4QM-4.0型麻类青饲料联合收获机研制

doi:10.13229/j.cnkj.jdxbgxb20210453

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对国内作青饲料用饲用苎麻田间收获难、劳动强度大及生产成本高的问题，设计了一种4QM-4.0型麻类青饲料联合收获机。该机采用履带式行走底盘装置，可一次性完成饲用苎麻的田间收割、输送、切碎、集料及自动化卸料一条龙作业。通过理论分析对拨禾轮及卧式割台、浮动轮夹持装置、切碎装置及卸料装置等关键零部件进行设计，并通过试验研究了滚筒直径和转速对苎麻纤维缠绕形成的影响。机器性能试验结果表明，该机各部件运行稳定、作业适应性好、可靠性高。田间试验结果表明，该机收获总损失率为3%，标准草长率为91%，作业小时生产率为0.31 hm²/h，符合设计要求和青饲料收获机标准（DG/T052—2019），能够满足饲用苎麻田间收获需求。

关键词: 农业机械化工程, 麻类作物, 饲用苎麻, 青饲料, 联合收获机, 纤维缠绕

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of difficult field harvest, high labor intensity and high production cost of domestic forage ramie, a 4QM-4.0 fibre crops green fodder combine harvester was designed. The machine adopted a crawler-type walking device， which can complete field harvesting，conveying， shredding， collecting and automatic unloading at one time. Through theoretical analysis，the reel and horizontal cutting header，floating clamping device， shredding device and unloading device and other key components were designed. And the influence of drum diameter and speed on the formation of ramie fiber winding was analyzed. Performance and field texts showed that all working parts of the harvester operated stably， the work adaptability and reliability are good. The field test results show that the total loss rate of the harvester is 3%， the standard grass length rate is 91%， and the hourly productivity is 0.31 hm²/h， which meet the design requirements and the DG/T052—2019 green fodder harvester standard， and can meet the requirements of the feeder.

Key words: agricultural mechanization engineering, fiber crops, feeding ramie, green fodder, combine harvester, fibre winding

中图分类号:

S232.5

刘佳杰,马兰,向伟,颜波,文庆华,吕江南. 4QM-4.0型麻类青饲料联合收获机研制[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2022, 52(12): 3039-3048.

Jia-jie LIU,Lan MA,Wei XIANG,Bo YAN,Qing-hua WEN,Jiang-nan LYU. Design of 4QM⁃4.0 fibre crops green fodder combine harvester[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2022, 52(12): 3039-3048.

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参数	数值
苎麻根部直径/mm	7~14
行距/mm	500
株距/mm	200
最佳收获高度/mm	1000~1400

序号	参数	数值
1	割台宽度/mm	2030
2	平均切割速度/（m·s^-1）	1.0
3	拨禾轮的圆周半径/mm	840
4	切割器与拨禾轮轴高度/mm	1470
5	拨禾轮板数/个	5
6	拨禾轮升降行程/mm	700
7	拨禾轮转速/（r·min^-1）	27.9

滚筒转速/（r·min^-1）	缠麻次数占喂麻次数百分比/%	滚筒转速/（r·min^-1）	缠麻次数占喂麻次数百分比/%
200	2.57	700	10.67
400	4.58	800	14.67
500	6.67	900	18.00
600	7.33

参数	数值
滚筒直径/mm	100	200	300
缠麻次数占喂麻次数百分比/%	6.40	2.60	0.70

组号	滑动摩角/（°）	休止角/（°）
1	40.5	45.7
2	41.2	46.3
3	40.4	45.8
4	39.7	45.2
5	40.2	45.5