白车身B柱焊接变形模拟及预变形控制方法

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20211086

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决白车身B柱焊接变形带来的整车匹配及功能性问题，基于有限元方法对车身B柱区域焊接过程进行全工序模拟，预测B柱焊接变形量，结合试验及测量的手段对预测精度进行评估，结果表明：基于有限元方法的B柱焊接变形模拟具有良好的预测精度。提出了带补偿的等截面预弯和变截面预弯两种焊接预变形控制方式，通过多目标优化模型计算预变形量，并结合有限元模拟对两种预变形控制方式进行验证，结果表明：采用两种预变形方式进行尺寸控制的零件经过焊接后均可实现精度符合设计要求的车身尺寸，且采用变截面预弯的控制精度优于带补偿的等截面预弯的控制精度。

关键词: 焊接工艺与设备, 焊接变形, 白车身B柱, 预变形控制, 多目标优化

Abstract:

In order to solve the matching and functional problems caused by the welding deformation of B-pillar in BIW （Body-In-White）， the whole welding process of B-pillar area is simulated based on the finite element （FEM） method， and the welding deformation of B-pillar is predicted， also the prediction accuracy is evaluated by means of test and measurement. The results show that the B-pillar welding deformation simulation based on FEM method has good prediction accuracy. Two welding pre-deformation control methods are proposed， one is compensated pre-bending with constant cross section， and the other is pre-bending with changed cross section. The pre-deformation is calculated by multi-objective optimization model. The two pre-deformation control methods are verified by FEM simulation. The results show that， both the two pre-deformation control methods can achieve the body size's tolerance meeting the design requirements， and the control accuracy of pre-bending with changed cross section is better than the method of compensated pre-bending with constant cross section.

Key words: welding process and equipment, welding deformation, B-pillar of body-in-white, pre-deformation control, multi-objective optimization

中图分类号:

TG404

周晓,梁燚杰,奚中轩,王宇涛. 白车身B柱焊接变形模拟及预变形控制方法[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2023, 53(8): 2212-2218.

Xiao ZHOU,Yi-jie LIANG,Zhong-xuan XI,Yu-tao WANG. Welding deformation and compensation method of B-pillar in body-in-white[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2023, 53(8): 2212-2218.

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参考文献 11

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序号	符号	目标名称	约束条件/mm
1	δ_F	前部法兰边y向尺寸一致性	0.5
2	δ_R	后部法兰边y向尺寸一致性	0.5
3	δ_x_i	单截面前后法兰边尺寸一致性	±0.3
4	δ_s	铰链面位置y向厚度尺寸	±0.3

前部法兰边变形量/mm	后部法兰边变形量/mm	中间铰链面变形量/mm
Y_F1=1.30	Y_R1=1.83	Y_S=0.58
Y_F2=1.10	Y_R2∶1.75
Y_F3∶1.15	Y_R3∶1.61
Y_F4∶0.77	Y_R4∶0.86
Y_F5=0.32	Y_R5=0.47

截面	符号	预弯量/mm
1	d_y₁	1.54
2	d_y₂	1.42
3	d_y₃	1.12
4	d_y₄	0.84
5	d_y₅	0.40

截面	符号	预弯量/mm
1	d_y₁	1.62
2	d_y₂	1.49
3	d_y₃	1.35
4	d_y₄	0.82
5	d_y₅	0.40
6	d_y_s	0.58