Objective: To discuss the influence of ethanol from Epimedium brevicornu Maxim(EEBM) in the levels of total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C),and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) of the mice with hyperlipemiad, and to clarify its antioxidant activity.Methods: The antioxidant activity of EEBM was evaluated using ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay and DPPH assay, The hyperlipidemic mouse models were established. The mice were randomly divided into normal control group,model group,positive control group,and low, medium, and high doses of EEBM groups; prophylactic administration and remedial administration were evaluated in this study. At the end of the experiment,the serum levels of TC,TG,LDL-C, and HDL-C were detected.Results: The IC₅₀ of EEBM to DPPH free radical scaveging activity was (35.12±0.48) mg·L^-1 in the in vitro antioxidant assay, and its EC₅₀ to ferric-reducing antioxidant power was (148.35±1.38) mg·L^-1. And no matter prophylactic administration or remedial administration,compared with model group, the levels of serum TC,TG,and LDL-C in different doses of EEBM groups were decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the HDL-C levels were increased (P<0.01).Conclusion: EEBM can significantly change the plasma lipid levels to near the normal.EEBM has the function of lowering the blood lipid activities in the hyperlipidemia mice.

Objective: To study the influence of endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in the electrical activity of pacemaker cells in the guinea-pig left ventricular outflow tract,and to explore the effect of ADMA on the occurrence and development of ventricular outflow tract arrhythmias.Methods: The isolated guinea-pig left ventricular outflow tract tissue was perfused with fully oxygenated Locke solution under constant temperature and constant flow velocity.The spontaneous slow action potentials(sAP) of guinea-pig left ventricular tract were recorded by conventional intracellular microelectrode technique.The effects of NOS inhibitor ADMA(1,10 and 100 μmol·L^-1) on the spontaneous sAP were studied.And the effects of ADMA under the condition of pretreatment of sodium nitroprusside(SNP) were also explored(control group,10 μmol·L^-1 SNP group,and SNP+ADMA group).Results: Compared with control group,the different indexes of sAP in 1 μmol·L^-1 ADMA group had no significant changes(P>0.05).Compared with control group, the velocity of diastolic depolarization (VDD),the rate of pacemaker firing (RPF) and the maximal rate of depolarization(V_max) in 10 and 100 μmol·L^-1 ADMA groups were siginificantly decreased(P<0.05),and the 50% and 90% of duration of action potential(APD₅₀ and APD₉₀) were markedly increased(P<0.05). Compared with 1 μmol·L^-1ADMA group,the RPF in 10 μmol·L^-1 ADMA group was siginificantly decreased(P<0.05) and the APD₉₀ was markedly increased(P<0.05); compared with 1 μmol·L^-1ADMA group,the RPE,V_max,and APD₅₀ had significant changes (P<0.05).Compared with 10 μmol·L^-1ADMA group,the APA in 100 μmol·L^-1ADMA group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). After pretreatment of 10 μmol·L^-1 SNP for 10 min,followed by 10 μmol·L^-1 SNP and 10 μmol·L^-1 ADMA,the inhibitory effects of spontaneous activity induced by ADMA could be reversed;compared with control group,the VDD and RPF were significantly increased (P<0.05),the V_max and APA had no significant changes(P>0.05), and the APD₉₀ was markedly decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion: Endogenous NOS inhibitor ADMA can decrease the spontaneous activity of left ventricular outflow tract,and the inhibitory effects induced by ADMA can be reversed under the condition of pretreatment of NO donor SNP.

Objective: To establish the duck models of hepatitis B by duck hepatitis B virus(DHBV) serum injection method,and to explore the effects of α-2b interferon on the inflammation and liver fibrosisinduced by DHBV,and to provide evidence for its clinical application.Methods: A total of 40 Beijing ducks (aged 10 d) were randomly divided into control(n=6) and infection(n=34) groups.The ducks in infection group were injected with DHBV positive serum for 3 times in 1 week to establish hepatitis B models.Two weeks later,32 ducks were confirmed infection by using DHBV-DNA test method,and randomly divided into model group (n=10),low dose of α-2b interferon group (n=11, 1×10⁵ U·100 g^-1) and high dose of α-2b interferon group (n=11,5×10⁵ U·100 g^-1).After 30-day treatment,the serum DHBV-DNA levels of the ducks in various groups were detected by dot hybridization method.The levels of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST),glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT),laminin (LN) and type Ⅲ collagen peptide (PCⅢ) in serum were measured,the levels of IL-6,IL-12,and TNF-α in liver tissue were also measured, and the pathological changes of liver tissue were observed.Results: The level of DHBV-DNA was significantly increased compared with pre-modeling. so the DHBV-infected models were successfully established. Compared with model group,the levels of DHBV-DNA in low and high doses of α-2b interferon groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05);the levels of serum AST and ALT in low and high doses of α-2b interferon groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05); the levels of LN and PCⅢ in high dose of α-2b interferon group were significantly decreased (P<0.05);the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in liver tissue in low and high doses of interferon groups were decreased (P<0.05); but the IL-12 levels have no significant changes (P>0.05).Compared with model group,the liver fibrosis in low and high deses of α-2b interferon groups was improved.Conclusion: α-2b interferon can relieve the inflammation in duck liver tissue induced by DHBV and liver fibrosis. The study provides the theoretical evidence for further development and clinical application of α-2b interferon.

Objective: To explore the regulatory effect of direct renin inhibitor aliskiren on epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) of the renal fibrosis mice induced by unilateral ureteral occlusion,and to clarify its mechanisms of inhibiting renal fibrosis.Methods: Twenty-four ICR mice were divided into sham group,model group, and aliskiren intervention group. The renal fibrosis models were established by unilateral ureteral occlusion.The pathohistomorphology of renal interstitial fibrosis was observed by HE staining.The collagen protein expression in renal interstitial was observed by Masson staining.The α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) expression in the cytoplasm was observed by immnocytochemical staining.The protein expression levels of E-cadherin (E-cad), α-SMA,and type Ⅰ collagen(Col Ⅰ) in the kidney tissue of the mice were detected by Western blotting method.Results: The mouse models of renal fibrosis were successfully produced by unilateral ureteral occlusion.The HE staining and Masson staining results showed that the degree of mouse renal interstitial fibrosis in alikiren intervention group was decreased and the expression level of collagen was reduced compared with model group.The immnocytochemical staining results showed that the expression of α-SMA in renal interstitial fibrosis area in alikiren intervention group was obviously reduced compared with model group.The results of Western blotting methods showed that the expression levels of α-SMA and Col Ⅰ in model group were increased to 1.79 folds and 1.95 folds compared with sham group(P<0.05),while the expression level of E-cad was decreased to 37.23%(P<0.05);the expressions levels of α-SMA and Col Ⅰ were decreased to 63.72% and 65.54% compared with model group(P<0.05),while the expression level of E-cad was increased to 2.1 folds(P<0.05).Conclusion: Aliskiren can inhibit the EMT of renal fibrosis produced by unilateral ureteral occlusion via up-regulation of E-cad expression and down-regulation of expressions of α-SMA and Col Ⅰ.

