金属棒试样拉伸和扭转试验应变范围和力学特性对比

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20170494

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对3种不同延性的金属圆棒型试样,分别采用拉伸试验和扭转试验考察金属在不同应力状态下的应变范围和力学特性。其中拉伸试验应用Bridgman法测量金属颈缩出现后直至断裂前的硬化曲线。拉伸和扭转状态下试验结果的对比分析表明,由于力学稳定性方面的差异,金属棒材在扭转状态下均匀应变范围要大于拉伸状态,而由于不同应力状态下断裂机制的差异,金属棒材扭转断裂前应变范围要大于拉伸断裂前应变范围,因此扭转试验的应变测量范围大于拉伸试验的Bridgman法。Bridgman法具有局限性,仅适用于延性大且硬化能力弱具有显著颈缩的金属,而扭转试验具有通用性,适用于不同性能的金属。与拉伸或压缩状态相比,金属棒材在扭转状态下呈现不同程度的“软化”现象,即材料在扭转状态下更易达到塑性屈服,同时硬化能力和极限承载能力均显著减弱。

关键词: 材料合成与加工工艺, 硬化曲线, 拉伸和扭转, 应变, 颈缩

Abstract: Three kinds of metal rods with different ductility were used to study the strain ranges and mechanical properties of metal under different stress states by tension and torsion tests. The Bridgman method was used to measure the hardening curve from the beginning of necking to the final fracture. Comparison and analysis of the two test results show that the uniform strain ranges of the metal rod in the torsion state are larger than those in the tension state because of the difference of mechanical stability. Due to the difference of the fracture mechanism under different stress states, the strain ranges before fracture of metal in torsion test are larger than those in tension test. So the total strain ranges measured in torsion test are larger than those in tension test with Bridgman method. The Bridgman method has limitations, which is only applicable to metals with large ductility and weak hardening ability, while, torsion test is versatile and suitable for metal with different properties. Comparing with the tension or compression state, the metal rod exhibits different degrees of “softening phenomenon” in the torsion state, that is, the metal is more likely to reach plastic yield in the torsion state, and the hardening ability and the ultimate bearing capacity are obviously weakened.

Key words: materials synthesis and processing technology, hardening curve, tension and torsion, strain, necking

中图分类号:

TG301

陈俊甫, 管志平, 杨昌海, 牛晓玲, 姜振涛, 宋玉泉. 金属棒试样拉伸和扭转试验应变范围和力学特性对比[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2018, 48(4): 1153-1160.

CHEN Jun-fu, GUAN Zhi-ping, YANG Chang-hai, NIU Xiao-ling, JIANG Zhen-tao, Song Yu-quan. Comparison of strain ranges and mechanical properties of metal rods under tension and torsion tests[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2018, 48(4): 1153-1160.

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