小麦联合收获机清选机理分析与优化试验

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20200770

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对小麦联合收获机作业过程清选损失和籽粒含杂率“双高”的问题，开展小麦联合收获机清选作业参数优化试验，探究整机清选装置作业参数对清选损失率和籽粒含杂率的影响规律，确定清选作业参数的最优组合。基于气流场籽粒运动分析，建立了风筛清选系统的试验模型；对清选筛振幅、清选筛频率、风机风速和气流方向角4个参数进行了单因素试验和响应面回归试验，结果表明：风机风速是影响籽粒含杂率的显著影响因素，振幅、频率是影响清选损失率的显著影响因素。采用响应面试验方法，应用Design-Expert建立了清选损失率和籽粒含杂率的回归数学模型，获得了最佳工作参数如下：清选筛振幅为31 mm、清选筛频率为4 Hz、风机风速为12 m/s、气流方向角为26°。最佳参数组合的试验结果如下：籽粒含杂率为0.476%，清选损失率为0.438%，与理论计算的相对误差分别为7.8%和6.4%。

关键词: 农业工程, 小麦收获机, 清选, 力学分析, 参数优化, 响应面

Abstract:

To solve the problems of high grain loss and high impurity rate in wheat combine harvester cleaning operation in field harvest， the optimization experiment of wheat combine harvester cleaning operation parameters was carried out to explore the influence rules of operating parameters of the whole machine's cleaning device on the cleaning loss rate and impurity rate in grains， and the optimal combination of cleaning operation parameters was obtained. Test model is determined based on the airflow movement analysis， and the factors， the amplitude， frequency of cleaning sieve， fan wind speed and air flow direction angle of four parameters for the single factor tests and response surface regression test. The results show that the fan speed is significantly influence factor affecting the grain impurity rate， amplitude and frequency of cleaning are the significant influencing factors of loss rate. Using response surface test method and design-expert， the regression mathematical models of cleaning loss rate and impurity rate of grains were established， and the optimal operating parameters were obtained： the cleaning screen amplitude was 31 mm， the cleaning screen frequency was 4 Hz， the fan wind speed was 12 m/s， and the airflow direction angle was 26°. The experimental results of various parameter combinations are as follows： the rate of impurity in grains is 0.476%， and the rate of cleaning loss is 0.438%. The rate of impurity in grains and the rate of cleaning loss are 0.439% and 0.410% respectively， and the relative errors between them and the theoretical calculation are 7.8% and 6.4% respectively.

Key words: agriculture engineering, wheat harvester, cleaning, mechanics analysis, parameter optimization, response surface

中图分类号:

S225.3

耿端阳,牟孝栋,张国栋,王宗源,朱俊科,徐海刚. 小麦联合收获机清选机理分析与优化试验[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2022, 52(1): 219-230.

Duan-yang GENG,Xiao-dong MU,Guo-dong ZHANG,Zong-yuan WANG,Jun-ke ZHU,Hai-gang XU. Analysis and optimization of cleaning mechanism of wheat combine harvester[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2022, 52(1): 219-230.

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试验编号	试验因素水平 Levels				籽粒含杂率y₁/%	清选损失率y₂/%
试验编号	振幅x₁	频率x₂	风速x₃	方向角x₄	籽粒含杂率y₁/%	清选损失率y₂/%
1	1	1	0	0	0.600	0.655
2	1	-1	0	0	0.622	0.535
3	1	0	1	0	0.481	0.623
4	1	0	-1	0	0.735	0.617
5	1	0	0	1	0.612	0.560
6	1	0	0	-1	0.668	0.556
7	-1	1	0	0	0.630	0.453
8	-1	-1	0	0	0.639	0.377
9	-1	0	1	0	0.510	0.426
10	-1	0	-1	0	0.769	0.361
11	-1	0	0	1	0.677	0.373
12	-1	0	0	-1	0.698	0.379
13	0	1	1	0	0.380	0.601
14	0	1	-1	0	0.640	0.534
15	0	1	0	1	0.580	0.498
16	0	1	0	-1	0.596	0.507
17	0	-1	1	0	0.415	0.402
18	0	-1	-1	0	0.652	0.360
19	0	-1	0	1	0.583	0.382
20	0	-1	0	-1	0.602	0.388
21	0	0	1	1	0.447	0.536
22	0	0	1	-1	0.469	0.546
23	0	0	-1	1	0.711	0.450
24	0	0	-1	-1	0.717	0.451
25	0	0	0	0	0.510	0.498
26	0	0	0	0	0.552	0.476

变异来源	籽粒含杂率/%					清选损失率/%
变异来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F 值	P	平方和	自由度	均方	F 值	P 值
模型 Model	0.25	14	0.018	74.56	<0.0001***	0.19	14	0.014	12.84	<0.0001***
x₁	0.004	1	0.004	14.41	0.0030**	0.12	1	0.12	109.17	<0.0001***
x₂	6×10^-4	1	6×10^-4	2.59	0.1355	0.054	1	0.054	50.94	<0.0001***
x₃	0.190	1	0.190	794.03	<0.0001***	0.011	1	0.011	10.27	0.0084**
x₄	0.002	1	0.002	6.72	0.0250*	7×10^-5	1	7×10^-5	0.062	0.8083
x₁x₂	4×10^-5	1	4×10^-5	0.17	0.6848	5×10^-4	1	5×10^-4	0.46	0.5127
x₁x₃	6×10^-6	1	6×10^-6	0.026	0.8755	9×10^-4	1	9×10^-4	0.82	0.3838
x₁x₄	3×10^-4	1	3×10^-4	1.26	0.2856	3×10^-5	1	3×10^-5	0.024	0.8806
x₂x₃	1×10^-4	1	1×10^-4	0.54	0.4762	2×10^-4	1	2×10^-4	0.15	0.7080
x₂x₄	2×10^-6	1	2×10^-6	0.009	0.9251	2×10^-6	1	2×10^-6	0.002	0.9640
x₃x₄	6×10^-5	1	6×10^-5	0.26	0.6180	2×10^-5	1	2×10^-5	0.019	0.8924
x₁²	0.034	1	0.034	139.79	<0.0001***	8×10^-4	1	8×10^-4	0.78	0.3946
x₂²	1×10^-6	1	1×10^-6	0.004	0.9478	9×10^-4	1	9×10^-4	0.82	0.3850
x₃²	0.003	1	0.003	0.023	0.8829	7×10^-4	1	7×10^-4	0.68	0.4287
x₄²	0.002	1	0.002	50.66	<0.0001***	0.002	1	0.002	2.06	0.1792
残差	0.003	11	2×10^-4			0.012	11	0.001
失迷	0.002	10	2×10^-4	0.20	0.9492	0.011	10	0.001	4.71	0.3453

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