Objective: To establish the rat models of pulmonary hypertension by operation,and to explore the possible therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) on pulmonary hypertension,and to clarify its possible mechanism.Methods: The MSCs were isolated,cultured and identified. Forty-elght rats were randomly divided into control,model,low dose of MSCs (MSCH), and high dose of MSCs (MSCL) groups. Except control group,the rats in other groups were used to establish pulmonary hypertension models by abdominal aorta inferior vena cava shunting.Eight weeks after treatment,the rats in MSCH and MSCL groups were treated with MSCs,and the rats in model group were treated with the same volume of saline.And 6 weeks later,the right ventricular systolic pressure(RVSP),mean right ventricular pressure(MRVP),mean pulmonary arterial pressure(MPAP) and ventriculus dexter index(VDI) of the rats in various groups were measured.The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum and lung tissue of the rats were also tested.Q-PCR method was used to analyze the expression of NADPH mRNA in lung tissue of the rats.HE staining was recruited to test the morphology of lung tissue.Results: The MSCs were successfully isolated and grew well.According to the result of flow cytometry,the cells were MSCs and the purity was more than 85%.After treatment,compared with control group,the RVSP,MRVP,MPAP and VDI of the rats in model group were increased significantly (P<0.05),compared with model group,the MRVP and MPAP of the rats in MSCL and MSCH groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05),and the RVSP and VDI of the rats in MSCH group were decreased (P<0.05).Compared with control group,the NO and TNF-α levels in serum and lung tissue of the rats in model group were significantly increased (P<0.01);compared with model group,the NO and TNF-α levels in serum of the rats in MSCL and MSCH groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the NO and TNF-α levels in lung tissue of the rats in MSCH group were decreased (P<0.01). Compared with control group,the expression level of NADPH mRNA of the rats in model group was up-regulated (P<0.01);compared with model group,the expression level of NADPH mRNA of the rats in MSCH group was down-regulated (P<0.01). The lung tissue injury of the rats in MSCL and MSCH groups was reduced,and no thickened lung wall was observed.Conclusion: MSCs have therapeutic effect on the pulmonary hypertension and they can inhibit the generation of NO and TNF-α. Its mechanism is related to inhibiting the expression of NADPH gene.

Objective: To observe the changes of neuronal microtubule-associated protein (Tau) and apoptosis related factors in the rat HT22 cells injured by okada acid,and to investigate the protective effect of pilose antler polypeptides (PAP) on the nerve cell injury, and to explore its mechanism.Methods: Okada acid was used to induce the HT22 cell injury in the rats after HT22 cells were cultured in vitro.The HT22 cells were divided into normal control group,DMSO control group,okada acid injury model group and different concentrations of PAP groups (the final concentrations were separately 50,500,and 1 000 mg·L^-1),which were incubated for 24 h at in the condition of 37℃ and 5% CO₂.The levels of Tau phosphorylation and the expressions of apoptosis related factors Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 in the HT22 cels in various groups were detected by immunocytochemical staining, Western blotting and RT-PCR methods.Results: The results of immunocytochemical staining showed that phospho-Tau was colored brown-yellow.The brown-yellow particles in the cells in okada acid injury model group were significantly increased compared with normal control group.The brown-yellow particles in 500 and 1 000 mg·L^-1 PAP groups were significantly decreased compared with okada acid injury model group.The results of Western blotting method showed that the Tau protein expression levels in different concentrations of PAP groups were significantly decreased compared with okada acid injury model (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The expression level of Bcl-2 in 1 000 mg·L^-1 PAP group was significantly increased compared with okada acid injury model group (P<0.05).The expression levels of Caspase-3 in different concentrations of PAP groups had no significant changes compared with okada acid injury model group (P>0.05).The results of RT-PCR showed that the levels of Bcl-2 mRNA in different concentrations of PAP groups were significantly increased compared with okada acid injury model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01);the expression levels of Caspase-3 mRNA in 500 and 1 000 mg·L^-1 PAP groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion: PAP could protect the nerve cells injured by okada acid through inhibiting the excessive phosphorylation of Tau protein and apoptosis mechanism of cells.

Objective: To observe the protective effect of deproteinized extract of calf blood (DECB) on CCl₄-induced liver injury of the mice,and to preliminarily discuss its mechanism.Methods: Fourty healthy ICR mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,positive drug group, and DECB group(n=10).The mice in control group were given saline solution 20 mL·kg^-1 by intragastric administration;the mice in DECB group were given DECB 1 g·kg^-1;the mice in positive drug group were administrated with Hugan Tablets0.63 g·kg^-1;once a day for 30d. 2h after the last administration,the mice in control group were intraperitoneally injected with mixed solution,and the mice in other groups were intraperitoneally injected with 10% CCl₄ (10 mL·kg^-1) mixed solution,then fasted to estabish CCl₄-induced acute injury models. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) and alanine transaminase (AST) in serum of the mice in various groups were detected;the levels of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD),glutathione (GSH) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue of the mice in various groups were determined. The pathological changes of liver tissue were detected by HE staining and the apoptosis of liver tissue was detected by TUNEL method.Results: The ALT and AST activities in serum of the mice in DECB group were significantly lower than those in model group (P<0.05);compared with model group the MDA and GSH levels in liver tissue of the mice in DECB group were reduced(P<0.05),the T-SOD level was obviously increased(P<0.05);the pathological damage of liver tissue caused by CCl₄ was reduced and the apoptosis index was significantly decreased.Conclusion: DECB plays a protective role in CCl₄ -induced liver injury.It can enhance the antioxidant capacity of liver and inhibit the apoptosis of liver cells.The mechanism may be related to reducing the oxygen free radicals and inhibiting the lipid peroxidation.

Objective: To investigate the application and significance of Schwann-like cells in nerve regeneration field by detecting the proliferation ability of Schwann-like cells derived from rat adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs).Methods: The ADSCs obtained from rat adipose tissue were isolated and cultured.The ADSCs at passage 4 were induced to differentiate into Schwann cells under the treatment of inducing factors,such as β-ME,ATRA,PDGF-AA,bFGF,Forskolin, and Heregulin-β. Immunofluorescence,Western blotting and Real-time PCR were performed to detect the expresson levels of the markers of Schwann cells(SCs) S100β,P75, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).The proliferation ability of the Schwann like cells were analyzed using an MTT assay and the mitotic feature of Schwann like cells was also assessed.Results: After induction and differentiation,the Schwann-like cells were spindle and arranged as fence. S-100β,P75, and GFAP protein immunofluorescence were marked by Cy3/FITC,and the positive products were located in the cytoplasm and its processes.The Western blotting and Real-time PCR results showed that S-100β,P75, and GFAP protein and mRNA expression levels in the Schwann-like cells were obviously higher than those in ADSCs(P<0.01).Moreover,the Schwann-like cells possessed a strong proliferation ability of mitosis.Conclusion: ADSCs can be successfully induced to differentiate into Schwann-like cells and express the markers of SCs.In addition,the Schwann-like cells possess a strong proliferation ability of mitosis,revealing that they would be used as the seed cells for nerve tissue engineering.

