基于整车风洞试验的MIRA车型数值计算

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20180226

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了明确稳态数值计算对于整车气动力，特别是车身表面压力的预测能力，首先以全尺寸MIRA车型整车风洞试验数据为基准，进行网格方案研究并得出结论、车身面网格为10 mm、5层边界层网格且第1层网格无量纲高度Y ⁺=30可以满足网格无关性要求。然后，基于该网格方案进行数值计算后得到：无偏航工况下，阻力系数C _D与试验值误差为0.34%，升力系数C _L误差为1.06%；3°~20°偏航工况下，C _D和侧向力系数C _S误差分别不超过5%和9%，表明气动力计算准确性较高；车身表面254个测压点中，压力系数C _P预测误差大于50%的测点个数基本不超过20%，其中误差较大的测点主要位于车身底部以及背风侧等流动较为复杂的区域。

关键词: 车辆工程, 气动力, 表面压力, 数值计算, MIRA车型, 风洞试验, 网格方案, 偏航工况

Abstract:

The prediction capability of steady numerical simulation on aerodynamic forces and surface pressure of generic vehicles was clarified. First, a detailed study on mesh scheme for MIRA reference car model was carried out with baseline data derived from full-scale wind tunnel test. Results show that the grid-independent strategy requires 10 mm for car surface mesh, Y ⁺=30 for the first layer grid and 5 layers around the car. Based on this mesh scheme, aerodynamic force calculation of MIRA model could yield satisfactory predictions, that at 0° yaw, the error of drag coefficient C _D from test data was 0.34%, error of lift coefficient C _L 1.06%, and at 3°~20° yaw conditions, error of C _D and side force coefficient C _S were respectively no more than 5% and 9%, which indicate the reliability of aerodynamic forces computation for simplified cars like MIRA model. For surface pressure, of all 254 pressure taps all over the car, error of C _P over 50% are less than 20%, while surface pressure was poorly calculated mostly where flow is so complicated that separation or reattachment tends to happen, such as the underbody and the leeward side..

Key words: vehicle engineering, aerodynamic force, surface pressure, numerical simulation, MIRA reference car model, wind tunnel test, mesh scheme, yaw conditions

中图分类号:

U467.1

周华,杨志刚,朱晖. 基于整车风洞试验的MIRA车型数值计算[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2019, 49(4): 1043-1053.

Hua ZHOU,Zhi⁃gang YANG,Hui ZHU. Aerodynamic calculation of MIRA model correlated with wind tunnel test[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2019, 49(4): 1043-1053.

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边界条件	参数设置
近壁面处理	非平衡壁面函数
阻塞比/%	1.6
MIRA车型正投影面积/m²	1.858
速度入口/（km·h^-1）	80
压力出口	一个标准大气压
MIRA车身表面和地面	固定壁面
计算域侧面和顶面	对称壁面

变化参数	变化范围
车身面网格尺寸/mm	5~15
车身表面网格Y ⁺值	30~90
车身边界层网格层数	3~10
体网格数量/万个	1361~3753
网格加密形式	尾部加密和整车加密

面网格尺寸/mm	网格数/万个	ΔC _D/%	ΔC _L/%
15	884	1.35	8.51
10	1726	-0.34	1.06
7.5	2731	-0.34	-1.06
5	5544	0.68	1.06

车身表面Y ⁺	ΔC _D/%	ΔC _L/%
30	-0.34	1.06
45	0	13.83
60	-0.68	26.60
90	-2.03	40.43

边界层层数	边界层厚度/mm	ΔC _D/%	ΔC _L/%
3	3.47	-0.34	6.38
5	6.74	-0.34	1.06
8	13.73	0.68	3.19
10	20.30	1.01	-2.13