燃料电池膜电极的催化剂载量面分布非均匀设计

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20240478

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高燃料电池膜电极各处电流密度的大小及分布均匀性，采用多项式函数近似模拟催化剂载量的分布规律，并构建燃料电池平均电流密度和电流密度均匀性的加权目标函数。通过数值仿真求解多项式系数与加权目标函数的映射关系，进而优化分布函数。结果表明，与催化剂载量均匀分布的燃料电池相比，采用优化的非均匀催化剂载量分布的燃料电池虽然平均电流密度略有下降，但电流密度均匀性提升显著。综合考虑电流密度和均匀性，非均匀分布优于均匀分布，且一阶非均匀分布函数优势更加明显。

关键词: 质子交换膜燃料电池, 非均匀催化剂载量分布, 电流密度均匀性, 平均电流密度, 多目标优化

Abstract:

To improve the magnitude and distribution uniformity of current density at various locations of the fuel cell membrane electrode， a polynomial function is used to approximate the distribution law of catalyst loading， and a weighted objective function is constructed for the average current density and current density uniformity of the fuel cell. By using numerical simulation to solve the mapping relationship between polynomial coefficients and weighted objective function， the distribution function can be optimized. The results showed that compared with fuel cells with uniformly distributed catalyst loading， fuel cells with optimized non-uniform catalyst loading distribution showed a significant improvement in current density uniformity， although the average current density slightly decreased. Considering both the magnitude and uniformity of fuel cell current density，non-uniform catalyst loading surface surpasses the uniform one. Furthermore， the first-order distribution function indicates greater advantages.

Key words: proton exchange membrane fuel cell, non-uniform distribution of catalysts, uniformity of current density, average current density, multi-objective optimization

中图分类号:

TM911.4

杨钦文,王旭,肖罡. 燃料电池膜电极的催化剂载量面分布非均匀设计[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2025, 55(12): 3814-3821.

Qin-wen YANG,Xu WANG,Gang XIAO. Non⁃uniform design of catalyst distribution for fuel cell membrane electrode assembly[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(12): 3814-3821.

图/表 14

表1

图1

表2

图2

表3

图3

图4

图5

图6

表4

约束条件"

情况1	情况2	情况3	情况4
$a 3 + b 2 + c = 1 - b 2 a < 0 a > 0 c > 0$	$a 3 + b 2 + c = 1 0 < - b 2 a < 1 a > 0 c > 0 a + b + c > 0$	$a 3 + b 2 + c = 1 0 < - b 2 a < 1 a < 0 c > 0 a + b + c > 0$	$a 3 + b 2 + c = 1 - b 2 a > 1 a < 0 c > 0$

表4

图7

图8

图9

表5

最优催化剂载量分布函数"

最优分布函数	加权目标函数	电流密度均匀性提升/%	平均电流密度提升/%
$f x = 0.5 x + 0.75$	0.000 79	0.535	-0.377
$f x = 0.9 x + 0.55$	0.002 18	1.063	-1.048
$f x = 0.9 x 2 + 0.6 x + 0.4$	0.005 91	1.970	-2.627
$f x = 0.6 x 2 + x + 0.3$	0.010 94	2.147	-3.118
$f x = 1.8 x + 0.1$	0.016 67	2.369	-4.643
$f x = 1.9 x + 0.05$	0.023 71	2.371	-5.477

表5

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电流/A	阳极计量比	阴极计量比	气体出口压力/kPa	气体露点温度/℃	气体入口温度/℃
0	14.34	12.03	60	68	80
5	43.02	36.11	60	68	80
10	21.51	18.05	60	68	80
15	14.34	12.03	60	68	80
20	10.75	9.03	60	68	80
22.5	9.56	8.02	60	68	80
25	8.6	7.22	60	68	80
27.5	7.82	6.56	60	68	80
30	7.17	6.02	60	68	80
35	6.15	5.16	60	68	80
40	5.38	4.51	60	68	80
45	4.78	4.01	60	68	80
50	4.3	3.61	60	68	80

参数名称	单位	阳极侧值	阴极侧值
流道高度	mm	1	1
流道宽度	mm	1	1
气体扩散层厚度	mm	0.2	0.2
催化层厚度	mm	0.01	0.01
质子交换膜厚度	mm	0.05	0.05
气体扩散层孔隙率	-	0.6	0.6
催化层孔隙率	-	0.2	0.2
有效面积	cm²	25	25
操作压力	Pa	101 325	101 325

参数名称	单位	阳极侧值	阴极侧值
参考交换电流密度	A/m²	30 000	50
参考浓度	kmol/m³	0.8	0.8
浓度指数	-	0.05	0.002
转移系数	-	1	1