Objective: To study the effect of mixed Schisandra-Epimedium extract (MSEE) on the learning and memory disorder induced by scopolamine in the mice,and to provide a theoreitical basis for the development of health food of improving auxiliary memory function.Methods: MSEE was extracted by heating reflux extraction. ICR mice were divided into control group (intragastrical administration of water and intraperitoneal saline injection),model group (intragastrical administration of water and intraperitoneal scopolamine injection) and 150,300,600 mg·kg^-1 MSEE groups(intragastrical administration of MSEE and intraperitoneal scopolamine injection).After continuously intragastric administration of MSEE for 30 d,Morris water maze test,step-through test, and step-down test were respectively carried out to observe the effects of MSEE on the learning and memory abilities of the mice.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and clorimetric detection were respectively used to detect the levels of acetylcholine (ACh) and the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain tissue of the mice in various groups.Results: The results of step-through test and step-down test showed that the latency of mice in 600 mg·kg^-1 MSEE group was significantly prolonged compared with model group (P<0.05),and the error times of mice in 150,300, and 600 mg·kg^-1 MSEE groups were significantly reduced (P<0.05). In Morris water maze test,the latencies of mice in 300 and 600 mg·kg^-1 MSEE groups were significantly shortened compared with model group(P<0.05),and the times crossing the platform and the effective areas in the space were increased (P<0.05). Compared with model group,the ACh levels in brain tissue of the mice in 150,300, and 600 mg·kg^-1 MSEE groups were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01) and the AchE activities were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion: MSEE can improve the learning and memory abilities of the mice,and its effect may be related to increasing the ACh level.

Objective: To discuss the changes of expressions of filamentous actin(F-actin),Calponin 3 and Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 2(ROCK2) in neurons of the epileptic mice induced by pilocarpine, and to study the relationship among RhoA/ROCK2 pathway activation and Calponin 3 and the depolymerization and rearrangement of F-actin.Methods: The cortical neurons from ICR neonatal mice were isolated by using papain digestion and were identified with immunohistochemistry staining using microtubule associated protein 2(MAP2) antibody on the 7th day.The neurons cultured for 7 d were divided into control and epilepsy groups. The neurons in control group were cultured in normol neurobasal-A medium, and the neurons in epilepsy groups were cultured in medium with final concentrations of 2,3,and 4 mmol·L^-1 of pilocarpine respectively which were replaced by normol neurobasal-A medium after 24 h. The neurons of mice in various groups were fixed at different time points after modeling, then immunohistochemistry and fluorescence staining were performed. The fluorescence intensity of F-actin in neurons was observed by phalloidine staining labeled by Alex-546, as well as the expressions and distributions of Calponin3, ROCK2 and p-ROCK2 in neurons were observed by immunohistochemical staining.Results: The results of light microscope observation and F-acitn fluorescence staining showed that the neurons in 2 mmol·L^-1 pilocarpine group had no obviously changes 24 h after modeling compared with control group;the F-actin deconstruction and neurite disappearance partly of neurons in 3 mmol·L^-1 pilocarpine group were found, which gradually restored in next 7 d after the culture medium was replaced by normal one;the severel and irreversibe damage of F-actin structure and neurite disappearance in 4 mmol·L^-1 pilocarpine group were found.The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that Calponin 3 and ROCK2 dispersively distributed in cytoplasm in control group;as for epilepsy model group(3 mmol·L^-1 pilocarpine),Calponin 3 and ROCK2 obviously aggregated beneath the cell membrane 1 d after modeling, and their expression levels were gradually increased with the prolongation of culture time. The expressions of p-ROCK2 in epileptic groups were significantly higher than that in control group, and they were increased with the prolongation of culture time.Conclusion: The neuron epilepsy models are successfully established by using 3 mmol·L^-1 pilocarpine. 3 mmol·L^-1 pilocarpine may activate ROCK2 to p-ROCK2,and up-regulate the expression levels of ROCK2 and p-ROCK2 in neurons, so it can promote the depolymerization of F-actin and result in neurite disappearance partly. p-ROCK2 may activate Calponin 3 phosphorylation and promote the F-actin reconstruction and the restoration of the morphology of epileptic neurons gradually.

Objective: To prepare the titaniumaaloy(TC4) dental implant by novel 3D printing laser rapid prototyping method and analyze the mechanical properties of 3D printing TC4 material, and to provide foundation for the application of 3D printing technology in the preparation of dental implant.Methods: The digital models of dental implant and the test specimens were set up and the TC4 samples were prepared by 3D printing method. The phase composition and microstructures were observed by XRD,EDS, metaloscope and SEM, the mechanical properties of 3D printing TC4 material for dental implant were detected by microhardness tester and tensile experiment. Results: The microstructure of 3D printing TC4 material was uniform; the tensile strength, yield strength, and extensibility were (1 821.7±146.2) Mpa,(1 355.9±109.2) Mpa, and(31.3±1.8)%, respectively;the vikershardness was 372.93-428.46HV; the mechanical properties of 3D printing TC4 material met the national medical standards of dental implant material.Conclusion: The 3D printing TC4 material could meet the demanding of mechanical properties for dental implant material, and 3D printing technology is promising in dental implant preparation and immediate individual implantation.

Objective: To explore the effects of Inonotus obliquus (IO)on the behavior and histopathology of vascular dementia(VD) rats,and to clarify the protective effect of IO on the VD rats.Methods: Total 100 Wistar rats were selected.Bilateral carotid artery repeating occlusion and intraperitoneal injection of sodium nitroprusside were used to establish the VD rat models. The rats were divided in control group,model group, positive group (piracetam,0.5g·kg^-1) and low, medium, and high doses of IO groups (0.5,1.0,and 2.0g·kg^-1). After 8 weeks of intragastric administration,the rats were tested by Morris water maze test,then they were sacrificed,and the histopathological changes were investigated.Results: In Morris water maze test,compared with model group,the latency and swimming distance of the rats in medium and high doses of IO groups on the second to the 6th days were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);on the 7th day,the times of crossing platform,the times of crossing effective area,the time of staying in effective area,the distance of staying in effective area,the time of staying in effective area/total time,distance of staying in effective area/total distance of the rats were significantly increased (P<0.05).Compared with model group,the time of staying on platform and the time of staying on platform/total time of the rats in high dose of IO group were significantly increased (P<0.05).The histopathological results showed that compared with model group,the cerebral cortex and hippocampus injury of the rats in high dose of IO group were significantly reduced.Conclusion: IO has a protective effect on the VD rats. It can improve the study and memory abilities of VD rats and reduce the pathological injury of brain tissue of VD rats.

