For a developed dual-planetary hybrid system, the supper capacitor was selected as the only power resource and the parameters of ultra capacitor were matched. Based on fuzzy control theory and the target fuel economy, the optimal curve of the engine control strategy was proposed and the concrete implementation method was given. To verify the actual effect of the control strategy, a trial bus was tested on the bench. The results show that in a typical city driving cycle, the engine working points are highly accorded to the target curve and overcome the problems in traditional control, such as engine speed fluctuation and high fuel rate. The fuel consumption of fuzzy control algorithm of the vehicle is 21.44 L/100 km. Compared with the traditional PI control algorithm, the economizing rate increases 4.88%.

FEM is an important method to predict the tooth root bending stress of driving axle hypoid gear of automobile. However, it is difficult to accurately determine the constraint condition of the FEM model. To solve this problem, a finite element analysis method of hypoid gear tooth root bending stress based on the whole drive axle model is established. Simulation results of obtained from the proposed method are compared with that of rig test. ABAQUS/Standard software is used to establish the static state engagement model of hypoid gears of the driving axle. Results show that, while hypoid gears of the driving axle are meshing, the maximum bending stress of the pinion appears near the heal; the tooth roots bear the comprehensive stress first, then shift to tensile stress. On the contrary, the maximum bending stress of the big gear appears near the toe; the tooth roots bear the tensile stress first, then shift to comprehensive stress. Finally, the gear tooth root bending stress was measured on a driving axle static torsional test rig. Comparison of the test and simulation results demonstrates that the proposed FEM model is reliable and such modeling method can be applied to similar analysis of gear tooth root bending stress.

In order to determine the degree of vehicle-liquid coupling in different conditions, four dynamic models are developed, all of which consist of vehicle handling dynamics model and liquid model. The difference of the four models is in the liquid model: 1, rigid cargo model, 2, quasi-static liquid model, 3, lateral equivalent pendulum model, 4, complicated CFD liquid slosh model. The Under different handling conditions and different intensity, the responses calculated by the four models are compared. The excited degree of various response components of liquid sloshing and its influence on vehicle handling dynamics are analyzed. The results may provide guidance for the development of more suitable simplified model and active stability control of tank vehicles.

In order to improve the performance of rolling resistance and service life of Passenger Car Radial (PCR) tires, the PCR tire 205/55R16 is taken as the research object, and the finite element models of the tire free-rolling and the temperature field are established using Abaqus and Fluent software. The temperature and the rolling resistance are tested by a tire rolling r4esistance testing machine to validate the reliability of the simulation models. The contour theory is presented based on the full stress design theory. Combined with the simulation model, the outer contour of the radial tire is optimized using the evolutionary structural optimization, The results show that, compared with existing contour, the modified contour based on the full stress theory can be applied to reduce the weight of the tire, while decrease the rolling resistance. It is helpful to reduce the strain energy density gradient of the tier shoulder, which can improve the service life of the tier. In addition, the rational distribution of rubber parts can improve the performance of PCR tiers.

A new energy optimization strategy for Toyota PRIUS hybrid electric vehicle is proposed based on the linear optimal control theory. In this strategy a quadratic performance index is built combined with several rules to restrict frequent and large-scale fluctuation on engine output power, thus, realizing direct reduction of fuel consumption while still maintaining the vehicle good driving performance. Based on the second development of ADVISOR software, the vehicle simulation model is established to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Simulation results show that the energy optimization strategy has better oil-saving effect than the rule-based energy management strategy over different driving cycles.

A Convolution Neural Network (CNN) based vehicle detection method was proposed. First, an edge enhancement-based road detection and an adaptive shadow segmentation approaches are put forward to resolve the grayscale variation on the road and reduce the influence of the lighting variation. Then, the CNN structure applied to the road traffic environment is determined to train the established sample sets. On the basis of this, the vehicle region, which is wrongly detected as the vehicle shadow, is recognized by CNN and removed from the preliminary detection results, thus, the final vehicle shadow is obtained. Finally, CNN is modified to three classification to verify the advantages of a strong expandability of this method. The experimental results show that this method is effective in various conditions and meets the accuracy requirement, decreasing the false positive rate.

