侧风下峡谷桥隧连接段汽车的行驶特性

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20180074

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为保障山区高速公路的运营安全，研究了在风环境下峡谷桥隧连接段车辆瞬态气动特性及其规律，借助Carsim软件建立车辆模型，并模拟峡谷桥隧连接处的路段特性，以西汉高速桥隧连接段的实测数据输入风速值和侧风角度等参数，来模拟不同风速及角度对车辆行驶的影响。首先，对运行仿真后得到的车辆纵向速度、侧向加速度、车辆气动三分力(气动阻力、侧向力、气动升力)、气动侧偏角等参数进行分析；其次，通过分析不同车速、风速、风向角的车辆气动力，探究其对行车稳定性的影响程度；最后，研究了车辆在侧风环境下安全稳定行驶的临界车速和临界风速。研究结果表明：车辆行驶在有侧风作用影响下的峡谷桥隧连接段时，车速由60 km/h提升至80 km/h，车辆气动阻力、侧向力及气动升力分别增加160%、53%及89%，并且在风速达80 km/h的冰雪路面下，伴随出现超过1 m的大偏移量侧滑，当经历西汉高速年最大风速31.5 m/s(约113 km/h)时，车辆出现明显倾覆现象，对行车安全构成了一定的风险。

关键词: 交通运输安全工程, 车辆气动性能, CARSIM, 桥隧连接段, 峡谷风

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem of highway traffic safety in the mountainous area, vehicle transient aerodynamic feature and its laws in bridge and tunnel connecting segment affected by the wind environment are studied. With the help of Carsim software, the vehicle model and the road model are built to simulate the feature of the vehicle and road in bridge and tunnel connecting segment. The measured varying wind speed of Xihan Expressway is input to simulate the average wind and fluctuating wind of the natural wind load, and the influence of wind angle on the vehicles is researched. Firstly, after simulation, the parameters, such as vehicle longitudinal speed, lateral acceleration, aerodynamic force(drag force, side force and lift force) and aerodynamic slip angle are analyzed. Then, the influences of the vehicle aerodynamic forces of different vehicle speeds, wind speeds and wind directions on the driving stability are analyzed. Finally, the critical vehicle speed and critical wind speed of safe and stable driving in the side wind environment are investigated. Research results show that, when the vehicle speed is increased from 60 km/h to 80 km/h, the drag force, side force and lift force are increased by 160%, 53% and 89% respectively. Under the snow and ice surface with wind speed of 80km/h, a large offset of more than one meter occurs. When the maximum wind speed of Xihan Expressway was 31.5 m/s (about 113 km/h), the vehicle will obviously overturn and it will be a risk to driving safety.

Key words: engineering of communications and transportation safety, aerodynamic feature of vehicle, CARSIM, bridge and tunnel connecting segment, canyon wind

中图分类号:

U491

王露,刘玉雯,陈红. 侧风下峡谷桥隧连接段汽车的行驶特性[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2019, 49(3): 736-748.

Lu WANG,Yu⁃wen LIU,Hong CHEN. Cross-wind environment vehicle driving feature at canyon bridge and tunnel connection segment[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2019, 49(3): 736-748.