Objective: To compare the shaping and cutting capabilities of three kinds of nickel-titanium instruments in resin simulated root canals,and to provide the reference for their clinical application.Methods: A total of 30 simulated resin blocks were randomly divided into Reciproc,One file,and WaveOne groups(n=10).The preparation time,reduction in weight after preparation,the changes in canal curvature and centering capability were measured.Results: The preparation time in WaveOne group was longer than other two groups (P<0.05).The reduction in weight after preparation had no significantly difference in three groups(P>0.05). The changes of canal curvature among the three groups were not significantly different (P>0.05).At the 5 mm point,the centering capabilities in Reciproc and One file groups were significantly better than that in WaveOne group (P<0.05),and the centering capabilities in One file group were significantly better than those in other two groups at the 6 and 7 mm points(P<0.05).Conclusion: WaveOne,Reciproc,and One file can maintain the original canal curvature. The efficacy of WaveOne is lower than other two groups;One file exhibits superior centering capability in the preparation of canal compared with other two groups.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the changes of serum thyroid hormone levels in di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) exposure population,and to provide a scientific evidence for the study on pathogenesis of thyroid disease.Methods: The studies about the association between DEHP exposure and thyroid hormone levels published with Chinese and English were electronically searched in PubMed,EMbase,CNKI database,WanFang database and VIP Chinese Journal Database up to July 1,2016. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the data was extracted and screened by two researchers.The results of Meta-analysis were performed using RevMan 5.2 software.Results: Seven studies were finally screened,including one high-quality and six medium-quality studies.All studies were published with English,involving 5 692 samples.The results of Meta-analysis showed that the levels of serum TSH,FT4 and T4 were reduced respectively by 10% (OR=0.10,95%CI:0.02-0.44,P=0.002),6% (OR=0.06,95%CI,0.00-0.81, P=0.03),and 7% (OR=0.07,95%CI:0.01-0.39,P=0.002),with the increasing of urine mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) level with 1 μg·L^-1, whereas the relation between DEHP and T3 had no statistical significance (P=0.11).Conclusion: Human DEHP exposure can reduce the levels of thyroid hormones in different degrees.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of androgen receptor(AR) in the living conditions in the triple-negative breast cancer patients,and to explore whether there is a difference in the survival rates between the breast cancer patients with positive AR and those with negative AR.Methods: PubMed,Medline,EMbase,Cochrane Library,CNKI,CBM,Wanfang,and VIP databases were systemically searched to collect the published studies about the influence of AR in the living conditions of the patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.1 software.Results: There were 9 cohort studies were selected for Meta-analysis,4 Chinese and 5 English.1 295 patients included 362 AR+ and 933 AR-.In evaluation of study quality,7 studies scored more than 7,and 2 studies less than 6.The overall survival(OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of the triple-negative breast cancer patients with AR+ and AR- had no differences (OR=0.70,95%CI:0.33-1.46,P=0.32;OR=0.41,95%CI:0.17-0.98,P=0.05). The 5-year DFS and OS of the AR+ patients were higher than the AR-patients(OR=0.30,95%CI:0.11-0.86,P=0.02;OR=0.19,95%CI:0.11-0.33,P<0.01).Conclusion: AR has a positive impact on the 5-year DFS and OS of the triple-negative breast cancer patients,but its influence in the 3-year and 10-year survival can't be confirmed.

Objective: To investigate the association of PLA2G4C (phospholipase A2,group IVC) gene polymorphisms with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the North Han Chinese children,and to explore whether PLA2G4C is a susceptibility gene for ASD in the North Han Chinese children.Methods: A total of 85 ASD children and 183 healthy controls were included in the study.Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)sites (rs9226,rs1045376,rs251684,rs2307279,and rs156631) in PLA2G4C were selected and their genotypes were measured using Sequenom Mass ARRAY System.SNPStats program was adopted to analyze the Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) equilibrium test,the distribution of genotypic and allelic frequencies,the association of ASD with 5 SNPs under five genetic models,and the association of ASD with haplotypes.Results: The distribution of genotypic frequencies of 5 SNPs of PLA2G4C gene in case and control groups wasn't deviated with H-W equilibrium (P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the distribution of genotypic and allelic frequencies of 5 SNPs between case and control groups (P>0.05).No significant association was found between ASD and the 5 SNPs under five genetic models (P>0.05).The haplotypes composed by the three SNPs (rs251684,rs2307279,and rs156631) were not associated with ASD (P>0.05).Conclusion: PLA2G4C may not be a susceptibility gene for ASD in the North Han Chinese children.

Objective: To find a panel of marker genes for detection of circulating tumor cells of breast cancer,and to investigate the relationship between the relative cancer cell load (Lc) and the clinicopathological characteristics in the breast cancer patients.Methods: The peripheral blood samples from 142 breast cancer patients (breast cancer group) and 60 healthy female donors (normal control group) were collected.Digital Gene Expression Displayer Tool of the National Cancer Institute-Cancer Genome Anatomy Project was used to identify the marker genes for the detection of circulating tumor cells.Using real-time quantitative PCR method,the expression levels of a panel of marker genes (FAM83A,NPY1R and KRT19) in peripheral blood of the subjects were detected and the Lc value was calculated by the formula.Results: The expression levels of tumor marker genes (FAM83A,NPY1R and KRT19) in peripheral blood of the patients in breast cancer group were significantly higher than those in normal control group (P<0.001).In total,13 cases (79.6%) among the 142 breast cancer patient were found to express at least one tumor marker in blood samples.In addition,the Lc value was correlated with its clinical stage and distant metastasis in the breast cancer patients.The survival time of the breast cancer patients with Lc>2 was shorter than that of the patients with Lc<2.Conclusion: A novel panel of marker genes to detect the circulating tumor cells are identified.The Lc value calculated with these genes has relationship with the clinical stage and distant metastasis of the breast cancer patients and can be used to predict the prognosis of breast cancer.

Objective: To investigate the expression levels of interleukin-33 (IL-33) and soluble ST2(sST2) in the pleural effusion and the corresponding peripheral blood of the patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and tuberculous pleural effusion(TPE),and to clarify their significances.Methods: A total of 72 patients with pleural effusion were selected (42 cases of MPE,30 cases of TPE).The expression levels of IL-33 and sST2 in the pleural effusion and peripheral blood were measured by ELISA.Another 38 healthy controls were selected as healthy control group.The expression levels of IL-33 and sST2 in the pleural effusion and peripheral blood were compared between MPE,TPE patients, and healthy people.The correlation between the expression levels of IL-33 and sST2 in the pleural effusion and serum of the patients in two groups were analyzed. The IL-33 level and the ratio of sST2/IL-33 were obtained using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) to identify the cut-off values of MPE and TPE and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity.Results: There was no statistical significance in the expression levels of serum IL-33 and sST2 between MPE and TPE (P>0.05),but they were higher than those in healthy control group (P<0.01).The expression level of IL-33 in pleural effusion of the TPE patients was higher than that in the corresponding serum (P<0.01),but the expression level of IL-33 in pleural effusion of the MPE patients was significantly lower than that in the corresponding serum (P<0.05).The expression level of IL-33 in pleural effusion of the TPE patients was significantly higher than that of the MPE patients(P<0.05).The expression level of sST2 in pleural effusion of the MPE patients was higher than that of the TPE patients (P<0.01). The expression levels of IL-33 in pleural effusion in MPF (r_MPF=0.930 4) and TPE(r_TPF=0.990 7) patients were positively correlated with those in corresponding serum; the expression level of sST2 in pleural effusion of the MPE patients was positively correlated with sST2 level in the corresponding serum (r=0.934 5),but there was no correlation in the TPF patients.The cut-off value of IL-33 expression level in pleural effusion for the differential diagnosis of TPE and MPE was 17.08 ng·L^-1,with the corresponding sensitivity of 96.7% and the specificity of 92.9%,respectively.The cut-off value of sST2/IL-33 ratio in pleural effusion for the differential diagnosis of TPE and MPE was 15.06,with the corresponding sensitivity of 96.8% and the specificity of 95.5%,respectively.Conclusion: IL-33 and sST2 are likely to participate in the inflammatory response of pleurisy of TPE and MPE in different degrees.The montoring of expression level of IL-33 in pleural effusion and the ratio of IL-33/sST2 may be a new method for the differential diagnosis of MPE and non-MPE with better clinical application value.