A time-domain finite difference method with implicit Wendroff difference format is proposed, which can be applied to the time-domain transient response analysis of auto-harness-wire crosstalk. Because of containing implicit artificial viscous term, this method can weaken non-physical oscillation phenomenon in discontinuous solutions in some degree, which is caused by the discretization of spatial coordinates, thus improving the accuracy of the calculation results. At the same time, being free of stability conditions, its calculation efficiency is greatly raised. In numerical experiments of non-uniform double conductor transmission line system and three conductor transmission line system, under the premise of ensuring the accuracy of calculation, the computational efficiency is improved by about 60% and 70% respectively, which are obviously superior to other two methods. Three dimensional figures of time-space current and voltage distributions on the three cables are given, all of which intuitively and clearly show the change of time and space position relations for current and voltage on transmission line.

The test driving displacement spectrum is calculated based on the real measured railway track irregularity spectrum. Based on the recurrence of the railway track irregularity spectrum on a bogie test rig, a method is proposed to verify the test bench reproduction effect of the track irregularity. In this method, the decoupling calculation of the 3D movements of the platform is realized through the multi-point measurement of the moving platform. According to the decoupling method, parameter formulas of the horizontal, vertical and directional track irregularities were derived. The displacements of four points of the moving platform were real-time measured by four laser sensors, and based on the measured data, the real-time lateral and vertical displacements and roll angle were calculated. Experimental results show that the proposed verification method is feasible, and the railway track irregularity spectrum can be accurately reproduced on the test rig, which can provide ideal test conditions for line simulation test.

Based on the vehicle braking performance and application of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to screen gaze characteristic index, a vehicle distance calculation method and gaze point heat-map generation method were proposed to analyze the vehicle braking performance and gaze variation under normal state or a small amount of alcohol. The braking distance and the whole braking traveled distance under normal state and small amount of alcohol state were calculated to analyze the influence of small amount of alcohol on the braking performance. The gaze point heat-map and the percentage of fixation counts in the Area of Interesting (AOI) to the total fixation counts were compared between drivers of normal state and under effect of small amount of alcohol. Results show that, under the effect of small amount of alcohol, the braking distance is shortened, the response time is increased, the focus on the AOI is reduced and number of fixations is relatively divergent.

Left-turn guide lines are often applied to conduct left-turn trajectories. A working model is developed to determine the left-turn guide line at right-angled intersection with permitted left-turning phase based on intersection geometry. This model includes two parts, the inboard and outboard left-turn guide lines. The spatiotemporal data of left-turning vehicles were collected. The shifted-exponential function, which was found to be the most appropriate to fit turning left-turn trajectories, was employed in the model as its basic formula. Then, combining the intersection geometry, the starting point and ending point along the turning trajectory and potential conflict points between left-turns and opposed flows were analyzed. According to the coordinates of the three points, the parameters in the model were determined. A case study was conducted to verify the model. The results of this study may provide guidelines for proper channelization of left-turn guide line at right-angled intersection.

With the rapid development of vehicle safety driving assistant technique, drivers need to operate other non-driving tasks during the driving period. This may cause increase in the driver's workload. Evaluating the workload by monitoring the driver's physical and psychological signals is one of the basic research methods. The nighttime driving behavior in the driving simulator was studied. Four types of driving experiments, single driving task experiments at day and night, master-slave driving task experiments at day and night, were carried out. On the basis of physiological data and mental workload subject evaluation, the changes of the physical parameters were calculated and analyzed using statistical method. The results show that, compared to daytime driving, the nighttime driving mental workload of the driver is much higher. In the process of master-slave nighttime driving experiment, driver subjective pressure increases significantly, and it is in proportion to the difficulty of the experiment task. ECG and EEG physiological index indicators show that the significant difference and respiratory frequency are different. At the same time, respiratory rate and galvanic skin index change are not obvious. The experimental results can be used in the nighttime road traffic safety evaluation.

To achieve arterial coordination and improve operational efficiency, the space-time characteristics of vehicle queuing at adjacent intersections were analyzed based on the consideration of vehicle arriving in a general state of traffic-wave in coordinated signal control system. Then, the internal mechanism of arterial coordination was considered that the queue was dissipated as vehicle reached the end of the queue. According to the aggregation and dispersion of queue, intersection offset model based on traffic-wave theory was established. Giving the intersections relevance and the relationship between demand and supply, the optimization strategy for arterial control parameter was proposed. Intersections on Lijinag Road, Qingdao City, were used as example to verify the feasibility and practicability of the offset model and optimization strategy for cycle, signal phase and split. The results indicate that the control method has remarkable effect on vehicle travel time and vehicle stopping times.

