吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (3): 925-937.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20230576
Zhao-xia LIU1(
),Fui FU1,2(
),Shi-feng NIU2
摘要:
为评估智能网联汽车在提供不同网联信息时的超车风险水平,弥补传统风险评估对驾驶人因素的忽略以及单一交通冲突指标对复杂交通场景评价能力不足的问题,对超车事件中涉及的两种冲突场景(跟车冲突和正面来车冲突),分别引入块最大值(BM)和峰值超过阈值(POT)方法拟合极值分布,从而对超车时发生跟车事故、正面碰撞事故风险进行评估。在每种冲突场景中,构建了考虑驾驶人因素的非平稳极值模型和考虑不同交通冲突指标的二元极值模型,并通过双向二车道的智能网联汽车超车实验数据对模型进行验证。从原始实验数据中提取超车事件并计算冲突指标:包括超车事件开始时与前车的碰撞时间间隙GAP、与对向车辆的碰撞时间TTC_t1、避免碰撞的减速度(DRAC),以及超车事件结束时与对向车辆的碰撞时间(TTC)、与前车的车头时距(THW),以时间冲突指标为负或DRAC大于MADR的事件概率表征碰撞风险程度。结果表明:跟车冲突场景中,不同冲突指标构建的二元极值模型结果误差不同,其中THW&DRAC构建的二元极值模型评估结果最准确(标准误差MAE=0.000 28);正面来车冲突场景中TTC&DRAC构建的二元极值模型评估结果最准确(MAE=0.006)。在不同冲突场景中,考虑驾驶人因素的非平稳极值模型与不考虑驾驶人因素的模型相比显著提高了风险评估准确性(AIC、BIC值小)。此外,不同智能网联信息(实时距离、超车建议、速度建议)带来的超车风险不同,且当智能网联信息为速度建议时,车辆的超车风险最小。因此,本文所提考虑驾驶人因素的非平稳极值模型与二元极值模型可通过交通冲突指标有效评估驾驶风险。智能网联汽车的实验数据表明:本文模型可准确评估智能网联汽车在提供不同网联信息时的超车风险水平。
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