Objective: To explore clinical significance of alpha 1 microglobulin (α1-MG) in the evaluation on liver function in the patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) through detecting the serum levels of α1-MG in the CHB patients with different liver function injuries.Methods: Total 243 CHB patients were divided into normal liver and renal function group(n=94),normal liver function and abnormal renal function group(n=20),abnormal liver function and normal renal function group(n=100),abnormal liver and renal function group(n=29),while 67 cases of healthy persons were selected as control group.The serum α1-MG levels of the subjects in various groups were measured by immune turbidimetry; the liver function indexes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP),and the renal function indexes such as creatinine (CREA),blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were determinedby ultraviolet lactate dehydrogenase method,UV-malate dehydrogenase method,AMP buffer method,sarcosine oxidase method, and UV-glutamic acid dehydrogenase method.Results: Compared with control group,the level of α1-MG in serum of the patients in abnormal liver function and nomal renal function group was significantly decreased (P<0.05),the serum α1-MG levels of the patients in normal liver function and renal function group and abnormal liver and renal function group had no significant changes (P>0.05),and the serum α1-MG level of the patients in normal liver function and abnormal renal function group was significantly increased (P<0.01).According to α1-MG <10 mg·L^-1 as the standard for judging abnormal liver function,the positive rate of α1-MG in the patients in abnormal liver function and normal renal function group was 36% and the positive rate in abnormal liver and renal function group was 24%.As to α1-MG <15 mg·L^-1 as the standard,the positive rate of α1-MG in abnormal liver function and normal renal function group was 68%.The serum α1-MG level had negatively correlated with the ALT,AST and ALP of the patients in abnormal liver function and nomal renal function group (r=-0.934,r=-0.916,r=-0.847,P<0.01),and its values were decreased with the severity of liver injury.Conclusion: α1-MG detection has certain clinical significance in judging liver function in the patients with CHB,but it is necessary to exclude the interference caused by renal damage.

Objective: To explore the change of serum periostin level in peripheral blood of the children with bronchial asthma,and to clarify its role in asthma.Methods: Sixty-five children with bronchial asthma were randomly chosen as observation group,and 50 healthy children were also randomly chosen as control group.The levels of periostin,IgE,eosinophil cationic protein(ECP) and the number of eosinophils in peripheral blood of all subjects were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels and pulmonary function test indexes including forced expiratory volume in one second/predicted value ratio (FEV₁% pred),forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV₁/FVC ratio were also detected.Results: Compared with control group,the serum periostin,IgE,and ECP levels,the number of eosinophils and FeNO in observation group were significantly increased (P<0.05),while the FEV₁%pred and FEV₁/FVC ratio were significantly decreased (P<0.05).The area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.668 (P=0.02) and the threshold for periostin to identify asthma was 80.89 μg·L^-1 (95% CI:0.570-0.766) with the sensitivity of 29.23% and specificity of 92.00%. Periostin was positively correlated with the eosinophil count as well as FeNO (r=0.519, P=0.019;r=0.602,P=0.008).Conclusion: The periostin level in peripheral blood of the children with asthma is significantly increased and it can be used as a preliminary indicator to rule out asthma in the children.Inhibiting Th2-mediated inflammatory response is one target for the treatment of asthma.

Objective: To detect the expression levels of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt),B cell activating transcription factor(BATF) in sputum of the patients with neutrophilic asthma(NA),Th17 cells-related cytokines such as interleukin-8(IL-8),IL-17, and IL-22 in peripheral blood,and to investigate their effects in the pathogenesis of NA.Methods: Fifty-six patients with asthma were selected as subjects and the sputum was induced with 45% normal saline.According to the results of sputum smear by MGG staining,they were divided into eosinophilic asthma group (EA,n=26) and NA group (n=30).28 cases of healthy volunteers were selected as control group. The expression levels of IL-8,IL-17, and IL-22 in serum were detected by ELISA and the expressions of BATF and RORγt mRNA in sputum were determined by RT-PCR. And T-lymphocytes were collected from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC),and then the percentages of Th17 cells were determined by flow cytometry.Results: Compared with NC and EA groups,the levels of IL-8,IL-17, and IL-22 in serum of the patients in NA group were significantly increased (P<0.05),but there were no significant differences between EA and NC groups(P>0.05).Compared with NC and EA groups,the expression levels of BATF and RORγt mRNA were significantly increased (P<0.01); compared with NC and EA groups, the percentage of Th17 cells in PBMC of the pathents in NA group was significantly increased (P<0.01),but there was no significant difference between EA and NC groups(P>0.05).Conclusion: RORγt and BATF involve in the onset and development of airway inflammation in the patients with NA,and Th17 cells as well as Th17-related cytokines such as IL-17 and IL-22 may be closely associated with systematic resposes of NA.

Objective: To master the distribution and drug resistance of deep fungal infection in the ICU patients,and to provide the basis for diagnosis and treatment of fungal infection in clinic.Methods: The fungi isolated from the ICU patient samples in First Hospital of Jilin University from January 2012 to December 2014 were collected. Retrospective study was used to analyze the fungal distribution and drug resistance.The strains were identified by VITEK-32 system and drug susceptibility test was performed with Fungus 3.Results: A total of 1 563 fungal strains were isolated,in which 6.4%(439/6 852),7.2%(444/6189),9.8%(680/6 919) were isolated from 2012 to 2014. The positive rates of fungal detection we re increased year by year(χ²=55.918,P<0.05).The top four fungi were Candida albicans(49.9%),Candida glabrata(17.5%),Candida tropicalis(11.1%),and Candida krusei(10.1%).The top four samples were sputum(38.4%),urine(18.2%),excrement(15.5%),and drain(6.8%).The four major Candida were all sensitive to 5-flucytosine,the difference was not significant between groups(P>0.05);but they had different resistance to voriconazole,fluconazole,and itraco nazole.Conclusion: The positive rates of fungi are increased every year.The major fungus is Candida albicans,and the major sample is sputum.The common fungi have different resistance to antifungal drugs,and monitoring should be enhanced.