To confirm the correlation between angular speed, δ_s, of steering wheel and the driver's workload, real long mileage vehicle driving tests under natural common behavior on four two-lane mountain highways were conducted, in which the driver's heart rate and steering input were collected. The Heart Rate Increase (HRI) was used as an intermediary to analyze the relationship between δ_s and driver's workload. Results show that: (1) A driver's heart rate in overtaking is significantly higher than that in calm state; when overtaking a heavy truck, the driver's HRI is much higher than that overtaking a passenger car; the hear rate greatly increases before an overtaking is started. (2) A driver's heart rate increases when traveling on a curve, the shaper the curve, the higher the increase of the heart rate; in addition, in the range of a circular curve, the angle input of the steering wheel reaches a peak value and then starts to decrease, that is not in a fixed position. (3) Whether in condition of overtaking or curve negotiating, there is positive correlation between driver's HRI and δ_s, but comparatively, driver's HRI in overtaking is more sensitive to δ_s.

In order to access the performance of compacted soil of highway subgrade in arid and semiarid regions during the service period, the shear strength properties of engineering clayed soil at different dehydration levels were studied by triaxial compression test. The effect of the water loss rate on the shear strength parameters and on the shear strength was studied, and the effect mechanism was analyzed. Taking the water loss rate into consideration, the relationship equations of cohesion, internal friction angle and shear strength were established. Results show that the dehydration of the compacted clayed soil can remarkably improve its shear strength parameters and shear strength. The cohesion, internal friction angle and shear strength all increase with the water loss rate. The cohesion ad shear strength are exponential functions of the water loss rate, but the internal friction angle is a quadratic function of the water loss rate. Dehydration of compacted clayey soil can enhance the load bearing capacity and stability of highway subgrade. This study may provide theoretical and technical reference for the design and construction of clayey soil subgrade in arid and semiarid regions.

The microstructures of three kinds of asphalts (matrix asphalt, Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified asphalt and rubber powder modified asphalt) before and after freezing throwing cycles were studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The interaction mechanism of the modified agent and the asphalt was analyzed. Results show that the combination of SEM and AFM is more accurate in observing the change of the microstructure of asphalt in complex environment. The structures of different kinds of asphalt can be destroyed under the coupling effect of deicing salt and freezing-throwing. However, the rubber powder modified asphalt can still maintain a better state after repeated freezing-thawing cycles, indicating good low temperature adaptability.

Asphalt mastic is regarded as a two-phase composite with asphalt matrix and embedded-matrix coated mineral filler. A micromechanical model is established to predict the dynamic shear modulus of asphalt mastic. The generalized Maxwell model and elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle are used in this model based on the simplified Christensen-Lo model solutions. The DSR tests for asphalt mastic are conducted to verify the proposed model, and the model parameters affecting the modulus prediction are explored. The results show that, compared with measured modulus, the predicted modulus is acceptable for asphalt with 10% filler volume fraction. However, with filler volume fractions of 20% and 30%, the predicted moduli are smaller than the measured ones, and the discrepancy mainly results from the interaction between filler particles at higher volume fraction. The percolation theory is then introduced to obtained a new modified model, by which the predicted moduli agree with measured ones. The elastic modulus of the fillers has a slight effect on the predicted moduli, and the increase in volume fraction of filler leads to the increase in the predicted modulus.

To improve the mechanical property of common glued-lumber beam, an reinforcing method is proposed, that steel plate is fixed on the bottom of beam by pasting or screwing. Bending test of 21 beams were conducted to analyze the influences of steel plate thickness, with or without the screwing on beam failure mode, bearing capacity and deformation capacity in comparison with common clued-lumber beam. The bearing capacities are respectively increased by 73.3%, 90.0% and 71.0% by pasting steel plates with thickness of 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm, indicating that as the thickness of the steel plate increases the bearing capacity increases first then decreases. When both pasting and screwing are used with the above values of thickness, the bearing capacities are increased by 76.4%, 96.9% and 148.6% respectively, indicating that bearing capacity increases with the thickness of the steel plate, and the reinforcing effect of thicker steel plate is obvious. With steel plate reinforcement, the ultimate deformation is increased by 6.2% to 61.1% than that of common glued-lumber beam, and the influences of the steel plate thickness and screwing are similar to that of bearing capacity. After verification of the glued-lumber beam reinforced with steel plate conformed on the plain section, the bending capacity calculation formula of similar constructional member is proposed. The average error between the theoretical value and testing value is less than 10%.

