多孔吸声材料对轮胎空腔共振噪声的影响

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20211344

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以乘用车205/55R16轮胎为研究对象，通过试验研究轮胎力传递率与轮胎空腔共振噪声关联关系。提出用轮胎力传递率幅值高低表征轮胎共振空腔噪声强弱；采用有限元方法建立轮胎力传递率仿真模型，指出多孔吸声材料的力学参数比其自身吸声系数对降噪效果影响更为显著；进而采用最优拉丁超立方试验方法、Kriging近似模型，探究多孔吸声材料的密度、弹性模量、宽度和厚度等4个参数对轮胎力传递率幅值的影响规律，借助多岛遗传优化算法获得多孔吸声材料最优设计参数，通过对多孔吸声材料宽度的轮胎力传递试验和跌落噪声试验验证了宽度参数影响规律的准确性。研究结果表明，相比于原始轮胎，带有优化后的多孔吸声材料的轮胎力传递率幅值明显降低，意味着轮胎空腔共振噪声也会得到有效改善。

关键词: 车辆工程, 多孔吸声材料, 轮胎力传递率, 空腔共振噪声, 仿真模型

Abstract:

A passenger car tire 205/55R16 is taken as the research object， and the relationship between tire force transmissibility and tire cavity resonance noise is studied through experiments. It is proposed that the amplitude of tire force transmissibility has the ability of representing the level of tire resonance cavity noise. A tire force transmissibility simulation model with sound-absorbing material is established using finite element method， and it is found that the mechanical parameters of porous sound-absorbing material have more significant influence on the noise reduction effect than the sound absorption coefficient. The optimal Latin hypercube test method and the Kriging approximate model are selected to explore the influences of the density， elastic modulus， width and thickness of the porous material's on the amplitude of the tire force transmissibility， and the multi-island genetic optimization algorithm is chosen to optimize the above four parameters of the porous material. By changing the single width parameter of the porous material， the accuracy of the simulation results is verified through the tire force transmission test and the falling noise test. The results show that compared with the original tire， the amplitude of tire force transmissibility of the optimized tire is significantly reduced， and the cavity resonance noise of the tire is also effectively improved.

Key words: vehicle engineering, porous sound absorbing materials, tire force transmissibility, cavity resonance noise, simulation model

中图分类号:

U463

杨建,李慧云,周海超,王国林,张铃欣. 多孔吸声材料对轮胎空腔共振噪声的影响[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2023, 53(10): 2741-2751.

Jian YANG,Hui-yun LI,Hai-chao ZHOU,Guo-lin WANG,Ling-xin ZHANG. Effects of porous sound absorbing materials on tire cavity noise[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2023, 53(10): 2741-2751.

图/表 28

图1

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表2

图6

图7

图8

表3

图9

图10

图11

表4

图12

图13

图14

图15

图16

表5

试验方案与仿真结果"

试验方案	$ρ$ /（kg·m^-3）	C₁₀	b/cm	h/cm	力传递率峰值/（m·s^-2）
1	13.00	550.158	9.11	1.263	0.018 568 3
2	14.47	562.000	10.21	1.947	0.016 754 0
3	15.95	443.579	10.58	1.211	0.016 313 3
4	17.42	408.053	11.68	1.842	0.011 619 1
5	18.89	348.842	12.05	1.053	0.012 504 9
6	20.37	490.947	8.00	1.579	0.016 352 7
7	21.84	538.316	13.89	1.895	0.015 151 6
8	23.32	337.000	12.79	1.158	0.014 457 1
9	24.79	372.526	12.42	1.368	0.008 619 9
10	26.26	455.421	14.26	1.316	0.011 703 2
11	27.74	479.105	13.53	1.000	0.011 304 3
12	29.21	514.632	8.37	1.632	0.015 865 2
13	30.68	502.789	14.63	1.684	0.009 895 7
14	32.16	431.737	15.00	1.421	0.012 647 5
15	33.63	384.368	11.32	1.789	0.014 111 0
16	35.11	419.895	9.47	1.526	0.013 713 6
17	36.58	467.263	8.74	1.105	0.008 592 1
18	38.05	526.474	13.16	2.000	0.015 911 4
19	39.53	396.211	9.84	1.474	0.015 737 3
20	41.00	360.684	10.95	1.737	0.011 008 9

表5

图17

表6

表7

图18

图19

图20

图21

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仪器型号与名称	用途
Endevco7703A?50型加速度传感器	采集加速度信号
QT1125 4 LMS数据多通道采集仪	采集激励信号
LMS Test. Lab 11B采集系统	信号采集和处理
PCB086C04力锤	施加冲击激励
直径1 cm的橡皮绳	悬挂轮胎

材料	2号传声器/dB	轮胎力传递率幅值/dB
未添加	70.3	19.5
聚酯	66.7	-1.28
橡塑	69.1	4.82
三聚氰胺	63.3	-2.94

	内腔状空气模型	无空气的轮胎模型	耦合空气的轮胎模型
模态频率/Hz	-	207.9	207.8
	-	209.2	209.1
	-	224.6	224.4
	225.4	-	225.5
	232.0	-	231.0
	-	238.7	238.6
	-	251.3	251.1
	-	252.4	252.2

材料	力传递率试验/dB	力传递率仿真/dB
未添加	19.5	-17.5671
橡塑	4.82	-17.6981
聚酯	-1.28	-17.8775
三聚氰胺	-2.94	-18.4741

A/（kg·m^-3）	B	C/cm	D/cm	预测值/（m·s^-2）	仿真值/（m·s^-2）	误差
27	450	15	2	0.012 52	0.011 34	9.4%
32.5	520	12.4	1.24	0.013 47	0.012 78	5.1%