Objective: To investigate the cognitive differences in the medical behaviors of the cervical cancer patients with different backgroundsundergoing radiotherapy,and to explore the relationship between the models of communication and the degrees of anxiety,and to provide reference for improving the radiotherapy obedient of the patients with cervical cancer and completing the models of communication.Methods: The clinical materials of 89 cervical cancer patients newly admitted and treated with radiotherapy were collected;the clinical current doctor-patient communication contents (explanation of patients' condition,treatment process,treatment time,associated symptoms,treatment cost and treatment effects)and the cognitive status of patients were investigated;the degrees of anxiety were evaluated by anxiety self rating scale (SAS), and descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis were performed.Results: The SAS scores were positively correlated with the concomitant symptoms (P<0.01).The SAS scores of the patients waiting for radiotherapy and the patients receivingradiotherapy from the beginning to 4 weeks after admission were significantly positively correlated with the patient's satisfaction score of the communication contents(P<0.05).Conclusion: To improve the satisfaction degree of doctor-patient communication content of the cervical cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy can relieve the anxiety degrees of cervical cancer patients and improve the radiotherapy obedience of the patients with cervical cancer.

Objective: To investigate the changes of blood coagulation function and D-dimer levels in the ovarian cancer patients before and after dentritic cells-cytokine-induced killer cells (DC-CIK) immunotherapy, and to clarify its clinical significance.Methods: Forty ovarian cancer patients treated with DC-CIK immunotherapy were selected. The indicators of blood coagulation function and the D-dimer levels. 5 d before G-CSF mobilization and 1 month after DC-CIK immunotherapy were detected. The differences in the blood coagulation function and D-dimer levels of the ovarian cancer patients were compared between before and after DC-CIK immunotherapy.Results: The D-dimer level of the ovarian cancer patients was decreased from 1063μg·L^-1 to 485μg·L^-1 after DC/CIK cell reinfusion (P<0.05), and the fibrinogen(FIB) level was decreased by 10%(P<0.05). The changes were more significant in the ovarian cancer patients at Ⅳstage (FIB) and the patients aged over 60 years old. Compared with before treatment,the proption of ovarian cancer patients with normal D-dimer level (<243μg·L^-1) after treatment was increased(P<0.05).Conclusion: DC-CIK immunotherapy can reduce the levels of D-dimer and FIB in the ovarian cancer patients, and also reduce the risk of venous thrombosis.

Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of mosapride citrate on lower gastrointestinal tract function disorder of the patients with Parkinson's syndrome, and to clarify its mechnism.Methods: A total of 29 patients with Parkinson's syndrome complicated with lower gastrointestinal tract function disorder (20 men,9 women; mean age, 68.7 years) were selected and treated with 15 mg of mosapride citrate 3 times a day,by oral for 3 months. The colonic transit time (CTT) of the patients was detected.and rectoanal videomanometry was used to measure the pressures and capacities in colon of the patients at different periods.Results: The defecation diffculties were improved after treated with mosapride citrate. Compared with before treatment, the mean CTT of the patients after treatment was shorten (P<0.05), expecially in the left colon (P<0.01). Compared with before treatment, mosapride augmented the amplitude in rectal contraction after treatment (P<0.05) and lessened the volume of postdefecation residuals.Conclusion: As a kind of 5-HT4 receptor agonist and 5-HT3 receptor antagonistic agent, mosapride citrate can promote the lower gastrointestinal tract motility and ameliorate constipation in the Parkinson's syndrome patients.

Objective: To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods, which were hematoma aspiration surgery guided by stereotactic and simple marker positioning in the treatment of medium dose of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HICH),and to provide a reference for clinicians to choose the reasonable operation met hod.Methods: A total of 43 cases of HICH underwent hematoma aspiration surgery were selected.According to the patient's family willing,20 cases were underwent hematoma aspiration surgery guided by stereotactic (stereotactic group)and 23 cases were underwent simple marker positioning(simple positioning group).All the patients had medium dose of hypertensive hemorrhage(30-70 mL) in the basal ganglia region.The hematoma clearence rates of the patients at the 1st and 3rd days after operation,the postoperative drainage tube indwelling time,the lengths of drainage tube in hematoma,the postoperative cather accuracy,the postoperative complications, and the GOS scores 6 months after operation were observed and recorded.Results: Compared with simple positioning group,the postoperative catheter accuracy,the postoperative hematoma clearence rate on the 1st day,and the GOS score 6 months after operation of the patients in stereotactic group were increased(P<0.05); but the postoperative hematoma clearance rate on the 3rd day,the postoperative drainage tube indwelling time,the incidence of complification,and rebleeding rate had no significant differences(P>0.05).Conclusion: For the patients with medium dose of HICH, the clinical effect of stereotactic aspiration to guide the skull drilling insertion is precise.At the same time,removal of intracranial hematoma as early as possible is better for the HICH patients' prognosis,and it's worthy of clinical popularization and application.

Objective: To observe the efficacy of febuxostat in the treatment of gouty arthritis and the changes of ultrasound image of the affected joints before and after treatment.Methods: Sixty-six patients with gouty arthritis were selected and divided into febuxostat group(febuxostat 40 mg·d^-1,n=37) and allopurinol group(allopurinol 100 mg·d^-1,n=29) according to the situation of drugs.The serum uric acid(UA),lipid levels of the subjects in two groups and the changes of synovial membrane surrounding blood flows signals and ultrasound images of the affected joints before and after treatment were observed.Results: Compared with before treatment,the UA levels of patients in two groups were decreased after treatment(P<0.05);At 16,20,24 weeks, the percentages of the patients whose serum UA level reached the target value in febuxostat group was higher than that of the patients in allopurinol group(P<0.05).Compared with before treatment,the level of high density lipoprotein(HDL) in febuxostat group after treatment was increased(P=0.001);the levels of triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC) and low density lipoprotein(LDL) had no significant changes(P>0.05).There were no statistically significant differences of TC,TG,LDL and HDL of the patients in allopurinol group between before and after treatment(P>0.05). Most of the UA crystal disappeared after treatment of the patients in two groups (febuxostat group 71.4%, allopurinol group 58.9%);febuxostat was better than allopurinol in dissolving UA crystal with acute gout attack.The articular effusion at acute stage of gout,joint soft tissue swelling and synovial membrane surrounding blood flow signals of the patients in two groups were improved,but there were no notably changes between two groups.There were no significant changes in chronic gout attack of the patients in two groups.Conclusion: Febuxostat can effectively reduce the UA levels of the patients with gouty arthritic, improve the performance of acute gout attack, and effectively dissolve the crystal.

Objective: To visually restore the damage scopes and extents of bone and articular surface of the patients with knee joint injury with three-dimensional(3D) printing stereolithographic models, and to provide the reliable basis for diagnosis of the patients with severe arthritis and formulation of customized treatment plan in clinic.Methods: A male patient with traumatic arthritis aged 19 years old was selected. The computed tomography(CT) data of bilateral lower limbs of the patient was collected, and the 3D reconstruction was performed. The stereolithographic models of the ipsilateral and contralateral knee joint bones of the patient in a ratio of 1:1. The selected parameters were compared by computer between the models and bones, and statistic analysis was completed. Based on the preoperative surgical simulation, the individualized treatment plan was formulated. Through the above processes, the size of prosthesis was determined finally, and the total knee arthroplasty(TKA) was completed.Results: There were no statistical differences in the parameters of knee images between the models and bones(P>0.05). During the operation, the damages of distal femur, proximal tibia, and articular surface were highly consistent with 3D-printed models. The size and shape of prosthesis were matched with the patient's bones. The operation duration and amount of bleeding were decreased. The results of short-term follow-up of the patient were satisfactory.Conclusion: 3D printing stereolithographic model owns high precision. It can be used for assisted diagnosis of osteoarthritis and operation simulation, formulating individualized treatment plan and increasing the efficacy of operation.