In order to optimize the selection of bridge design scheme, an optimization model of bridge design scheme based on AHP-TOPSIS was established. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was introduced into the model to optimize the selection of the bridge design scheme. Ten evaluation indicators were selected and the weights of the indicators were determined using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to avoid shortcoming that the indicator weights were influenced by the subjectivity of the decision maker. The method improved the scientificalness and objectivity of indicator weights. This model was applied to evaluate four schemes of crossing bridge design. The comprehensive superiorities of the four schemes were calculated as: 62.5%, 74.6%, 18.1% and 64.6%. So the schemes were ranked as Y₂>Y₄>Y₁>Y₃, and scheme Y₂ was the optimal one. Scheme Y₂ was applied to bridge construction and good results were achieved.

The effects of idle speed and throttle opening on the engine shutdown characteristics and the realization of direct start mode were studied on a 4G15 gasoline direct injection engine. Results show that the average number of rotations during the shutdown process significantly increases with the idle speed. However, when the throttle opening is small, simply raising the idle speed before shutdown, the effect for cylinder exhaust scavenging is limited, and the final stop phase of the expansion cylinder piston has great randomness, which was difficult to the realization of direct start mode. With the increase in the throttle opening, the number of rotations of the crankshaft increases, the final stop phase range of the piston in the expansion cylinder decreases, and the stop probability in the middle position of the cylinder significantly decreases. At the same time, increasing the throttle opening is also a very effective method to remove the residual gas inside the cylinder, which can significantly increase the success probability of the first cycle ignition and the direct starting.

Axial movement of wet clutch friction pair caused by lubricating oil flow is one of the serious factors increasing drag losses and clutch failures. In order to study the friction pair axial movement caused by lubricating oil flow, a large eddy simulation model, wall adaptive local eddy viscosity model, was imported into a 2D single phase free surface mesoscopic model using lattice Boltzmann method to establish the friction parts and lubricating oil's fluid-solid-interaction LBM-LES digital simulation system under pressured lubricating condition. The influences of the relative position of oil nozzles, oil flow quantity and oil temperature on the friction pair axial moving process were investigated by digital simulation. Simulation results reveal that the friction pair axial motion law was affected by the position of oil nozzles and oil flow quantity. According to the simulation results, a novel oil groove was designed in place of traditional oil holes to inhibit the axial flow-caused-motion effect of the friction parts. This study may provide a theoretical basis for wet clutch improvement.

In order to comfort and protect human eyes in an environment with strong lights using color-changing glasses, a microfluidic liquid color-changing glasses is presented. Instead of traditional mechanical machining, soft lithography technology is applied for the fabrication of the color-changing layer made of transparent polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Surface modification treatment is used for realizing irreversibly bonding of PDMS color-changing layer with substrate lens (glass/optical resin) to form liquid color-changing lens with closed microfluidic channels. A valveless piezoelectric micro-pump is designed and micromachined, which is used to control the liquid circulation in the channel on the lens to realize color-changing function of the glasses. The color-changing response times of the glasses under different voltage amplitudes and frequencies are tested by experiments. Compared with conventional solid photochromic glasses, the microfluidic liquid color-changing glasses controlled by valveless piezoelectric micro-pump show faster response, higher controllability and better reversibility.

The double-stator hydraulic components are introduced briefly, and several new pressure control loops based on such double-stator hydraulic pumps and motors are proposed. The main advantage of the new proposed pressure control loops is that they can not only output a variety of pressure and flow rate, but also save energy in most time and eliminate the pressure interference between systems. This new multi-pump and anti-speed motor system is a new kind of hydraulic transmission. This research can help to simplify the system, realize multi-pressure and multi-speed control loop and improve the efficiency.

