轮式拖拉机对称结构的振动特性

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20220313

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用振动测试系统对轮式拖拉机整机及结构对称部位的振动特征进行了采集分析，以振动烈度为指标对比了对称结构上的振动相似性。试验表明，拖拉机前桥、后桥对称部位的振动特征具有对称性，对称测点的主振动方向一致，前桥和后桥对称位置振动相似度分别为93.91%和94.29%。分析认为，在特定激励下拖拉机整机及对称部位的振动特征受整机工作状态、零部件缺陷及装配质量影响；怠速条件下拖拉机对称部位的零部件及装配质量的差异改变了振动传递路径，影响对称部位的振动特征相似性。本文提出的拖拉机对称结构的振动特征对比评估方法，可为在线检测拖拉机工作状态、发现机械结构缺陷及故障提供快速甄别方法。

关键词: 农业机械化工程, 拖拉机, 振动传递, 对称结构

Abstract:

The vibration characteristics of the whole wheel tractor and the symmetrical parts of the structure were collected and analyzed by using the vibration test system， and the vibration similarity of the symmetrical structure was compared with the vibration intensity. The results show that the vibration characteristics of the symmetric parts of the front axle and the rear axle are symmetrical. The main vibration direction of the symmetric measurement points is the same， and the vibration similarity of the symmetric positions of the front axle and the rear axle is 93.91% and 94.29%， respectively. It is concluded that the vibration characteristics of the whole tractor and its symmetrical parts are affected by the working state of the whole tractor， the defects of parts and the assembly quality. The difference of the parts and assembly quality of the symmetrical parts of the tractor changes the vibration transmission path and affects the similarity of the vibration characteristics of the symmetrical parts. This paper presents a method for the comparison and evaluation of the vibration characteristics of the tractor symmetric structure， which can provide a fast-screening method for the on-line detection of tractor working state and the discovery of mechanical structure defects and faults.

Key words: agricultural mechanization engineering, tractor, vibration transmission, symmetrical structure

中图分类号:

S219.1

张茂健,金敬福,陈奕颖,陈廷坤. 轮式拖拉机对称结构的振动特性[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2023, 53(7): 2136-2142.

Mao-jian ZHANG,Jing-fu JIN,Yi-ying CHEN,Ting-kun CHEN. Vibration symmetry characteristics of wheeled tractor structure[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2023, 53(7): 2136-2142.

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测点	编号	振动烈度/（mm·s^-1）				主振动
		单向			空间	方向	占比/%
		x	y	z	空间	方向	占比/%
前桥左侧	1	1.00	2.07	1.00	2.51	y	82
	2	0.84	1.98	0.71	2.26	y	88
	3	0.91	2.13	1.15	2.59	y	82
前桥右侧	1	0.07	2.05	1.01	2.29	y	90
	2	0.62	2.07	0.94	2.36	y	88
	3	0.95	2.22	1.20	2.70	y	82
发动机左侧	1	2.06	0.06	3.07	3.70	z	83
	2	2.37	3.13	0.70	3.99	y	78
	3	0.45	10.03	1.75	10.19	y	98
发动机右侧	1	1.06	2.08	8.03	8.36	z	96
	2	2.04	3.89	1.00	4.50	y	86
	3	7.40	7.22	19.39	21.97	z	88
后桥左侧	1	0.09	0.08	0.98	0.99	z	99
	2	0.07	0.05	0.95	0.96	z	99
	3	0.08	0.07	1.01	1.02	z	99
后桥右侧	1	0.25	0.16	1.03	1.07	z	96
	2	0.12	0.15	1.02	1.04	z	98
	3	0.23	0.14	0.96	1.00	z	96

测点	编号	振动烈度/（mm.s^-1）				主振动
		单向			空间	方向	占比/%
		x	y	z	空间	方向	占比/%
前桥左侧	1	1.02	2.02	1.01	2.48	y	81
	2	1.10	1.84	0.76	2.27	y	81
	3	1.71	1.85	1.04	2.73	y	68
前桥右侧	1	0.85	1.92	1.18	2.41	y	80
	2	0.65	1.73	0.62	1.95	y	89
	3	1.89	1.95	1.36	3.04	y	64
发动机左侧	1	8.00	6.09	13.05	16.48	z	79
	2	3.30	2.54	7.35	8.45	z	87
	3	10.85	8.75	14.26	19.94	z	72
发动机右侧	1	5.04	8.04	16.01	18.61	z	86
	2	2.19	3.57	4.98	6.51	z	76
	3	4.21	5.25	9.36	11.53	z	81
后桥左侧	1	0.08	0.04	1.01	1.01	z	99
	2	0.25	0.44	0.67	0.84	z	80
	3	0.16	0.26	1.03	1.07	z	96
后桥右侧	1	0.06	0.05	1.01	1.01	z	99
	2	0.12	0.25	0.99	1.03	z	96
	3	0.13	0.09	1.19	1.20	z	99

测点	编号	振动烈度/（mm·s^-1）				主振动
		单向			空间	方向	占比/%
		x	y	z	空间	方向	占比/%
后桥左侧	1	0.15	0.26	0.96	1.01	z	95
	2	0.13	0.08	0.98	0.99	z	99
	3	0.17	0.13	0.95	0.97	z	98
后桥右侧	1	0.27	0.35	0.99	1.08	z	92
	2	0.08	0.19	1.02	1.04	z	98
	3	0.21	0.16	1.01	1.04	z	97