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and the risk factors of vitiligo in children,and to provide basis for the personalized invention treatment in clinic.Methods: A total of 1 040 patients with vitiligo treated in our hospital were divided into children group(n=271,age≤12 years) and adult group(n=769,age>18 years); physical examination and a standardized questionnaire were used to collect the data and the clinical characteristics and the risk factors were analyzed.Results: In 271 children patients with vitiligo, the ratio of male to female was about 1:1,there was no significant difference compared with adult group(P>0.05). The high season of vitiligo in children and adult groups were spring and summer. The ratios of segmental vitiligo and focal vitiligo in children group were siginificantly higher than those in adult group(P<0.05); the incidence of sporadic type, generalized type and acral type in children group was lower than that in adult group(P<0.05).The most common precipitating factors of vitiligo in children group were dermatosis and trauma(14.76%,13.28%), but the psychological factors were the most common precipitating factors in adult group(29.39%).The incidence of halo nevi in children group was higher than that in adult group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the percentages of the patients with positive family history of vitiligo between children and adult groups(P>0.05).Conclusion: There are some differences in clinical characteristics of vitiligo between the children and the adults.Dermatosis,trauma and halo nevi are the major risk factors of vitiligo in the children.

Objective: To discuss the clinical efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy(ESWT) in the treatment of spasticity of biceps brachii in the stroke patients,and to elucidate its possible mechanism.Methods: A total of 48 patients with spasticity of biceps brachii after stroke were selected divided into control group and combined treatment group according to the table of random number(n=24).All patients in two groups received routine rehabilitation treatment. Based on routine treatment, the patients in combined treatment group received ESWT.Modified Ashworth Scale(MAS) and simplified Fugl-Meyer(FMA) were used to evaluate the spasticity of biceps brachii and upper limb motor function of the patients in two groups before treatment and 2 weeks after treatment.Results: Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the MAS score and FMA score of biceps brachii of the patients between two groups(P>0.05).Compared with before treatment,the scores of MAS and FMA of biceps brachii of the patients in combined treatment group were significantly improved(P<0.05).The MAS score of biceps brachii of the patients in combined treatment group 2 weeks after treatment was lower(P=0.001) while the FMA score was significantly higher than those in control group(P=0.023).There were no adverse reactions in the patients in combined treatment group.Conclusion: Aplication of ESWT can effectively relieve the spasticity of biceps brachii of the stroke patients,and the effective rate in combined treatment group was greatly superior to control group.

Objective: To detect the Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)antibody in the children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP),and to clarify the correlation between MP infection and HSP in the children.Methods: A total of 323 cases of hospitalized children with HSP in the same age group and period and in line with the diagnosis criteria. 52 cases of arrhythmia patients without a recent history of infection,247 cases of acute bronchitis and 122 cases of children with bronchopneumonia were selected as HSP, arrhythmia, acute bronchitis and bronchopneumonia groups.According to the standard set,the HSP patients were divided into refractory HSP group and general HSP group.Pssive agglutination method was to detect the MP antibody in serum of the children in various groups and statistical analysis was performed.Results: The MP antibodies in 281 children in HSP group were detected and they were positive in 153 cases (54.4%); the MP antibodies in 52 cases in arrhythmia group were detected and they were positive in 17 cases (32.7%);the MP antibodies in 247 cases in acute bronchitis group was detected and they were positive in 146 cases (59.1%); the MP antibodies in 122 cases in bronchopneumonia group were detected and they were positive in 46 cases (37.7%).Compared with arrhythmia and bronchiopneumonia groups,the positive rate of MP antibodies in HSP group was significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with acute bronchitis group,the positive rate of MP antibodies in HSP group had no significant difference(P>0.05).Compared with general HSP group,the positive rate of MP antibodies in refractory HSP group was significantly increased (P<0.05).Conclusion: The positive rate of MP antibodies in the children with HSP is increased;MP antibodies may make the HSP complicated in the HSP children.

Objective: To dissuss the feasibility of the application of iDose⁴ to improve image quality and reduce the radiation dose in coronary artery CT angiography(CCTA)compared with traditional filter back-projection(FBP).Methods: A total of 60 patients under went 256-slice spiral CT coronary angiography were randomly divided into two groups, 30 cases in each group. In one group 120 kV tube voltage was used,and FBP (FBP-120 kV group) and iDose⁴ (iDose⁴-120 kV group) reconstruction were performed. In another group, 100 kV tube voltage and iDose⁴ technique reconstruction(iDose⁴-100 kV group) were used. The image quality in FBP-120 kV group compared with iDose⁴-120 kV group and iDose⁴-100kV group.The radiation doses in FBP-120 kV and iDose⁴-100 kV groups were also compared.Results: The average score of image quality in FBP-120 kV group was (3.29±0.61) points, and was (3.43±0.51) points in iDose⁴-120 kV,there was no significant difference between them (t=-1.47, P=0.17).The mean image quality score in iDose⁴-100 kV group was(3.21±0.43)points, and threre was no statistical difference compared with FBP-120 kV group(t=0.58,P=0.58). The signal to noise ratio(SNR) and contrast to noise ratio(CNR) in iDose⁴-120 kV group were higher than those in FBP-120 kV group(P<0.01). The SNR and CNR in iDose⁴-100 kV group had no significant differences compared with FBP-120 kV group (P>0.15). The effective dose in iDose⁴-100 kV group was significantly lower than that in FBP-120 kV group (P<0.001).Conclusion: In CT imaging of coronary artery, compared with FBP, iDose⁴ technology can improve the quality of image and appropriately reduce the tube voltage under the condition of guaranting the quality of image,and it can reduce the radiation dose.

Objective: To investigate the clinical application value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in liver neoplasm biopsy and the related factors influencing the accuracy rate of biopsy,and to provide the useful evidence for early diagnosis of liver neoplasm.Methods: A total of 71 patients with liver neoplasms(73 neoplasms) were selected and divided into conventional ultrasound group (underwent biopsy guided by conventional ultrasound) (45 neoplasms) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound group(underwent biopsy guided by contrast-enhanced ultrasound) (28 neoplasms).The biopsy results were compared with the pathologic results.At the same time,the relationships between the accuracy rate of puncture and the characteristics of neoplasms were analyzed.Results: The accuracy rates of biopsy in conventional ultrasound group was 73.33%,and 92.86% in contrast-enhanced ultrasound group;there was significant difference between two groups(χ²=4.245,P<0.05).In conventional ultrasound group,the accuracy rate of 2-4 cm tumor was higher than that of 0-2 cm tumor(χ²=11.54,P<0.05);the accuracy rate of tumor with puncture depth < 5 cm was higher than that of tumor with puncture depth>5 cm (χ²=16.67,P<0.05);the accuracy rate of homogenous tumor was higher than that of inhomogenous tumor(χ²=9.66,P<0.05); the accuracy rate of clear margin tumor was higher than that of vague margin tumor(χ²=13.31,P<0.05);the accuracy rate of level Ⅱ-Ⅳ tumor was higher than that of level 0-Ⅰ tumor(χ²=9.82,P<0.05). The accuracy rates of tumor with puncture depth>5 cm and inhomogenous tumor in contrast-enhanced ultrasound group were higher than those in conventrional ultrasound group(P<0.05).Conclusion: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can obviously increase the accuracy rate of liver neoplasm biopsy. Conventional ultrasound gets the low accuracy rates of liver neoplasm biopsy,especially for the tumor with diameter < 2 cm, inhomogeneous echoes (with liquefaction or not),vague margin,level 0-Ⅰ blood flow classification,and puncture depth >5 cm,suggesting contrast-enhanced ultrasound should be performed.

