吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 736-748.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20180074

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侧风下峡谷桥隧连接段汽车的行驶特性

王露(),刘玉雯,陈红   

  1. 长安大学 公路学院,西安 710064
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-23 出版日期:2019-05-01 发布日期:2019-07-12
  • 作者简介:王露(1988?),女,讲师,博士研究生. 研究方向:交通安全. E?mail:1251058940@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    “十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0803906);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(S2017?ZRJJ?MS?0603)

Cross-wind environment vehicle driving feature at canyon bridge and tunnel connection segment

Lu WANG(),Yu⁃wen LIU,Hong CHEN   

  1. School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
  • Received:2018-01-23 Online:2019-05-01 Published:2019-07-12

摘要:

为保障山区高速公路的运营安全,研究了在风环境下峡谷桥隧连接段车辆瞬态气动特性及其规律,借助Carsim软件建立车辆模型,并模拟峡谷桥隧连接处的路段特性,以西汉高速桥隧连接段的实测数据输入风速值和侧风角度等参数,来模拟不同风速及角度对车辆行驶的影响。首先,对运行仿真后得到的车辆纵向速度、侧向加速度、车辆气动三分力(气动阻力、侧向力、气动升力)、气动侧偏角等参数进行分析;其次,通过分析不同车速、风速、风向角的车辆气动力,探究其对行车稳定性的影响程度;最后,研究了车辆在侧风环境下安全稳定行驶的临界车速和临界风速。研究结果表明:车辆行驶在有侧风作用影响下的峡谷桥隧连接段时,车速由60 km/h提升至80 km/h,车辆气动阻力、侧向力及气动升力分别增加160%、53%及89%,并且在风速达80 km/h的冰雪路面下,伴随出现超过1 m的大偏移量侧滑,当经历西汉高速年最大风速31.5 m/s(约113 km/h)时,车辆出现明显倾覆现象,对行车安全构成了一定的风险。

关键词: 交通运输安全工程, 车辆气动性能, CARSIM, 桥隧连接段, 峡谷风

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem of highway traffic safety in the mountainous area, vehicle transient aerodynamic feature and its laws in bridge and tunnel connecting segment affected by the wind environment are studied. With the help of Carsim software, the vehicle model and the road model are built to simulate the feature of the vehicle and road in bridge and tunnel connecting segment. The measured varying wind speed of Xihan Expressway is input to simulate the average wind and fluctuating wind of the natural wind load, and the influence of wind angle on the vehicles is researched. Firstly, after simulation, the parameters, such as vehicle longitudinal speed, lateral acceleration, aerodynamic force(drag force, side force and lift force) and aerodynamic slip angle are analyzed. Then, the influences of the vehicle aerodynamic forces of different vehicle speeds, wind speeds and wind directions on the driving stability are analyzed. Finally, the critical vehicle speed and critical wind speed of safe and stable driving in the side wind environment are investigated. Research results show that, when the vehicle speed is increased from 60 km/h to 80 km/h, the drag force, side force and lift force are increased by 160%, 53% and 89% respectively. Under the snow and ice surface with wind speed of 80km/h, a large offset of more than one meter occurs. When the maximum wind speed of Xihan Expressway was 31.5 m/s (about 113 km/h), the vehicle will obviously overturn and it will be a risk to driving safety.

Key words: engineering of communications and transportation safety, aerodynamic feature of vehicle, CARSIM, bridge and tunnel connecting segment, canyon wind

中图分类号: 

  • U491

图1

汽车外部绕流"

图2

汽车的气动6分力"

表1

车辆主要参数"

参 数 数 值
车长/mm 4501
车宽/mm 1704
车高/mm 1469
轴距/mm 2604
前轴距/mm 1540
质心高度/mm 540
簧上质量/kg 1140

图3

小汽车的各项参数设置"

图4

道路模型的相关参数设置"

图5

风速数据设定界面"

图6

Carsim仿真流程图"

图7

评价指标时空变化图"

图8

气动力系数变化图"

图9

不同车速下的气动力时变图"

图10

不同最大风速下的气动力"

图11

不同风向角下的气动力"

图12

车辆侧向力系数变化对比曲线"

图13

车辆阻力系数变化对比曲线"

表2

沿途各站点年最大风速"

站号 站名 极大风速值/(m·s?1

V0004

V0005

V0006

户县安检站

秦岭安检站

宁陕

29.5

31.5

30.7

图14

冰雪路面不同车速下的横向偏移量"

表3

干燥路面各风速影响下的LTR值"

各项指标 风速/(km·h?1)
70 80 90 100

风作用外侧

垂直载荷/N

5712 6156 7538 8815

风作用内侧

垂直载荷/N

1937 1476 325 0
LTR值 0.49 0.61 0.92 1.00

图15

冰雪路面各风速影响下的横向偏移量"

图16

最大风速达100 km/h时车辆的行驶状况"

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