In order to pursue non-contact solder paste jetting to meet the high precision, fast speed and strong flexibility requirements in modern electronic packaging technology, a solder paste jetting valve driven by piezostack is designed. The system uses piezostack as the driving source, and adopts the striking injection technology to jet solder paste. First, solder paste jetting is theoretically analyzed and the influences of needle structure, nozzle diameter and needle striking speed on the solder paste jetting are investigated using Fluent software. Then, the jetting testing system is set up and the effects of the gap between nozzle and needle, the valve opening time and the driving pressure on the diameter of solder paste droplet are obtained.

The effects of grease filling amount on the temperature rise, friction torque and vibration performance of bearing were investigated on a high-speed rolling bearing test rig and the use of a BRG3000 bearing torque tester. Test results show that under high speed condition grease filling amount has non-linear relationship with bearing temperature rise, friction torque and vibration, unlike the positive relationship between the grease filling amount and temperature rise under middle and low speed condition. There exists an optimum grease filling amount that results in the best comprehensive performance of the bearing, including temperature rise, friction torque and vibration. Considering a lower temperature rise, the optimum value also results in a lower vibration. Under the given working condition the optimum value is 15% of the free volume, which is less than the 26% free volume recommended by FAG supper precision bearings catalog.

In the measurement of cylindricity errors of shaft parts using machine vision technology, severely distorted fishy lens will influenced the precision. To overcome this problem, a new method is proposed based on structured light vision technology. In this method, the projected structure light is approximate parallel to the direction of the measured axis. The field of view is divided into multi-regions according to the characteristics of the shaft elements and the distribution of the lens distortion, then multi-regions calibration is carried out. The multi-calibration model, the data extraction and data processing methods are given. The feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method are verified by measuring a standard shaft. Results show that the measuring accuracy of a shaft, diameter of 27.68 mm and length of 300 mm, is 20 μm. The method not only satisfies the sampling requirements of geometrical specification, but also has the advantages of non-contact, high efficiency and online measurement, which provides reliable data for cylindricity evaluation.

An optimized Block inversion method is proposed in order to satisfy the high accuracy requirement of the aquifer boundary with Magnetic Resonance Sounding (MRS). The priori information is established from the derivative result of the Smooth inversion, which provides the smooth distribution of the water content. Based on the Tikhonov regularized inversion theory, the interactive scheme of Block inversion is deduced and solved. The Block inversion provides the exact boundary and water content of the aquifer. The introduction of priori information resolves the problems of instability and low reliability compared with traditional Block inversion. A series of synthetic models with one or more aquifers under different blocks, noise levels, depths and thicknesses are simulated. Results show that the accuracy of the aquifer boundary from the proposed Block inversion method is superior to Smooth inversion, and the anti-interference ability and stability are stronger. A field case study of the MRS measurement proves that the optimized Block inversion based on priori information satisfies the requirements of inversion accuracy and stability. The proposed the method could also provide more details for an aquifer with complex internal structure.

In order to detect surface defect of engine cylinder head, accuracy size data of the surface is needed. A visual detect device of engine cylinder head is designed, and a new calibration method is proposed for the purpose of correcting the linear array camera lens distortion. First, according to the detecting requirements, height and angle data of the linear array camera is determined using high-accuracy detection system. Second, by establishing the mathematical model of the linear array camera image, ignoring the distortion, the image center coordinates with respect to the optical axis are obtained, and the camera parameters are acquired by least square method. Finally, considering lens distortion, a mathematical distortion model is established. The obtained parameters are used as the initial values to solve the distortion parameters using minimum error method. Experimental results indicate that this algorithm can get higher accuracy and stability. The maximum distortion is less than ±0.25 pixel, and the average measuring error is 0.356%, which can meet the requirements of practical engineering and has high practical value.

Chinese mitten crabs, Eriocheir sinensis, were chosen as the research subjects, and four bionic walking feet were designed based on the structure of dactylopodite, including cone foot, cone foot with grooves, pyramid foot and cylinder foot with grooves. Cylinder foot was the prototype for comparison. Experiments for walking feet were carried out in sand and soil with different moisture content. The characteristics of resisting subsidence, energy consumption and propulsion performance of the feet were investigated. Results show that, compared with the prototype, bionic walking feet have superior mechanical characteristics. The energy consumption of the bionic feet was lower, the intrusion energy consumption was 95.12% lower, and the extraction energy consumption was 45.88% to 91.23% lower than the prototype. For cylinder foot with grooves, the bearing force in the medium increased by 6.61% to 21.81%, and the propulsive force increased by 5.30% to 20.88% compared to the prototype. It indicates that the resisting subsidence and propulsion performance of the cylinder foot with grooves are better than the prototype.