Objective: To investigate a simple and effective method of evaluating the fat graft survival rate after transplantation, and to provide the objective basis for the clinicians to select the dose of rejection.Methods: A total of 60 cases underwent facial autologous fat granule injection transplantation and needed reinjection were selected. They were divided into observation group and control group (n=30) according to the treatment order. The changes of fat volume or the thickness of subcutaneous tissue in transplantation area of the subjects in observation group were measured by high frequency ultrasound one week and three months after operation, the fat graft survival rate after transplantation was calculated, and the reinjection dose was determined by the fat graft survival rate after one-stage operation. In control group, the reinjection dose was on the basis of the amount of fat needed to be over corrected 40% determined by the doctor's experience. The operation effect questionnaire was filled out by the operator, the patients and the third party 3 months after reinjection; combined with the ultrasound examination results, the results of the satisfaction rate of the subjects were compared between two groups.Results: In observation group, 30 cases were able to identify the range of fat graft, in which the volumes of 39 parts could be calculated by measuring the length, width and thickness of the grafts; the thickness of soft tissue of subcutaneous tissue in transplantation area of 20 parts with large transplantation area was recorded,and the survival rates was 52%-80% which was calculated by the changes of the fat volume or the thickness of graft, and the reinjection dose was selected according to the survival rate of fat transplantation. 1 case of fat transplantation appeared induration in observation group, 3 cases in control group, and 1 case presented cyst 3 months after reinjection. The total satisfaction rate after operation in observation group was 91.7%, and the total satisfaction rate after operation in control group was 80.0%; the difference was significant(P>0.05).Conclusion: High frequency ultrasound is a simple and effective method to evaluate the survival rate of transplanted fat, and it can improve the satisfaction of reinjection.

Objective: To build the SD rat models of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD) complicated with epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickening, and to lay the foundation for the study on the role of EAT in CAD.Methods: Fifty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into control group(n=15) and model group (n=35). The rats in model group were fed with high fat diet; the rats were given i.p. injection of vitamin D3 in a dose of 200 000 IU·kg^-1 monthly for consecutive 3 months, a total of 4 times. The rats in control group were administrated with the same volume of normal saline through the same route and were fed with normal diet. It took 210 d to build the models. The general condition, body weights, blood lipid levels, epicardial fat thickness and pathological changes of myocar clium tissue were detected.Results: The general condition showed that the hair of the rats in model group was shading and the activities were decreased.At 90-180 d, the body weights were slowly increased,and at 180-210 d, the body weights were gradually decreased. Compared with control group, the EAT thickness, the serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) levels and atherosclerosis index(AI) of the rats in model group were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) level was significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). No intima-media thickness and vascular stenosis of the coronary artery were found in control group and the vessel wall was complete. The atherosclerotic plaque and the intima thickness were not found in myocardial small vessel as well. However, the endothelial damage, inflammatory cell infiltration and lipid deposition, atherosclerotic plaques and calcification in the coronary artery wall of the rats in model group were found;the intima-media thickness was increased, coronary stenosis was above 85%, and a large number of foam cells were found in the intima which was thickened and damaged. Conclusion: The stable and reproducible SD rat models of CAD complicated with EAT thickening are successfully established, which can be used to study the role of EAT in the pathophysiology and molecular biology of CAD.

Objective: To investigate the lyophilization process of NV protease,and to provide the relative parameters of lyophilization of NV protease.Methods: The NV protease solution was prepared. The circular dichroism of NV protease was analyzed under the condition of different temperatures and pH values. The activity of NV protease was measured using azocasein. The NV protease was lyophilized using two-step lyophilization. The concentration of expediency and the freezing rate of expediency of Tween 80 as a cryoprotectant of NV protease were detected.Results: The activity and solubility of lyophilized NV protease were decreased with the increase of average freezing rate. The expedient of Tween 80 was 0.01% in balancing the activity and solubility of lyophilized NV protease, and the optimal average freezing rate was 2.0℃·min^-1 to reduce the time cost of lyophilization.Conclusion: NV protease is resistant to the reduction of the temperature and pH value during lyophilization. The average freezing rate affects the activity and solubility of lyophilized NV protease. The combination of 0.01% Tween 80 and 2.0℃·min^-1 average freezing rate is an effective choice for NV protease lyophilization.

Objective: To establish a good operability, simple and efficient mouse kidney cell separation and primary culture model, and to lay the foundation for further study.Methods: The murine kidney tissues were collected and the glomeruli with different size combination of screening were obtained. The isolated glomeruli were suspensioned in KI-3T3 medium, then subsided in the medium cell with rat tail collagen. The glomeruli were refreshed 4 d after cultivation. 7 d after cultivation, the glomeruli were resolved by trypsin and the podocyts were cultured. The podocytes were generated at 5-7 d. The podocytes were analyzed after 2-3 generations. The morphology of podocytes of kidney tissue of the mice was observed by inverted phase contract microscope.The expressions of nephrin,podocin and P-cadherin in the podocytes of kidney tissue of the mice were detected by PCR.Results: The podocytes began to remove from the planted glomeruli at the 3th day. After 7 d of generation, the cultured podocytes showed microvilli and process.The PCR results showed that the podocytes expressed nephrin,podocin, and P-cadherin.Conclusion: The difference sifting technology combined with enzyme digestion could successfully isolate and culture the C57/BL6J mouse podocytes in vitro.

Objective: To establish the optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction process of polyphenols from Vitis amurensis seeds, and to provide technical reference for the use of grape seeds.Methods: With vitis amurensis seeds as raw material and ethanol as solvent, the extraction rates of polyphenols were detected under different conditions,such as different ethanol concentrations(20%,40%,60%,80%, and 95%), extraction time(10,20,30,40,and 60 min), extraction temperatures(25℃,35℃,45℃,55℃,and 65℃), material/liguid ratios(1:4,1:8,1:10,and 1:12),extraction times(1,2,3,4,and 5) and ultrasonic powers (50,60,80,100, and 120 w) by single factor experiment and orthogonal test.Results: The optimum parameters identified were as follows:ethanol concentration was 60%,extracting temperature was 50℃,extraction time was 30 min,ultrasonic power was 120 W,material/liquid ratio was 1:8, and extracting times was 2. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the extraction rate of polyphenols from Vitis amurensis seeds was 11.71%,and the polyphenols concentration was 32.86%.Conclusion: Compared with traditional solvent extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from Vitis amurensis seeds has more advantages; the craft is simple, reasonable and efficient.