement based on fibber grating, on the basis of finite element analysis of the substrate shape of fiber grating sensor, a kind of strain sensor is designed, which has the sensitizing effect of preload packaged fiber grating. Then, the calibration of the synergism effect of the substrate FBG sensor is carried out using the uniform strength beam. The experimental results demonstrate a high sensitivity of 0.857 pm/με, which is 1.18 times of the sensitivity of the normal substrate FBG sensor. A tensile fatigue test of 10000 cycles was carried out on MTS testing machine as a compromise to test the duration. After the fatigue test, bimodal distribution is not observed on the spectrum of the FBG sensor, and creep deformation does not occur on the sensor, showing good fatigue properties.

The habitat is an indispensable condition that guarantees the living and development of human beings. It is a vital bionic resource as important as biological model and life model. Imitating the mystery and excellent resource management system contained in natural environment, natural phenomena and natural ecology of habitat is the "return to nature" design. Such a design can truly achieve sustainable resource and energy, as well as the harmony between human beings and nature. This will become a new bionic field for original innovation. This article reveals the interaction and variation of different environmental factors, explores the operation mechanism of organic blend of life and non-life in nature, and regards these facts to conduct bionic design for habitat. Hence more green and sustainable bionic products will be invented and developed to meet the requirements of natural environment, humanistic environment and engineering environment.