图/表 19

图1

图2

表1

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

表2

图14

表3

图15

图16

参考文献 23

1	陈涛,孙林,张倩,等 . 山区高速公路连续下坡路段区间运行车速特征分析[J]. 武汉理工大学学报: 交通科学与工程版, 2014, 38(4): 701⁃704.
	Chen Tao , Sun Lin , Zhang Qian , et al . Analysis of running speed characteristics of continuous downhill section of mountain expressway[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology (Transportation Science & Engineering), 2014, 38(4): 701⁃704.
2	王少飞, 林志, 陈建忠, 等 . 山区高速公路隧道交通安全问题探讨[J]. 公路交通技术, 2009(6): 137⁃143.
	Wang Shao⁃fei , Lin Zhi , Chen Jian⁃zhong , et al . Discussion on traffic safety of highway tunnel in mountain area[J]. Technology of Highway and Transport, 2009(6): 137⁃143.
3	杨永红, 吴传海, 葛婷, 等 . 山区高速公路超车道小客车停车视距安全性[J]. 长安大学学报：自然科学版, 2014, 34(5): 42⁃48.
	Yang Yong⁃hong , Wu Chuan⁃hai , Ge Ting , et al . Safety of parking sight range for overtaking passenger cars in mountain area expressway[J]. Journal of Chang'an University (Natural Science Edition), 2014, 34(5): 42⁃48.
4	胡江碧, 李然, 马勇 . 高速公路隧道入口段照明安全阈值评价方法[J]. 中国公路学报, 2014, 27(3): 92⁃99.
	Hu Jiang⁃bi , Li Ran , Ma Yong . Evaluation method of lighting safety threshold for expressway tunnel entrance section[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2014, 27(3): 92⁃99.
5	王露, 陈红 . 峡谷桥隧连接段行车安全风环境改善研究[J]. 武汉理工大学学报, 2012, 34(9): 57⁃62.
	Wang Lu , Chen Hong . Study on improvement of safe wind environment in Canyon Bridge and tunnel connection section[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 2012, 34(9): 57⁃62.
6	王露 . 基于数值模拟的峡谷风对行车安全性影响研究[D]. 西安:长安大学公路学院, 2012.
	Wang Lu . Study on improvement of safe wind environment in Canyon Bridge and tunnel connection section[D]. Xi'an：College of Highway, Chang'an University, 2012.
7	张琨 . 侧风对公路行车安全影响的仿真分析与对策研究[D]. 西安:长安大学公路学院，2015.
	Zhang Kun . Simulation analysis and countermeasure research on the influence of crosswind on highway traffic safety[D]. Xi'an：College of Highway, Chang'an University, 2015.
8	陈宁 . 侧风作用下桥上汽车行车安全性及防风措施研究[D]. 成都:西南交通大学土木工程学院，2015.
	Chen Ning . Study on safety and wind⁃proof measures of vehicles on bridge under cross⁃wind [D]. Chengdu： School of Civil Engineering，Southwest Jiaotong University, 2015.
9	傅立敏 . 汽车空气动力学数值计算[M]. 北京:北京理工大学出版社，2000.
10	方刚，谷正气 . 侧风对高速行驶汽车操纵稳定性影响初探[J]. 湖南大学学报:自然科学版，2001,28(4):60⁃63.
	Fang Gang , Gu Zheng⁃qi . Preliminary study on the influence of crosswind on the handling and stability of high⁃speed vehicles[J]. Journal of Hunan University (Natural Science), 2001, 28(4):60⁃63.
11	Glassner Andrew S . “An Overview of Ray Tracing” in an Introduction to Ray Tracing [M]. New York: Academic Press Limited, 1989.
12	张驰，邵东健，张敏 . 基于小客车侧滑微观仿真曲线路段行车风险分析[J]. 系统仿真学报，2015，27(7): 1609⁃1616.
	Zhang Chi , Shao Dong⁃jian , Zhang Min . Analysis of running risk in segment based on micro simulation curve of side slide of passenger cars[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2015，27(7):1609⁃1616.
13	周记国 . 基于流固耦合的风⁃汽车⁃桥梁系统数值模拟研究[D]. 西安:长安大学公路学院，2015.
	Zhou Ji⁃guo . Numerical simulation of wind⁃vehicle⁃bridge system based on fluid⁃solid coupling [D]. Xi'an: College of Highway, Chang'an University, 2015.
14	徐中明，于海兴，伍小龙，等 . 车辆侧翻指标与侧翻风险因素分析[J]. 重庆大学学报，2013,36(3):25⁃31.
	Xu Zhong⁃ming , Yu Hai⁃xing , Wu Xiao⁃long , et al . Analysis of vehicle rollover index and rollover risk factors[J]. Journal of Chongqing University, 2013,36（3）：25⁃31.
15	贺宜，褚端峰，吴超仲，等 .路面附着条件对车辆横向稳定性影响的量化分析[J]. 武汉理工大学学报:交通科学与工程版，2014,38(4)：784⁃787.
	He Yi , Zhu Duan⁃feng , Wu Chao⁃zhong , et al . Quantitative analysis of the influence of road surface attachment condition on vehicle transverse stability[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology (Transportation Science & Engineering), 2014,38（4）：784⁃787.
16	孙川，吴超仲，褚端峰，等 . 基于车辆侧向稳定性分析的弯道行驶安全评价[J]. 交通信息与安全，2014，32（6）：95⁃100.
	Sun Chuan , Wu Chao⁃zhong , Zhu Duan⁃feng , et al . Safety evaluation of curved road based on vehicle lateral stability analysis[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2014，32（6）：95⁃100.
17	尹宏程 . 侧风对大跨度桥梁行车安全的影响机理及管控方法研究[D]. 合肥:合肥工业大学汽车与交通工程学院，2017.
	Yin Hong⁃cheng . Study on the influence mechanism and control method of crosswind on the traffic safety of long⁃span bridges[D]. Hefei: College of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 2017.
18	项超群，郭文华，颜俊卿，等 . 侧风下桥上高速列车倾覆稳定性及临界车速的参数化研究[J]. 中南大学学报:自然科学版，2015，46（5）：1929⁃1937.
	Xiang Chao⁃qun , Guo Wen⁃hua , Yan Jun⁃qing , et al . Parametric study on overturning stability and critical velocity of high speed train on bridge under cross wind[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology), 2015，46(5):1929⁃1937.
19	Kee J D , Rho J H , Kim K H . High speed driving stability of passenger car under crosswind effects[J]. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2014, 15(5):741⁃747.
20	王宇宁 . 基于Carsim的公路弯道路段车辆行驶稳定性研究[D]. 长春:吉林大学汽车工程学院，2014.
	Wang Yu⁃ning . Study on vehicle driving stability of highway curved section based on Carsim[D]. Changchun: College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, 2014.
21	刘成晔，蒋科军 . 强横风对轿车气动性能影响数值分析[J]. 系统仿真学报，2010，22（11）：2738⁃2741.
	Liu Cheng⁃ye , Jiang Ke⁃jun . Numerical analysis of the influence of strong cross wind on the aerodynamic performance of car[J]. Journal of System Simulation，2010，22(11):2738⁃2741.
22	Andrew Chadwick ， Kevin Garry ， Jeff Howell . Transient aerodynamic characteristics of simple vehicle shapes by the measurement of surface pressure[C]∥SAE Paper, 2000⁃01⁃0876.
23	刘洋 . 不同线形下侧风对行车安全影响的仿真研究[D].淄博:山东理工大学交通与车辆工程学院，2016.
	Liu Yang . Simulation study on the influence of different linear downwind on vehicle safety[D]. Zibo：School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 2016.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