Ti-B-C-N power was sintered by hot pressing sintering and spark plasma sintering methods. The sintering temperatures were 1900 ℃ and 1450 ℃, the sintering pressing pressures were 20 MPa and 40 MPa, and the sintering times were 1 h and 3 min, respectively. The phase composition wa analyzed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The surface morphology and fracture morphology of the sintered samples were observed with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The hardness and transverse rupture strength of the sintered samples were investigated. The results show that the sintered samples were mainly composed of phases TiB₂ and TiCN, the relative densities were 97.40% and 93.06%. The density of hot pressing sample was higher and particle size was significantly grown up. The transverse rupture strengths were 259.98 MPa and 335.17 MPa, the hardness (HRA) were 78.8 and 84.9, the elastic moduli were 89.11 GPa and 162.92 GPa, respectively. The spark plasma sintered samples show better mechanical properties.

To make a quadruped robot run on rough terrain with less vibration on the pitch angle of the torso, a gait based hopping control approach with a passive joint is proposed. A planar kinematic model is built based on the supporting phase with at least one front stance leg and one rear stance leg, such as trotting gait. The control of 3-dof planar movements of the torso is decoupled by the virtual model and force distribution control. In the hopping control, the hopping cycle is controlled by the energy planning and active independence control on vertical direction, the horizontal velocity is controlled by a proportion control, and the pitch angle is held by a position control with high gain. The control approach and its robustness are verified by the experiments in virtual physical simulation environment.

In order to decrease the energy consumption of the inspection robot for high-voltage transmission lines and control the downslope speed, a speed control method without motive power is proposed. The proposed method combines the regenerative braking and dynamic braking. By analyzing the force of the robot in downslope process, speed control and energy recovery schemes are designed, which combine front wheel regenerative braking and rear wheel dynamic braking. According to the catenary construction feature of the lines, a strategy to control the robot at constant speed without motive power in the downslope process is presented. Based on characteristic analysis of the front and rear wheels when the robot is going downslope at constant speed without motive power, the range of speed of the direct current dynamo of front wheel for energy feedback is obtained. The speed control of the rear wheel energy consumption is realized by adjusting PWM wave duty cycle. The PWM wave duty cycle error of the control system, which is caused by the factors, such as sensor check and line working conditions, is corrected by adopting RBF neural network control model. Experiments are carried out on both simulated and real high-voltage transmission lines. Results show that the proposed method can achieve the purpose of downslope speed control and saving energy consumption.

The existing methods of engine fault detection and isolation are based on open-loop control, which are not applicable to closed-loop control systems. In this paper a new fault detection and isolation method for closed-loop control systems is presented. The validity of this method is verified by simulation results. First, the method was tested on the nonlinear simulation of SI engines, the Mean Value Engine Model (MVEM) with different faults was simulated. The neural network based engine air path model was constructed, which was trained with engine input/output data. Then Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network was used to model the SI engine. The drawback of the training data acquisition was analyzed and a new data acquisition method was proposed, that greatly improved the model accuracy.

For ammonia coverage of urea-SCR systems, whose state is not measurable, a reduced-order observer method based on Input-to-state Stability (ISS) is proposed. The errors of sensor measurement including temperature, exhaust gas flow rate are considered as additional disturbance inputs. The observer is designed in order that the error dynamics is input-to-state stable, and the guideline for selecting the controller parameters is given. The transient performance of the proposed observer is tested on an validated enDYNA diesel model with urea-SCR aftertreatment systems. Comparing with common mechanism observer, the proposed observer has better performance.

In order to reduce power consumption in real-time system, a Lower Power Dynamic Scheduling Algorithm for Sporadic Task (LP-DSAFST) is proposed based on balancing factor. The LP-DSAFST algorithm is divided into two phases. The first phase scales the processor speed according to the workload of the release task. The second phase dynamically updates the processor speed by the remaining slack time of the high-priority task and when the process has no task execution, the balancing factor is used to determine whether the processor enters into sleep mode with DPM technology. Experimental results show that the proposed LP-DSAFST algorithm outperforms the existing Dynamic Voltage Scaling for Sporadic Tasks (DVSST) and Dynamic Sporadic Task Lower Power Scheduling (DSTLPS) algorithms, which can save 10.3% ~ 62.5% and 5.4% ~ 20.6% energy consumption.

