基于高阶燃料电池模型的多目标滑模控制

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20220281

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了提高质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）的效率和寿命，对燃料电池的多个状态进行了精确控制。首先，在Simulink中建立了12阶燃料电池模型，运用试验数据对建模参数进行拟合，仿真模型的输出电压最大误差为3.68%。其次，基于所建立的模型设计了3输入、3输出滑模控制器，通过空压机电压、阳极进气流量和冷却水流量分别控制电堆过氧比、阴阳极气体压力差和温度。仿真结果表明：与PI控制器相比，当负载电流突变时，所设计的滑模控制器缩短了3 s的过氧比控制过渡时间，阴、阳极压力差波动从40 Pa降低至2 Pa左右，并且温度波动控制在0.05 K以内。

关键词: 车辆工程, 质子交换膜燃料电池, 系统效率, 建模与仿真, 多输入多输出, 滑模控制器

Abstract:

To improve the efficiency and lifetime of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell（PEMFC）， multiple states of the fuel cell were accurately controlled. Firstly， a 12-order fuel cell model is established in Simulink， and the modeling parameters are fitted using experimental data， and the maximum error of the simulation model output voltage is 3.68%. Secondly， a 3-input and 3-output sliding mode controller is designed based on the established model to control the stack oxygen excess ratio， cathode and anode gas pressure difference and temperature through the compressor voltage， anode inlet gas flow and cooling water flow， respectively. The simulation results show that compared with the PI controller， the designed sliding-mode controller shortens the transition time of oxygen excess ratio control by 3 seconds when the load current changes abruptly， reduces the fluctuation of cathode and anode pressure difference from 40 Pa to about 2 Pa， and controls the temperature fluctuation within 0.05 K.

Key words: vehicle engineering, proton exchange membrane fuel cell（PEMFC）, system efficiency, modeling and simulation, multi-input multi-output, sliding mode controller

中图分类号:

TM911.4

胡广地,景浩,李丞,冯彪,刘晓东. 基于高阶燃料电池模型的多目标滑模控制[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2022, 52(9): 2182-2191.

Guang-di HU,Hao JING,Cheng LI,Biao FENG,Xiao-dong LIU. Multi⁃objective sliding mode control based on high⁃order fuel cell model[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2022, 52(9): 2182-2191.

图/表 11

表1

图1

表2

空压机及电堆电压参数值"

参数	取值
理论电动势V₀/V	1.229
电阻R/ $Ω$	3.971 5
电荷传输系数 $α$	0.155
法拉第常数F/（C·mol^-1）	96 485
表观电池活化面积 $A a p p$ /cm²	292.87
阻抗常数 $R 0$ /（ $Ω$ ·cm^-2）	0.077 4
阻抗常数 $R 1$ /（ $Ω$ ·cm^-2）	0.008 36
极化曲线系数 $n c$ /（cm²·A^-1）	6.679 2
极化曲线系数 $m$ /10^-6 V	3.478
极化曲线系数b/V	0.013 521
极化曲线系数a/10⁵ Pa	0.279 56
交换电流密度 $i 0$ /（A·cm^-2）	1.49
MAP图拟合参数 $P 00$	288.2
MAP图拟合参数 $P 01$	-0.000 463 1
MAP图拟合参数 $P 10$	-336.9
MAP图拟合参数 $P 20$	-74.51
MAP图拟合参数 $P 02$ /10^-8	-4.166
MAP图拟合参数 $P 11$ 环境压力 $P a t m$ /Pa 环境温度 $T a t m$ /K	0.006 191 101 325 298.15

表2

图2

图3

图4

图5

表3

本文控制器和PI控制器调节参数"

控制器	调节参数值
本文	k₁=0.01	k₂=0.1	k₃=0.01
本文	$ε 1 = 6$	$ε 2 = 20$	$ε 3 = 1$
PI	k_p1= $1 × 10 - 5$	k_p2=5000	k_p3=1.4
PI	P₁= $1 × 10 - 5$	P₂=6500	P₃=1.5

表3

图6

图7

表4

误差对比分析"

误差类型	控制器	过氧比	压力差	温度
IAE	本文	4.082	24 400	0.332 3
IAE	PI	5.909	43 550	0.440 9
ITAE	本文	331.0	16 640	66.38
ITAE	PI	474.4	66 650	87.93
ISE	本文	1.358	$1.155 × 109$	0.003 2
ISE	PI	2.542	$1.333 × 109$	0.004 8
ITSE	本文	43.64	$1.862 × 108$	0.735
ITSE	PI	64.50	$4.215 × 108$	1.065

表4

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参数	取值
燃料电池的节数N	316
额定功率P_max/kW	70
燃料电池的活化面积A/cm²	260
燃料电池阳极容积V_an/m³	0.002 35
燃料电池阴极容积V_ca/m³	0.004 5
燃料电池供应歧管容积V_sm/m³	0.005