参数	数值
车长/mm	4501
车宽/mm	1704
车高/mm	1469
轴距/mm	2604
前轴距/mm	1540
质心高度/mm	540
簧上质量/kg	1140

各项指标	风速/(km·h^?1)
各项指标	70	80	90	100
风作用外侧垂直载荷/N	5712	6156	7538	8815
风作用内侧垂直载荷/N	1937	1476	325	0
LTR值	0.49	0.61	0.92	1.00

[1]	代存杰,李引珍,马昌喜,柴获,牟海波. 不确定条件下危险品配送路线多准则优化[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2018, 48(6): 1694-1702.
[2]	胡满江, 罗禹贡, 陈龙, 李克强. 基于纵向频响特性的整车质量估计[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2018, 48(4): 977-983.
[3]	王芳荣, 郭柏苍, 金立生, 高琳琳, 岳欣羽. 次任务驾驶安全评价指标筛选及其权值计算[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2017, 47(6): 1710-1715.
[4]	谭立东, 刘丹, 李文军. 基于蝇复眼的交通事故现场全景图像阵列仿生设计[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2017, 47(6): 1738-1744.
[5]	李显生, 孟祥雨, 郑雪莲, 程竹青, 任圆圆. 非满载罐体内液体冲击动力学特性[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2017, 47(3): 737-743.
[6]	王占中, 赵利英, 曹宁博. 基于多层编码遗传算法的危险品运输调度模型[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2017, 47(3): 751-755.
[7]	徐进, 陈薇, 周佳, 罗骁, 邵毅明. 汽车转向盘操作与驾驶负荷的相关性[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2017, 47(2): 438-445.
[8]	郭应时, 付锐, 赵凯, 马勇, 袁伟. 驾驶人换道意图实时识别模型评价及测试[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2016, 46(6): 1836-1844.
[9]	孙璐，徐建，崔相民. 面板数据模型分析及交通事故预测[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2015, 45(6): 1771-1778.
[10]	王喆, 杨柏婷, 刘昕, 刘群, 宋现敏. 基于模糊聚类的驾驶决策判别[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2015, 45(5): 1414-1419.
[11]	马勇, 石涌泉, 付锐, 郭应时. 驾驶人分心时长对车道偏离影响的实车试验[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2015, 45(4): 1095-1101.
[12]	徐建, 孙璐. 解决交通事故数据分析中零值问题的模型[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2015, 45(3): 769-775.
[13]	金立生, 王岩, 刘景华, 王亚丽, 郑义. 基于Adaboost算法的日间前方车辆检测[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2014, 44(6): 1604-1608.
[14]	金立生,牛清宁,刘景华,秦彦光,吕欢欢. 不同道路线形下驾驶人认知分散状态监测[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2014, 44(3): 642-647.
[15]	詹伟, 吕庆, 尚岳全. 高速公路隧道群交通事故灰色马尔可夫预测[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2014, 44(01): 62-67.