The traditional model, local scale-invariant features, does not capture some parts of the important information of an image, which will lead to bad matching result. In order to address this problem, extracting feature information from different scales in blurring space is better than the classic algorithm. A local entropy method can estimate interesting point information from its surrounding, which can obtain more image content. This paper provides a new image feature description based on local entropy. First, the orient histograms from different scales within different Gaussians space are computed, and each local entropy value is estimated from each scale level. Then, all of the descriptors of the same interesting point are fussed based on the ratio of each entropy to the whole local entropy value of the same feature in different scale levels. Experiment results demonstrate that, compared with order out-of-state local descriptor, the two descriptors provided in this paper have strong robust under different conditions.

This paper presents a random forest prediction method based on optimization of fruit fly. This method uses fruit fly optimization algorithm to optimize the two main parameters of random forest; then, constructs a random forest optimization model. The proposed method and existing methods are compared and analyzed. Experimental results show that the proposed method not only has higher recognition accuracy, but also has high efficiency in time, and can be used as an effective tool for prediction problem.

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a swarm intelligence based optimization algorithm. It is simple in concept, easy in implementation and fast in searching. This paper aims at improving the weak premature convergence shortcoming of traditional PSOs. Two sufficient conditions, i.e. global condition and local condition, which guarantee PSO converging to the optimality region, are proposed and verified. Moreover, two PSO variants that have Cauchy stochastic character and Gaussian stochastic character are designed based on the proposed conditions. The experimental results show that the proposed global convergent PSOs can solve the optimization problems effectively.

In order to improve the efficiency of the Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) reconstruction, a novel algorithm based on hybrid parallel genetic algorithm and threshold value method was proposed. Two parts were included in this algorithm, the solution decomposition and parameter calculation. In solution decomposition, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) method was used to obtain the solutions, which are capable in math framework. The threshold value method was used to reduce the unnecessary edges in the network, which can improve the efficiency and is suitable for the rules in bioinformatics. In parameter calculation, parallel genetic algorithm was used for optimizing the parameters in the whole solution space and hill climbing method was used to calculate the solutions in small region. In experiments, the proposed algorithm was validated on both melanoma data and diabetes data. The results of this work were compared with the results of real network in bioinformatics and the results of genetic algorithm and swarm particle algorithm, which demonstrate the higher efficiency of the proposed method.

NAND flash memory is more and more widely applied in data storage systems. However, NAND flash memory has some inherent characteristics of asymmetric I/O latencies for read and write operations, erase-before-write and limited erase cycles, which are different from those of disk operations. So the existing traditional buffer algorithms for disk are not suitable for flash-based storage systems. Aiming to design an efficient buffer management policy for NAND flash memory, a life-aware buffer management algorithm named LAB-LRU is proposed, which manages the buffer by using three LRU lists. A life value is defined for each buffer page to enable active pages to stay longer in the buffer. The definition of the life value gives consideration of different access frequency, recency and the cost of flash read and write operations. Moreover, the multithreading technology is adopted to monitor the use of buffer size in parallel and evict dead pages in advance. A series of trace-driven simulations are carried out. The results show that the proposed LAB-LRU algorithm significantly outperforms the previous best-known algorithms in terms of the buffer hit ratio, the numbers of flash write and read operations and the overall runtime.

In order to improve the prediction accuracy of the HIV-1 protease cleavage site, a shear prediction model based on feature selection and support vector machine is proposed. First, by analysis of the cleavage site dataset of 5830 samples, and using absorption minimum redundancy maximum relevance concept, the automatic termination method is employed to select the cleavage site feature vectors. Then, the feature vector is input to a support vector machine for learning and training to build the classification model of splice sites. Finally, simulation is carried out using MATLAB 2004 simulation toolbox. Results show that the proposed model has better prediction accuracy than that of the reference models and literature report. The selected features have good interpretability and biological significance.

In order to solve the delay problem of Sensor Medium-Access Control (S-MAC) protocol, a cross-layer MAC (RC-MAC) protocol based on routing information was proposed. A cross-layer optimization method and the network layer routing information were used in the RC-MAC to make the nodes know the advanced path, book the channel and shake hands in advance. Multiple times adaptive listen was introduced that the data in a scheduling cycle can be transmitted multiple hops, the end-to-end delay is reduced and the throughput is improved. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the RC-MAC protocol can reduce the delay time nearly 50% and improve the throughput nearly 30% in the high load situation, without introducing more energy compared with S-MAC protocol.

A method of object orientation and localization with the eigenvalue and eigenvector of magnetic gradient tensor matrix was proposed for a magnetic dipole. Using the magnetic gradient tensor as a main information and the sensor's coordinates in the reference frame as an ancillary information, first, this approach can calculate two directions from the sensor toward the object, including false and true, and then make sure the real position. In the case of high Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), the results of simulation and experiment show that the proposed method has the similar localization performance to the direct inversion, which indicates that this method can work in practice.

Cellular systems are known as interference-limited in nature. In order to meet this challenge, Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission reception is proposed in LTE-Advanced. One of the key strategies to mitigate interference in CoMP is to design the precoding. With the perfect Channel State Information (CSI) in cooperative multi-cell systems, the intra-cell and inter-cell interference can be mitigated by Block Diagonalization (BD) precoding. However, the CSI in practical systems is imperfect, so bits allocation under imperfect SCI is considered. Closed-form expressions of the upper bound of system rate loss and the number of feedback bits are derived with limited feedback and channel delay. A new bits allocation strategy is developed based on this expression, which can minimize the rate loss by making the partial derivative of the upper bound of rate lass equal to zero. The proposed bits allocation algorithm yields higher sum-rates than equal-bits allocation algorithm, and it has lower complexity than exhaustive algorithm.

To reduce the coding computational complexity of the quadtree structured Coding Unit (CU) partition process in quality Scalable High Efficiency Video Coding (SHVC), a fast Enhancement Layer (EL) coding algorithm by jointly using the inter-layer and spatio-temporal correlations was proposed. First, the CU depth range is the EL was predicted by the Base Layer (BL) depth information and some specific depth levels rarely used were skipped. Then, at each depth level, the prediction mode was fast determined using the Block Motion Complexity (BMC) based on the spatio-temporal and parent neighboring Prediction Units (PUs). Experimental results show that, compared to the SHVC encoder, the proposed algorithm can save 78% coding time on average with almost the same RD performance.

By fully exploiting the abundant edge features and the strong interband structural correlation of hyperspectral images, a spatial-spectral lossless compression algorithm for hyperspectral images is proposed using local edge based prediction. Based on the coding framework of spectral oriented least square (SLSQ), the algorithm presents a three-modes predictor, which adds a third prediction mode (no prediction) in addition to the original intraband prediction and interband prediction modes. Therefore, the proposed algorithm is more accordant with the correlation property of hyperspectral images. Considering that local diagonal edges generally exist in images, an improved diagonal edge based predictor is adopted for intraband prediction by introducing diagonal edge detection into the median predictor. For interband prediction, a simple but effective strategy for selecting the prediction context is first presented through the analysis of the property of the context when an edge exists in a local context window, followed by an interband predictor based on local edge structural similarity is used to select the optimal prediction context adaptively within the context window. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can better remove both intraband and interband correlations, improve the prediction performance and lossless compression ratio.

The temperature of atomic cell is an important factor affecting the measurement sensitivity of Spin-Exchange-Relaxation-Free (SERF) atomic magnetometer. A non-magnetism heating system with high-precision is designed and developed. In hardware design, the PTC heating device and Pt1000 temperature sensing circuit are adopted to complete the closed-lop control system. In software design, the three parameters P, I and D are set respectively for different temperatures. Meanwhile, the integral separated PID control method is used to eliminate overshoot, and an on-off heating mode is used to satisfy the requirement for ultra-low magnetic field when the magnetometer is working. Temperature control test is performed using the developed heating system. The temperature control range is 80 ℃ to 190 ℃, the accuracy is ± 0.02 ℃, and the control procedure is 60 s. In addition, the magnetic interference is less than 0.1 nT when the heating is discontinuous, which provides the reliability to promote the performance of SERF atomic magnetometer.